John 20 Verses 19 to 23 Breath of Heaven June 18, 2023

John 20 Verses 19 to 23 Breath of Heaven June 18, 2023

Class Presentation Notes AAAA

Background Scriptures:

· Mark 16:10-11 (NASB) 10 She went and reported to those who had been with Him, while they were mourning and weeping. 11 When they heard that He was alive and had been seen by her, they refused to believe it.

· Colossians 1:26-27 (NASB) 26 that is, the mystery which has been hidden from the past ages and generations, but has now been manifested to His saints, 27 to whom God willed to make known what is the riches of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles, which is Christ in you, the hope of glory.

Main Idea: The Holy Spirit is God but never wants to call attention to Himself. He wants to promote Jesus in us.

Study Aim: To understand that peace is not the absence of problems and pain but the ability to quietly trust God during our problems and pain.

Create Interest:

· John writes this Gospel to every person who is spiritually dead, trapped in sins, and awaiting God’s judgment. In other words, he writes it to every person, including you and me. By describing the condition of man as dead and offering man eternal life through faith in Jesus, John reveals a line that divides mankind into two categories, dead and alive.Then he extends the offer of life to each one of us. This issue is bigger than physical life and physical death; it extends beyond the seventy or eighty years you may have on this earth. The matter at stake is eternal life and eternal death.[1]

Lesson in Historical Context:

· The angels asked Mary a question: ‘why are you crying?’ She replied, ‘They have taken my Lord away, and I don’t know where they have put him.’ John then immediately tells us, ‘At this, she turned round and saw Jesus standing there, but she did not realize that it was Jesus.’ We don’t know why she didn’t recognize him. It may have been the tears that blurred her vision; it may have been that she simply wasn’t expecting to see Him there; it may have been that the appearance of Jesus was so different from the last bruised and bloody images of Him she had in her mind. But whatever the reason, she thought instead that she was seeing the local gardener and wondered if he knew where the body had been moved to.

· His question to her seems obvious enough in the context, but as we listen to it, knowing who was asking, we can detect the added significance: ‘Woman, why are you crying? Who is it you are looking for?’ And it was when Jesus called her name that there was that sudden electric shock of recognition. In an instant she realized who He was. ‘She turned towards him and cried out in Aramaic, “Rabboni!” (which means Teacher).’

· Mary had probably fallen to her knees in the traditional Jewish form of greeting someone special and was clinging on to the feet or legs of Jesus. We can understand that emotion. She thought she’d lost Him to death, but now He was found, and she didn’t want to let Him go. But Jesus told her to go and tell the disciples of his resurrection.

· Throughout John’s Gospel, Jesus referred to His relationship to God in intimate language—He kept calling God His Father. In fact, He did so over 118 times. And this offended the Jews. They couldn’t grasp how God could be addressed in such an intimate manner (5:18). But here Jesus told his followers that this relationship of closeness to God was one that had been opened up for them as well (v. 17).

· John records how later that evening the disciples were meeting together. They’d heard the testimony of Mary Magdalene. John and Peter had also confirmed that something inexplicable had taken place. But it is clear that the news had not yet sunk in. The doors were locked; they were afraid that the Jewish authorities, having had Jesus executed, would complete the job by having them killed, too.

· But something happened that would change their lives completely and give them a future they never imagined. Jesus appeared. Miraculously locked doors were no obstacle to him. As He stood there and showed them the scars in His hands and side He proved that it was actually Him, the one who was crucified and who most evidently had risen from the dead. Things would never be the same again. This was the start of something new.[2]

Bible Study:

John 20:19 (NASB) 19 So when it was evening on that day, the first day of the week, and when the doors were shut where the disciples were, for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in their midst and *said to them, "Peace be with you."

· Vs. 19: We do not find the disciples rejoicing in Mary’s good news that she has “seen the Lord” (v. 18). Instead, they are hiding out behind locked doors. For the moment at least they are reduced to being, like Joseph of Arimathea, disciples “secretly for fear of the Jews” (see 19:38)—this even though Jesus has taken every precaution to ensure their safety (see 18:8–9, 19–21).

· Still, their reception of the message is likely presupposed even though not explicit. If they had heard the words, “I am going up to my Father and your Father, and my God and your God” (v. 17), and that Mary had seen the risen Lord, this would not have led them to expect that theywould see Jesus.

o On the contrary, if He was on His way to the Father, as He had told them again and again before, and as the beloved disciple already believed (v. 8), they would not have expected to see him immediately.

o At least “a short time” (16:16) would have to pass, a time of mourning and weeping, before they would see him again (see 16:16–22).

