Untitled Sermon (9)
The Transformation of Family.
Contemporary western understandings of ‘family’ derive from the Enlightenment, and no single Hebrew term directly corresponds to this. Three terms denote social groups of various sorts: ševet (conventionally translated as ‘tribe’) denotes ethnic origins; bêt ’ab and mišpaḥâ can both be translated as ‘family’, though generally they have wider connotations than the English term. Bêt ab can mean 1. a nuclear family consisting of parents and their children, living together in the same home (*e.g. Gen. 50:7–8); 2. a wider grouping, consisting of one or two generations of close relatives (*e.g. Gen. 7:1; 14:14); 3. relatives more generally (*e.g. Gen. 24:38; 1 Kgs. 12:19; Is. 5:7). Mišpaḥâ usually refers to a wide group of relatives, and for that reason is sometimes translated as ‘clan’, often with a territorial as well as a relational significance (*e.g. Num. 27:8–11; Judg. 18:11).
The family was held together by the traditional concerns common to all cultures prior to the emergence of the nuclear industrial family; providing employment, together with education and socialization for children, and a religious identity for all (Exod. 10:2; 12:26; 13:8; Deut. 4:9; 6:7; 32:7; Prov. 1:8; 6:20).