Lessons From Worship In Psalm 100

Kim Paschal

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Psalm 100

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Titles

-Turn to Psalm 100 & tell me the title of this Psalm in your bible

-How can titles help us?

-How can titles mislead us?

-What can we learn from both situations?

The Characters:

God: I called by His Name Yahweh (THE LORD). He is to be worshipped.

The Israelites: Not mentioned by name but this is both a Hebrew text about worshipping a Hebrew God

The People: Are also mostly likely considered to be the Israelites especially considering the “possessive” characteristics of the text (“his” is used a lot).

Things or Objects:

-Pastures: provides an imagery of BELONGING to God & therefore very protected from that which might do us harm. Pastures also provide all that is needed for the sheep to survive such a lush greenery (Psalm 23 Anyone? 😊).

QUESTION: before we discuss courts and gates, how many OT for corporate worship are mentioned in the OT? NOTE: if no one answers, go on to discuss Courts and Tabernacles but write down the different possible temples and their corresponding eras and number them.

Courts & gates which eludes to a Tabernacle/temple setting. Interestingly enough though is the issue which one is being described and what era it is. If David is the writer it would be the tent-like structure; If Solomon until the exile it would be Solomon’s temple; if while in exile it would be the Ezekiel’s “Vision-temple” which is DOUBTFUL since then the only person who could worship in this temple would be Ezekiel; and the last OT temple would be the one Ezra-Nehemiah built. ANOTHER SIDE NOTE: my studies did not show many viable options so from my guess it’s most like David b/c he was a worshipper. INTERESTING TRIVIA: Ps 84.2-3,5,11; 92.14; 96.8; 116.19; 135;2 are the only addition Psalms that use the word “courts” and only our featured Psalm uses “gates”. All other references use “temple, dwelling place, Holy Place, tabernacle, holy habitation, house. There is only one of those references that speaks of “joy” BUT not as a command but as a state of being.

Sheep:

Ps 8.7-8; 44.11, 23; 49.15; 65.14; 66.15; 77.21; 78.52,70-71; 80.2; 95.7; 107.41; 114.4,6; 119.176; 144.13. Depending on the context, being a sheep can be a good or bad thing. Let’s start with the “bad”: sheep can be sacrificed/slaughtered which also depends on the purpose. Sacrificed if pure enough but slaughtered if given into the wrong hands. The “good” sheep concept is a depiction of sheep being in good hands that are taken of; valued; protected; led in the right direction so as not to be led into hand of the wicked. And of course the ultimate “good Person” is God as El Shaddai. QUESTION: who does that remind us of? 😊

QUESTION: which sheep category do you think today’s Psalm 100 fits into?

Important Words: Psalm 100.1

Mounce, W. D. (2006). Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words (p. 1040). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

-"noise": Cry, Cry out, shout; raise the war-cry or alarm; rejoice; cheer.

[8131] רוּעַ rûaʿ 45× [H] to raise a battle cry; sound a trumpet blast; shout in triumph or exaltation [7321]

QUESTION: What word does “rua” look similar to?

-Interesting observation: "rua" is very similar to the Hebrew for "breath" which is "ruach".

-Knowing "noise" is so closely associated w/the "battle cry" makes me even more curious of the context of this Psalm. QUESTION: Is worship a type of warfare?

-"earth":

[824] אֶ֫רֶץ ʾereṣ 2,505× world, earth, all inhabited lands; parts of the earth, land (in contrast to water), ground, soil; country, region, territory;

-Interesting how the psalmist assumes ALL peoples will want to worship God since Yahweh provides for ALL whether He is acknowledged or not. It's as if the psalmist is pretty confident though that all peoples will recognize the greatness of Yahweh and therefore will gladly worship Him eventually.

Next word: QUESTION: what comes to mind when you hear the word servant?

Psa 100.2

-"Serve":

[6268] עָבַד ʿābad 290× [Q] to work, serve, labor, do; to worship, minister, work in ministry.

MY INSIGHTS: This puts in my mind a deliberate and intentional act and something the follower of Yahweh was or should be compelled to do b/c of His position and ours in comparison to Him.

-"Gladness": [8525] שִׂמְחָה

śimḥâ 94×joy, gladness, pleasure, delight.

INTERESTING OBSERVATION:

Gladness as defined by the various dictionaries is synonymous w/"joy" but in the context of a celebration especially those involving feasts/meals.

QUESTION FOR MORE OF A DISCUSSION THAT THE ANSWER MAY BE DISCOVERED OR NOT:

1) What, if any connection exists for this word in the context of this psalm?