· His coming, therefore, is unexpected, and possibly miraculous, although nothing is made of its miraculous character.

o Did he just appear suddenly behind the locked doors, or did he knock and gain admission (like Peter in Acts 12:13)?

· Something happened that was far more startling than the arrival of the temple police: Jesus came and stood in their midst. The locked doors were no deterrent to Him; His glorified resurrection body simply passed through the walls.

· The words He spoke to them, “Peace be with you” (cf. 14:27), were intended to calm and reassure the terrified disciples, who thought they were seeing a ghost (Luke 24:37; cf. Matt. 14:26).

o The words also complemented His words on the cross, “It is finished!” (John 19:30), since it was His work on the cross that brought about peace between God and His people (Rom. 5:1; Eph. 2:14–18).

o The language echoes the farewell discourses:

§ I will not leave you orphaned.

§ I am coming to you” (14:18);

§ “Peace I leave with you, my peace I give you” (14:27);

§ “I am going away, and I am coming to you” (14:18); “These things I have spoken to you so that in me you might have peace” (16:33).

· Using the greeting so familiar to the disciples would help to put them at ease. The fact that He spoke just as He had always spoken would give them some indication that He was not just a vision or a spirit.

o Ephesians 2:13-14 (NASB) 13 But now in Christ Jesus you who formerly were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ. 14 For He Himself is our peace, who made both groups into one and broke down the barrier of the dividing wall,

o John 14:27 (NASB) 27 "Peace I leave with you; My peace I give to you; not as the world gives do I give to you. Do not let your heart be troubled, nor let it be fearful.

o John 16:33 (NASB) 33 "These things I have spoken to you, so that in Me you may have peace. In the world you have tribulation but take courage; I have overcome the world.".[3]

Thoughts to Soak On

· True Christians will love to meet together for worship. Nothing will prevent this; and one of the types of evidence of piety is a desire to assemble to hear the Word of God, and to offer to Him prayer and praise.

· It is worthy of remark that this is the first assembly that was convened for worship on the Lord’s day, and in that assembly Jesus was present.

· Since that time, the day has been observed in the church as the Christian Sabbath, particularly to commemorate the resurrection of Christ.[4]

John 20:20 (NASB) 20 And when He had said this, He showed them both His hands and His side. The disciples then rejoiced when they saw the Lord.

· Vs. 20: To reassure them that it was really Him, Jesus showed them both His hands and His side. Luke records that He said to them, “See My hands and My feet, that it is I Myself; touch Me and see, for a spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see that I have” (Luke 24:39).

o Recognizing Him at last, the disciples then rejoiced when they saw the Lord

§ Jesus gave a conclusive proof that He was not a spirit by eating a piece of broiled fish (Luke 24:41–43).[5]

· If the empty tomb signified to the beloved disciple Jesus’ departure to the Father, his appearance to the disciples gathered behind locked doors signifies his return.

o He has come back, not to pay them a brief visit and go away again, but to stay. His return is not a momentary incident but the beginning of a new relationship. “Before long,” he had said, “the world will not see me anymore, but you will see me. Because I live, you also will live. On that day you will realize that I am in my Father, and you are in me, and I am in you” (14:19–20).

o The new relationship is made possible by the Spirit, who, Jesus had said, “lives with you and will be in you” (14:17). The disciples’ joy at this reunion is a joy that “no one will take away” (16:22).[6]

Thought to Soak on

· The disciples would indeed be found that night, but not by their enemies. Jesus appeared in the locked room! Readers of this story are often tempted to ponder what kind of body Jesus could have that passed through walls or doors and yet was physically present so that he could be touched (cf. not only John 20:27 but also Matt 28:9; Luke 24:39) and even eat physical food (cf. Luke 24:41–43).

o The Gospel writers did not and undoubtedly could not explain such a mystery. What the early followers of Jesus did was witness to what they saw and touched (cf. 1 John 1:1).

· For some contemporary readers trained in scientific rationality, such testimonies may not suffice. But divine mystery can hardly be grasped fully by human minds and certainly cannot be analyzed by the computer or other mechanisms of mere humans.

