Sermon Tone Analysis
Overall tone of the sermon
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Mark 3:13-19; Matthew 10:1-4; Luke 6:12-16
Men called by Jesus
Men appointed by Jesus
to be with Him.
to be sent forth.
to preach.
to receive authority.
Men change by Jesus.
Matthew 10:1-4
They were called to Him.
They were given power and authority.
They were twelve in number.
They were made apostles.
They included three sets of brothers.
They were organized two by two for ministry.
Mark 3:13-19
He chose them after prayerful consideration - after praying all night.
He chose them from among His disciples.
He chose them to be apostles.
He chose diverse personalities
He chose them to minster with Him.
They ministered to two distinct groups.
to followers.
to the multitude.
They had a three-fold ministry.
to preach.
to heal.
to lead people to touch Jesus.
Simon, Simon Peter, or Cephas.
(Cephas comes from the Aramaic for “rock,” and Peter comes from the Greek equivalent for the same.)
Andrew: He was Peter’s brother and fishing partner; John’s gospel says that Andrew was first a disciple of John the Baptist.
James: He was son of Zebedee and a fisherman from Capernaum.
He’s called “James the Great” in later tradition.
John: He was James’s brother and partner in the family fishing business.
And maybe because they’re so brazen, in Mark, Jesus gives the two brothers the name Boanerges, which is a Greek form of the Aramaic “sons of thunder” (Mark 10:35–45).
Philip: He was from Bethsaida, another town on the coast of the Sea of Galilee.
Bartholomew: This member of the Twelve doesn’t get a lot of press.
There simply aren’t any stories about him apart from the list of the Twelve.
Since the ninth century CE, some people have wondered if he’s the Nathanael mentioned in John 1:45–51 and 21:2.
Why?
Because Nathanael is a normal first name and Bartholomew was more likely a surname (the Greek is based on the Aramaic Bar-Talmai, which means “son of Talmai”).
Matthew: He’s called a toll collector in Matthew’s gospel.
This reference solves the problem in Mark that the toll collector Levi is called (Mark 2:13–17), but never listed among the Twelve (Mark 3:13–19).
Thomas: Thomas, or “twin” in Aramaic, is called “doubting Thomas” because he doubted Jesus’s resurrection until he could touch Jesus’s wounds himself (John 20:24–29).
He’s also called Didymus Thomas (which is like saying “twin” twice in both Greek and Aramaic).
James: This man, who was the son of Alphaeus, was called in later tradition “James the Less” — not to be confused with James the Great or James brother of Jesus (James was obviously a popular name at the time!).
Simon: He was called “the Cananean” (which means “zealous” or “jealous” in Aramaic) in Matthew and Mark and “the Zealot” (the Greek equivalent of the same) in Luke.
Thaddeus: There’s a bit of controversy when it comes to this 11th disciple.
In Mark and Matthew, he’s called Thaddeus.
Luke, on the other hand, calls this man Jude, son of James.
Judas Iscariot: He’s the one who betrayed Jesus to the authorities (so he’s always put last on lists of the Twelve!).
I. Andrew’s experience.
A. He stood in the midst of John’s preaching.
B. He heard John proclaim that Jesus was the Lamb of God.
C.
He followed Jesus.
II.
Andrew’s critical hour.
A. Jesus turned: symbol of initiative.
B. Jesus asked the basic question of life: What do you seek?
C. Jesus extended an invitation: Come.
III.
Andrew’s great decision: He came and saw Christ and remained with Christ.
IV.
Andrew’s first concern: His brother.
V. Andrew’s conviction: Jesus was the Messiah.
VI.
Andrew’s fruit: Simon was brought to Jesus and was reaped.
VII.
Nathaniel’s experience.
VIII.
The revelation of God, the One who reveals greater things.
IX.
The Mediator.
X.
The Son of Man.
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