2) And what distinguishes "w/singing" from "w/gladness"?

ANOTHER OBSERVATION: gladness is also associated w/the words "pleasure" & "delight".

-"enter":

[995] בּוֹא bôʾ 2,592× [Q] to come, go; [H] to bring, take; [Ho] to be brought [935] See approach; arrive; bring; carry; come; enter; follow; reach; return; take.

-"Presence":

[7156] פָּנֶה pāneh 2,126× face; by extension: appearance, presence; (pp.) before, in front of, in the presence of; to “show one’s face” is a sign of favor; to “turn” or “hide one’s face” is a sign of rejection [3942* & 6440] See countenance; face; head; presence.

WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED SO FAR?

We serve Yahweh w/gladness which is usually associated w/a meal stated earlier; and we come b/f Yahweh's Presence which is a grand privilege considering "presence" is a sign of FAVOR! We also come w/singing b/c it is Him we are coming b/f; He is the King; YET He desires this time w/us!

So putting these two concepts together brings to my mind a grand time of fellowship and relationship/intimacy!

Psa 100.3

QUESTION: What comes to mind when you hear the word “know”

"know":

[3359] יָדַע yādaʿ 956× [Q] to know, recognize, understand; to have sexual relations; [Qp] to be respected; [N] to be known, make oneself known; [P] to cause to know; [Pu] to be well known; [H] to show, teach, make known; [Ho] to be made aware; [Ht] to make oneself known; this can range in meaning from the mere acquisition and understanding of information to intimacy in relationship, including sexual relations [3045] See acknowledge; know; understand.

Seeing how many times "yada" is connected to intimately knowing someone, I think this "knowing" is more than head knowledge, but the concept of knowing this to be a fact; a state of being; a definite thing; nothing to waver on or doubt. What are we to know (8/21/21 I would like to add know seems to also say "Pay attention! This is very important to know!"): 1)He made us; 2)we are his (some translations say "it is He who made us and not we ourselves"-which personally I actually like better); 3)we are his people; 4) we are the sheep of His pasture.

Looks like our God (Yahweh) is a special God, b/c He has a seemingly personal investment in us His creation and so we are given special care like sheep which apparently as seen in the "things" category to be significant.

WHICH BRINGS US TO OUR NEXT WORD: QUESTION: But before we go into our next word what comes to mind when you hear the word “flock”?

-"Sheep":

[7366] צֹאן ṣōʾn 274× flock, sheep, goats (in contrast to larger mammals: cattle, donkeys, camels, etc.) [6629] See flock; goat; lamb; sheep.

Apparently the author could have used the word "flocks" but was inspired to be more specific to name what the "flock" is (sheep) which as stated earlier seems to pt to how significant we as humans are to The Great God-Yahweh!

-"pasture":

5338 מַרְעִית (mǎr·ʿîṯ): n.fem.; ≡ Str 4830; TWOT 2185c—1. LN 1.95–1.98 pasture, pasturage, grazing place, i.e., a place where herding animals range and forage for food (Ps 74:1; 79:13; 95:7; 100:3; Isa 49:9; Jer 23:1; 25:36; Eze 34:31; Hos 13:6+); 2. LN 4.1–4.37 flock, formally, pasture, i.e., a collective group of herding, ranging small-mammals (Jer 10:21+), note: in some contexts “pasture” has the associative meaning of care and concern for the herding animals.

Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Hebrew (Old Testament) (electronic ed.). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.

Again as stated not only in this section of "important words" but also in "important things" "knowing" we are "sheep" in Yahweh's "pasture" means we are very much cared for. Think about a place to look for food would never be hard to do b/c it's HIS pasture that will never run out of what we need to not only to survive but to thrive! We will be the best cared for sheep in the whole universe!

‘79+\’];

-Make: 1 עָשָׂה ʿāśâ 2,632× [Q] to do, make; [Qp] to be done; [N] to be done, be made; [Pu] to be made; a generic of action, seen in the many contextual translations of the NIV [6213] See acquire; do; make; perform.

Mounce, W. D. (2006). Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words (p. 1016). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

Yahweh Himself made us! This is a wondrous thing! A marvel! A wonder! See how "perform" is associated w/this word which gives one the idea of a spectacular show that draws one to honor, glorify, praise and applaud this awesome Being!