· The brilliant apostle Paul struggled with the phenomenon of the resurrection body, and the best even he could do was to conclude that while there is a connection between mortal bodies and immortal bodies (1 Cor 15:35–36), the nature of the new body and the change is a mystery (1 Cor 15:51).[7]

o 1 Corinthians 15:35-36 (NASB) 35 But someone will say, "How are the dead raised? And with what kind of body do they come?" 36 You fool! That which you sow does not come to life unless it dies;

o 1 Corinthians 15:51 (NASB) 51 Behold, I tell you a mystery; we will not all sleep, but we will all be changed,

John 20:21 (NASB) 21 So Jesus said to them again, "Peace be with you; as the Father has sent Me, I also send you."

· Jesus repeated his greeting Peace be with you! This time it came with a commission for his disciples. Instead of reproaching them for their failures, he recommissioned them as his emissaries: As the Father has sent me, I am sending you. To express Jesus’ being sent by the Father, here the evangelist uses the verb apostellō, while for the disciples’ sending by Jesus he uses the verb pempō. However, nothing should be made of this, as the words are used synonymously in the Fourth Gospel for the sending of Jesus by the Father (e.g. 3:17; 5:36/4:34; 5:23), the disciples by Jesus (e.g. 4:38/20:21), John the Baptist by God (e.g. 1:6; 3:34/1:33), and various people sent by the Jewish leaders (e.g. 1:19, 24/1:22).

· The Fourth Gospel speaks often of Jesus being sent into the world by the Father:

o to do his will (6:38–39; 8:29),

o to speak his words (3:34; 8:28; 12:49; 14:24; 17:8),

o to perform his works (4:34; 5:36; 9:4)

o and win salvation for all who believe (3:16–17).

· That the disciples were sent to continue the words and works of Jesus is foreshadowed at various places in the Gospel:

o Jesus urged them to lift their eyes and see fields ripe for harvest, and told them He had sent them to reap where others had labored (4:35–38),

o Jesus said those who believed in Him would do the works He had done and greater works than these because He was returning to the Father (14:12);

o Jesus told them, ‘I chose you and appointed you to go and bear fruit—fruit that will last’ (15:16), saying that when the Counsellor comes ‘He will testify about me.

o Jesus said you also must testify, for you have been with Me from the beginning’ (15:26–27), and when He prayed for His disciples He said to the Father, ‘As you sent me into the world, I have sent them into the world’ (17:18).

§ This last text, which parallels 20:21, confirms that the sending of the disciples was ‘into the world’, i.e., with a mission to the world.

§ The other texts reveal the essential content of their mission was to ‘harvest’ men and women for the kingdom by their witness to Jesus by word and deed, alongside the ongoing witness of the Spirit.

· While Jesus’ words about sending his disciples as the Father sent Him applied primarily to the Twelve (Mark 3:13–19), there is a sense in which all believers are privileged to share in this commission in so far as they all are recipients of the Spirit whom He bequeathed to His disciples (see 20:22).

o With the particular enabling that Spirit provides, each plays a part in continuing the work and witness of Jesus.[8]

John 20:22 (NASB) 22 And when He had said this, He breathed on them and *said to them, "Receive the Holy Spirit.

· Jesus commissioned His disciples in verse 21. Before they could serve, He had to deal with doubt, discouragement, and fear. He then “breathed” on them and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit”.

· This is one of the most difficult verses in the New Testament to understand. We will try to give an explanation.

· What is actually happening here? Jesus “breathed” on them. This word “breathed” is from the Greek word emphusao {em-foo-sah’-o}. It was used in the Septuagint in Genesis 2:7and it means “to breathe with force or to blow.” It was the word that was used to describe blowing into a flute. This breathing is a partial fulfillment of a prophecy in Ezekiel 37 where Israel would spiritually come alive again (see vss. 9, 14).

· Before this event, men were not permanently indwelt by the Holy Spirit. He was not to be given until Jesus was glorified. He is now glorified. God was giving them a breath of spiritual, eternal life. Bible scholars understand this to be a temporary, partial empowering of the Holy Spirit that would sustain them until Pentecost which was about two months away. This was not unusual. In the Old Testament, the Holy Spirit came upon and left people. David spoke of this in Psalm 51.

o Psalm 51:11—Cast me not away from thy presence; and take not thy holy spirit from me. David knew God’s spirit could depart from a person.

· The Spirit now indwells the disciples. The Lord fulfilled His promise in John 14.

o John 14:16–17.… And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever; [17] Even the Spirit of truth; whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth him not, neither knoweth him: but ye know him; for he dwelleth with you, and shall be in you.

