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Moral Attributes
What is the definition of God’s Goodness?
The goodness of God means that God is the final standard of good, and all that God is and does is worthy of approval.
Good can also be translated as “worthy of approval”.
But who approves?
Anything truly good should be worthy of approval by us, however we are not free to decide what is worthy of approval and what is not.
Therefore, God’s being and actions are perfectly worthy of his own approval, therefore HE is the final standard of goodness.
Luke 18:19 (ESV)
19 And Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good?
No one is good except God alone.
Good is what God approves!
There is no higher standard of goodness than God’s own character and his approval of whatever is consistent with that character.
Scripture also tells us that God is the source of all good in the world.
James 1:17 (ESV)
17 Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or shadow due to change.
Not only IS God good, he shares the goodness with His children.
Psalm 84:11 (ESV)
11 For the Lord God is a sun and shield; the Lord bestows favor and honor.
No good thing does he withhold from those who walk uprightly.
In imitation of this communicable attribute, we should ourselves do good (that is, we should do what God approves) and thereby imitate the goodness of our heavenly Father.
Paul writes, “So then, as we have opportunity, let us do good to everyone, and especially to those who are of the household of faith.”
(Gal.
6:10)
God’s goodness is closely related to several other characteristics of his nature, among them love, mercy, patience, and grace.
Sometimes these are considered separate attributes and are treated individually.
At other times these are considered part of God’s goodness and are treated as various aspects of God’s goodness.
In this chapter we will treat love as a separate attribute since it is so prominent in Scripture.
Love
Describe God’s love:
God’s love means that God eternally gives of himself to others.
This definition understands love as self-giving for the benefit of others.
This attribute of God shows that it is part of his nature to give of himself in order to bring about blessing or good for others.
1 John 4:8 (ESV)
8 Anyone who does not love does not know God, because God is love.
We see evidence that this attribute of God was active even before creation among the members of the Trinity.
John 17:24 (ESV)
24 Father, I desire that they also, whom you have given me, may be with me where I am, to see my glory that you have given me because you loved me before the foundation of the world.
This love is also reciprocal.
John 14:31 (ESV)
31 but I do as the Father has commanded me, so that the world may know that I love the Father.
Rise, let us go from here.
This eternal love of the Father for the Son, the Son for the Father, and of both for the Holy Spirit makes heaven a world of love and joy because each person of the Trinity seeks to bring joy and happiness to the other two.
The self-giving that characterizes the Trinity finds clear expression in God’s relationship to humanity, and especially to sinful human beings.
1 John 4:10 (ESV)
10 In this is love, not that we have loved God but that he loved us and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins.
Romans 5:8 (ESV)
8 but God shows his love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.
We imitate this communicable attribute of God, first by loving God in return, and second by loving others in imitation of the way God loves them.
It is one of the most amazing facts in all Scripture that just as God’s love involves his giving of himself to make us happy, so we can in return give of ourselves and actually bring joy to God’s heart.
Our imitation of God’s love is also seen in our love for others.
Mercy, Grace, Patience
What is God’s Mercy, Grace, and Patience?
God’s mercy means God’s goodness toward those in misery and distress.
God’s grace means God’s goodness toward those who deserve only punishment.
God’s patience means God’s goodness in withholding of punishment toward those who sin over a period of time.
These three characteristics of God’s nature are often mentioned together, especially in the Old Testament.
Exodus 34:6 (ESV)
6 The Lord passed before him and proclaimed, “The Lord, the Lord, a God merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness,
Because these characteristics of God are often mentioned together, it may seem difficult to distinguish among them.
The characteristic of mercy is often emphasized where people are in misery or distress.
Scripture emphasizes that God’s grace, or his favor toward those who deserve no favor but only punishment, is never obligated but is always freely given on God’s part.
Grace as God’s goodness especially shown to those who do not deserve it is seen frequently in Paul’s writings.
He emphasizes that salvation by grace is the opposite of salvation by human effort, for grace is a freely given gift.
Grace, then, is God’s favor freely given to those who do not deserve this favor.
In the New Testament, and especially in Paul, not only the forgiveness of sins but also the entire living of the Christian life can be seen to result from God’s continuous bestowal of grace.
God’s patience, similarly, was mentioned in some of the verses cited above in connection with God’s mercy.
In the New Testament, Paul speaks about God’s “kindness and forbearance and patience”, and says that Jesus Christ displayed his “perfect patience” toward Paul himself as an example for others.
Romans 2:4 (ESV)
4 Or do you presume on the riches of his kindness and forbearance and patience, not knowing that God’s kindness is meant to lead you to repentance?
1 Timothy 1:16 (ESV)
16 But I received mercy for this reason, that in me, as the foremost, Jesus Christ might display his perfect patience as an example to those who were to believe in him for eternal life.
We are also to imitate God’s patience and be “slow to anger”.
James 1:19 (ESV)
19 Know this, my beloved brothers: let every person be quick to hear, slow to speak, slow to anger;
And be patient in suffering as Christ was.
1 Peter 2:20 (ESV)
20 For what credit is it if, when you sin and are beaten for it, you endure?
But if when you do good and suffer for it you endure, this is a gracious thing in the sight of God.
We are to lead a life “with patience”,
Ephesians 4:2 (ESV)
2 with all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love,
and “patience” is listed among the fruit of the Spirit in
Galatians 5:22 (ESV)
22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness,
Holiness
What is the definition of holiness?
God’s holiness means that he is separated from sin and devoted to seeking his own honor.
The idea of holiness as including both separation from evil and devotion to God’s glory is found in a number of Old Testament passages.
The word holy is used to describe both parts of the tabernacle, for example.
The tabernacle itself was a place separate from the evil and sin of the world, and the first room in it was called the “holy place.”
It was set apart and dedicated to God’s service.
But then God commanded that there be a veil, “And the veil shall separate for you the Holy Place from the Most Holy”.
Exodus 26:33 (ESV)
33 And you shall hang the veil from the clasps, and bring the ark of the testimony in there within the veil.
And the veil shall separate for you the Holy Place from the Most Holy.
The most holy place, where the ark of the covenant was kept, was the place most separated from evil and sin and most fully devoted to God’s service.
The place where God himself dwelt was itself holy.
The Sabbath day was made holy because it was set apart from the ordinary activities of the world and dedicated to God’s service.
God himself is the Most Holy One.
Isaiah 6:3 (ESV)
3 And one called to another and said: “Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts; the whole earth is full of his glory!”
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