NEXT VERSE:

Psa 100.4

Thanksgiving [9343] תּוֹדָה tôdâ 32× thank offering; thanksgiving, confession of thankfulness; song of thanksgiving; thanks is the speaking of the excellence of a person or object, with a focus on the personal gratitude of the speaker [8426]

Mounce, W. D. (2006). Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words (p. 1062). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

n.f. thanksgiving — 1. give praise to ˊי‍, praise rendered by acknowledging and abandoning sin. 2. thanksgiving in songs of liturgical worship. 3. thanksgiving choir, procession, line, company. 4. thank-offering.

Whitaker, R., Brown, F., Driver, S. R. (Samuel R., & Briggs, C. A. (Charles A. (1906). The Abridged Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew-English Lexicon of the Old Testament: from A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament by Francis Brown, S.R. Driver and Charles Briggs, based on the lexicon of Wilhelm Gesenius. Boston; New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company.

Now what I did not know is "thanksgiving" used in this way is more related to offering up of a sacrifice meaning it is a special form of praise given to a unique God!

As is seen above, "praise" is similar in meaning to "thanksgiving" but almost as another way of proclaiming the excellency of Yahweh.

NEXT WORD:

Courts:

[2958] 1 חָצֵר ḥāṣēr 192× courtyard, court of a house, enclosed areas; village, a permanent settlement but without walls [2691 & 2699*] See court; village.

Mounce, W. D. (2006). Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words (p. 939). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

I. חָצֵר n.m. and (oftener) f. enclosure, court — 1. enclosures (in Egypt), perhaps court-yards, or cattle-yards, distinct from houses and from fields. 2. court of private house (containing a well); of a palace, חָצֵר הָאַחֶרֶת the other court, immediately surrounding palace, so called in distinct. from חַגְּדוֹלָה ˊח‍(הֶ) the great court; מַטָרָה ˊח‍ court or guard, place of (honourable) confinement (in king’s house). Esp. 3.a. court of tabernacle; courts of house of ˊי‍. b. court(s) of Sol.’s temple, inner c.; = upper c.; outer court; two courts; courts; oft. poet. c. courts of Ezek.’s temple.

Courts are most associated w/the outside area of a house but it's not an ordinary outside space. It's a space of protection that shows whatever (or in this case WHOEVER) is there. No ordinary animal or person could just wander into this space, but only animals/persons who BELONGED TO the owner Who in this case is Yahweh!

Give Thanks: [3344] 2 יָדָה yādâ 111× [H] to express praise, give thanks, extol, make a public confession, make an admission; to praise is to speak of the excellence of someone or something; to give thanks has a focus on the gratitude of the speaker

Mounce, W. D. (2006). Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words (p. 947). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

3344 II. יָדָה (yā·ḏā(h)): v.; ≡ Str 3034; TWOT 847—1. LN 33.354–33.364 (hif) express praise, extol, i.e., make a public confession of the attributes and acts of power of a person (2Sa 22:50), (hitp) (2Ch 30:22) note: there is a focus on the content of praise, spoken out-loud, usually in the context of the community; 2. LN 33.349–33.353 (hif) give thanks, i.e., give an expression of praise for a person, with a particular focus on the subject being engaged in the expression of thanks or praise (1Ch 29:13); 3. LN 33.275–33.277 (hif) confess, make an admission, i.e., to publicly admit to something, usually a wrong of some kind (Ps 32:5; Pr 28:13); (hitp) (Lev 5:5; Da 9:4)

Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Hebrew (Old Testament) (electronic ed.). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.

This audible expression is targeted at a specific person and more pointedly is to be a public and loud audible expression.

Bless: [1384] 1 בָּרַךְ bārak 3× [Q] to kneel down; [H] to make kneel [1288][1385] 2 בָּרַךְ bārak 327× [P] to bless, pronounce blessings, give praise, give thanks, extol; [Qp, N, Pu] to be blessed, be praised; [Ht] to bless oneself, be blessed; this can mean to speak words invoking divine favor (bless), or speak of the excellence of someone (praise) [1288] See bless; praise.

Mounce, W. D. (2006). Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words (p. 909). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

So is looks like their are 2 ways to "bless" someone: 1) a physical action of kneeling down b/f the subject or in honor of the subject; 2) a verbal action of giving thanks, extolling or speaking well of someone.