· A definite change took place in their lives before the day of Pentecost. Something has happened to these boys! Their unbelief and misapprehensions were gone. They worshiped the Lord and had great joy in their lives.[9]

Thoughts to soak on about receiving the Holy Spirit.

· The point of receiving the holy spirit, it’s clear, is not to give the disciples new ‘spiritual experiences’, though to be sure they will have plenty. Nor is it to set them apart from ordinary people, a sort of holier-than-thou club—though to be sure they are called to live the rich, full life of devotion and dedication that is modelled on Jesus’ own. The point is so that they can do, in and for the whole world, what Jesus had been doing in Israel. ‘As the father has sent me, so I’m sending you’ (verse 21).

· That’s the clue to it all. How does the unique achievement of Jesus, in one time and place, affect all other times and places? How does the message he preached, which made so much sense in first-century Palestine, spread to other cultures and peoples who aren’t thinking about God’s kingdom, who aren’t waiting for a Messiah, who don’t look at the world like that at all?

· ‘Salvation is from the Jews’ (4:22). From Israel, for the world. The long story of God and Israel has reached its climax in Jesus. Now the salvation he has brought to Israel is to come from the Jewish world, out to the wider world of the Gentiles. And the disciples are to start the process of taking it there.

· There is all the difference in the world between something being achieved and something being implemented. The composer achieves the writing of the music; the performers implement it. The clockmaker designs and builds the wonderful clock. The owner now has to set it to the right time and keep it wound up. Jesus has accomplished the defeat of death and has begun the work of new creation (notice how John again stresses that it was the first day of the week). His followers don’t have to do that all over again.

o (This, by the way, is why the early church didn’t say exactly the same things that he said. That confuses people who think that Jesus was just a great moral or spiritual teacher. They then wonder why his followers kept talking about him instead of simply repeating what he had said.

§ The answer is that they were implementing his achievement, not trying to duplicate it. That would have been the real disloyalty.)

· Jesus’ mission to Israel, reaching its climax in his death and resurrection, is thus to be implemented by the disciples’ mission to the world. That’s why they need the holy spirit: Jesus’ breath, God’s breath, to enable them to do the job they could otherwise never dream of doing.[10]

A parting thought as to what to make of what we have learned😊 The Bible gives peace because it is God’s Word. When we love it, the result is a calm and peace in our own life.

* Psalm 119:165—Great peace have they which love thy law: and nothing shall offend them.

To have the peace of God means …

* we are reconciledwith our Redeemer

* we have a calmin the midst of calamity

* we have tranquilityin trials

* we have stillnessin storms

* we have fellowshipwith a friend that sticks closer than a brother

* we have rest when it is time to rest.

We have no peace without the Prince of Peace. Life is plagued with bitterness, worry, anger, hate, and constant arguing. Without the Lord, you do not have the peace of God.[11]

Additional Study for the “Inquiring Mind”

· One of my class members asked about Prophecies concerning Jesus. For further study should you have that interest as well, I submit the following which is too extensive to go over in class.

· The disciples finally understood that Jesus had meant exactly what He was saying. When He had said that He was going to die and arise from the dead, they had spiritualized His words. But Jesus had meant exactly what He was saying:

· He was to literally die and arise from the dead and by such He was to usher in the Kingdom of God. Of course, this was far more meaningful than the earthly kingdom they had desired. It was the most glorious news in all the world, for man could now live beyond a few short years in an earthly kingdom; man could live in the very presence of God forever. Sin, death, and hell were now conquered.

· Jesus constantly shared His death and resurrection. This fact is often overlooked. The predictions in just the Gospel of John are given here.

The prophecies concerning His death alone.

· John 10:11 (NASB) 11 "I am the good shepherd; the good shepherd lays down His life for the sheep.

· John 12:31-33 (NASB) 31 "Now judgment is upon this world; now the ruler of this world will be cast out. 32 "And I, if I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all men to Myself." 33 But He was saying this to indicate the kind of death by which He was to die.

· John 13:33 (NASB) 33 "Little children, I am with you a little while longer. You will seek Me; and as I said to the Jews, now I also say to you, 'Where I am going, you cannot come.'

· John 15:12-14 (NASB) 12 "This is My commandment, that you love one another, just as I have loved you. 13 "Greater love has no one than this, that one lay down his life for his friends. 14 "You are My friends if you do what I command you.