His name: [9005] 1 שֵׁם šēm 864× name, a proper designation of a person, place, or thing; by extension: renown, fame; “to call on the name of the LORD” means to proclaim or praise the excellence of Yahweh, to worship Yahweh, or to summon Yahweh by name for help [8034] See fame; name

Mounce, W. D. (2006). Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words (p. 1056). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

3. name, as designation of God, specif. of ˊי‍; call with, i.e. use the name ˊי‍ in worship (v. קרא 2 c); hence, of place of worship; people come ˊי‍ ˊלְשׁ‍; seek it; swear with ˊי‍ ˊבְּשׁ‍; = his reputation, fame, c. עַשָׂה לוֹ, v. 1 b (1); ˊי‍ ˊבְּשׁ‍, i.e. as his representative (v. 2 a ad fin); esp. embodying the (revealed) character of ˊי‍; hence object of knowledge, love, fear, esp. of praise, etc. and many combinations; ˊי‍ ˊשׁ‍ is powerful agent.

It looks like for the most pt, The Name is connected to Yahweh and His character. That is what is to be given special attention in this Psalm. On a side note, "Shem" which means "name" is also the son of Noah from whom the Hebrew people are descended. Now isn't that interesting!

Psa 100.5

Good: [3201] 1 טוֹב ṭôb 28× [Q] to be good, well, pleasing; [H] to do well, do good, prosper; this can refer to quality as well as to moral goodness [2896]

I. טוֹב vb. pleasing, good — Qal 1. be pleasant, delightful, of tents of Jacob; of caresses (sq. מִיַּיִן comp.) 2. be glad, joyful 3. of rank, position, claim 4. טוֹב לְ be well with, good for, so (sc. לוֹ) it is well (with him); טוֹב אֶל־ there is good toward David; 5. be pleasing; later usage is אִם טוֹב עַל if it seem good unto (cf. טוֹב adj.). Hiph. do well, act right, sq. כִּי that; sq. inf. c. לְ.

In the context of this Psalm and verse, it appears "good" is a description of Yahweh that we have come to expect to be described of Him. The preceding verses have been leading the worshipper to want to be in Yahweh's presence and it appears this last verse culminates with reminding the hearer "Yahweh is good!". What a compelling but at the same time simple concept: Our God is GOOD!

Steadfast Love (Loyal Love):

[2876] 2 חֶ֫סֶד ḥesed 249× unfailing love, loyal love, devotion, kindness, often based on a prior relationship, especially a covenant relationship [2617] See kindness; love; loyalty; mercy.

Mounce, W. D. (2006). Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words (pp. 937–938). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

II. of God: kindness, lovingkindness in condescending to the needs of his creatures. He is חַסְדָּם their goodness, favour. 1. specif. lovingkindness: a. in redemption from enemies and troubles; men should trust in it; rejoice in it; hope in it. b. in preservation of life from death. c. in quickening of spiritual life. d. in redemption from sin. e. in keeping the covenants, with Abraham; with Moses and Israel; with David and his dynasty; with the wife Zion. 2. חֶסֶד is grouped with other divine attributes: חסד ואמת kindness (lovingkindness) and fidelity. 3. the kindness of God is a. abundant. b. great in extant; it is kept for thousands, esp. of those connected with lovers of ˊי‍; it is great as the heavens; the earth is full of it. c. everlasting. d. good. 4. pl. mercies, deeds of kindness, the historic displays of lovingkindness to Israel: shewn to Jacob; but mostly late; promised in the Davidic covenant; חַסְדֵּי דָוִיד mercies to David; mercies in general; חֶסֶד in n.pr.m. ˊבן־ח‍ v. sub בֵּן. v. II. חֶסֶד sub II. חסד.

Me: This is a mysterious word but it looks like from the combined resources, This is "hesed" which appears best translated as LOYAL LOVE. I think this is the truest description and how like our God-Yahweh to have this kind of love for His children! A lot like a parent is to their children! This speaks so much to us not being forsaken, forgotten, left behind, abandoned. It shows how much Abba can be depended upon. That He will not just flip the switch on us for petty things, but will be loyal to us! It's a kind of love to settle back in a just sigh! "AH!"

Forever: [6409] עוֹלָם ʿôlām 439× everlasting, forever, eternity; from of old, ancient, lasting, for a duration [5769] See ancient; eternal; everlasting; forever.

Mounce, W. D. (2006). Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words (p. 1007). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

מעתה ועד עולם from now and for ever (i.e. as long as one lives); of people’s hope in God; dynasty of David; of God’s acts, words, etc.; v. further I. עַד.

There are two different conclusions that can be come from forever: is it of Yahweh only or only the lifetime of the speaker/spoken of?

This really gives pause for thought. Of course the answer to that question is CONTEXT. But, sometimes finding the context of something can be tricky. It looks like Yahweh as one spoken of is the best conclusion to come to. That is very comforting b/c HIS LIFETIME, well.... it never ends!

His Faithfulness: [575] אֱמוּנָה ʾemûnâ 49× faithfulness, steadiness, trustworthiness [530] See faithfulness; integrity; trustworthiness

Mounce, W. D. (2006). Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words (p. 895). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

n.f. firmness, steadfastness, fidelity. 1. lit. firmness, steadfastness. 2. steadfastness. 3. faithfulness, trust: a. of human conduct. b. as a divine attribute.

575 אֱמוּנָה (ʾěmû·nā(h)): n.fem.; ≡ Str 530; TWOT 116e—1. LN 31.82–31.101 faithfulness, trustworthiness, steadiness, entrusted, i.e., a state or condition of being dependable to a person or standard (Dt 32:4; 1Sa 26:23; 2Ki 22:7; 1Ch 9:22, 26, 31; 2Ch 19:9; 31:12, 15, 18; 34:12; Ps 33:4; 36:6[EB 5]; 40:11[EB 10]; 88:12[EB 11]; 89:2[EB 1],3[EB 2],6[EB 5],9[EB 8],25[EB 24],34[EB 33],50[EB 49]; 92:3[EB 2]; 98:3; 100:5; 119:75, 86, 90,138; 143:1; Pr 28:20; Isa 11:5; 25:1; 33:6; La 3:23; Hos 2:22[EB 20]; Hab 2:4+); 2. LN 17 steadiness, i.e., pertaining to a state which has no linear or non-linear movement (Ex 17:12+); 3. LN 88.39–88.45 honesty, i.e., a state of being completely truthful (2Ki 12:16[EB 15]; Pr 12:17, 22; Isa 59:4+); 4. LN 21.9–21.13 security, safety, i.e., a state which is free from danger (Ps 37:3+); 5. LN 70 truth, i.e., that which conforms to reality, and the standard it represents (Ps 96:13; 119:30; Jer 5:1, 3; 7:28; 9:2[EB 3]+), see also domain LN 72

Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Hebrew (Old Testament) (electronic ed.). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.

MY PERSONAL INSIGHTS:

FAITHFUL(NESS): Any word related to the faithfulness of God, always tugs at my heart. This character of Yahweh to me is one of the most important things to know about Him. Knowing someone will NEVER betray us; will STAY with us; will NEVER abandon us; is DEPENDABLE; can be COUNTED ON; can be TRUSTED w/intimate details of our lives; we can be HONEST with Him at all times; makes us SECURE and SAFE.

ALL GENERATIONS: [1886] 1 דּוֹר dôr 1× house, dwelling [1755]

(I (Kim) included this definition in light of the previous words in this Psalm that describes the SECURITY; the SAFETY; and even the PASTURE image that shows PROVISION; and PROTECTION found in Yahweh alone consistently).

[1887] 2 דּוֹר dôr 167× generation, generation to come; descendant [1755] See generation.

Mounce, W. D. (2006). Mounce’s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old & New Testament Words (p. 919). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.

I. דּוֹר, דֹּר n.m. period, generation, dwelling. 1. period, age, generation, mostly poet.: a. of duration in the past, former age(s). b. usually of duration to come, future age(s). c. apparently including both past and future. 2. of men living at a particular time (period, age), generation, as transitory: specific. a. in the present, and (or) the past. b. (present & future). c. esp. of a future generation, with numeral; of a succession of generations 3. generation characterized by quality or condition, class of men: דּוֹר עִקֵּשׁ crooked generation.

1887 II. דּוֹר (dôr): n.masc.; ≡ Str 1755; TWOT 418b—1. LN 10.14–10.48 lineage, generation, family line, i.e., a group of persons related by birth (Jos 22:28); 2. LN 11.1–11.11 generation, i.e., a group of people living at the same time and belonging to the same age/class as relates to creating the next generation (Ge 6:9; Jer 2:31); 3. LN 67.142–67.162 generation, i.e., a period of time as an indefinite period of time (Ps 61:7[EB 6]); 4. LN 10.1–10.13 class of persons, formally, generation, i.e., a group exhibiting similarities (Dt 32:5; Pr 30:11); 5. LN 67.78–67.141 unit: דּוֹר וְ־ דּוֹר (dôr w- dôr)2 always, through all generations, formally, generation and generation, i.e., a duration of time without reference to other periods of time (Ps 10:6)

Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Hebrew (Old Testament) (electronic ed.). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.

Generations is a very versatile word but in the context of the other "time word", it seems to support an unending space of time.

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