· John 16:5-7 (NASB) 5 "But now I am going to Him who sent Me; and none of you asks Me, 'Where are You going?' 6 "But because I have said these things to you, sorrow has filled your heart. 7 "But I tell you the truth, it is to your advantage that I go away; for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you; but if I go, I will send Him to you.

· John 16:28 (NASB) 28 "I came forth from the Father and have come into the world; I am leaving the world again and going to the Father."

· John 17:11-13 (NASB) 11 "I am no longer in the world; and yet they themselves are in the world, and I come to You. Holy Father, keep them in Your name, the name which You have given Me, that they may be one even as We are. 12 "While I was with them, I was keeping them in Your name which You have given Me; and I guarded them and not one of them perished but the son of perdition, so that the Scripture would be fulfilled. 13 "But now I come to You; and these things I speak in the world so that they may have My joy made full in themselves.

The prophecies concerning the resurrection alone.

· John 6:61-62 (NASB) 61 But Jesus, conscious that His disciples grumbled at this, said to them, "Does this cause you to stumble? 62 "What then if you see the Son of Man ascending to where He was before?

· John 8:14 (NASB) 14 Jesus answered and said to them, "Even if I testify about Myself, My testimony is true, for I know where I came from and where I am going; but you do not know where I come from or where I am going.

· John 11:25-26 (NASB) 25 Jesus said to her, "I am the resurrection and the life; he who believes in Me will live even if he dies, 26 and everyone who lives and believes in Me will never die. Do you believe this?"

The prophecies concerning both His death and resurrection.

· John 7:33-36 (NASB) 33 Therefore Jesus said, "For a little while longer I am with you, then I go to Him who sent Me. 34 "You will seek Me, and will not find Me; and where I am, you cannot come." 35 The Jews then said to one another, "Where does this man intend to go that we will not find Him? He is not intending to go to the Dispersion among the Greeks, and teach the Greeks, is He? 36 "What is this statement that He said, 'You will seek Me, and will not find Me; and where I am, you cannot come'?"

· John 7:37-39 (NASB) 37 Now on the last day, the great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried out, saying, "If anyone is thirsty, let him come to Me and drink. 38 "He who believes in Me, as the Scripture said, 'From his innermost being will flow rivers of living water.'" 39 But this He spoke of the Spirit, whom those who believed in Him were to receive; for the Spirit was not yet given, because Jesus was not yet glorified.

· John 8:21-29 (NASB) 21 Then He said again to them, "I go away, and you will seek Me, and will die in your sin; where I am going, you cannot come." 22 So the Jews were saying, "Surely He will not kill Himself, will He, since He says, 'Where I am going, you cannot come'?" 23 And He was saying to them, "You are from below, I am from above; you are of this world, I am not of this world. 24 "Therefore I said to you that you will die in your sins; for unless you believe that I am He, you will die in your sins." 25 So they were saying to Him, "Who are You?" Jesus said to them, "What have I been saying to you from the beginning? 26 "I have many things to speak and to judge concerning you, but He who sent Me is true; and the things which I heard from Him, these I speak to the world." 27 They did not realize that He had been speaking to them about the Father. 28 So Jesus said, "When you lift up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am He, and I do nothing on My own initiative, but I speak these things as the Father taught Me. 29 "And He who sent Me is with Me; He has not left Me alone, for I always do the things that are pleasing to Him."

· John 10:17-18 (NASB) 17 "For this reason the Father loves Me, because I lay down My life so that I may take it again. 18 "No one has taken it away from Me, but I lay it down on My own initiative. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take it up again. This commandment I received from My Father."

· John 12:23-24 (NASB) 23 And Jesus *answered them, saying, "The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified. 24 "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it bears much fruit.

· John 13:31-32 (NASB) 31 Therefore when he had gone out, Jesus *said, "Now is the Son of Man glorified, and God is glorified in Him; 32 if God is glorified in Him, God will also glorify Him in Himself, and will glorify Him immediately.

· John 14:1-4 (NASB) 1 "Do not let your heart be troubled; believe in God, believe also in Me. 2 "In My Father's house are many dwelling places; if it were not so, I would have told you; for I go to prepare a place for you. 3 "If I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and receive you to Myself, that where I am, there you may be also. 4 "And you know the way where I am going."

· John 14:18-20 (NASB) 18 "I will not leave you as orphans; I will come to you. 19 "After a little while the world will no longer see Me, but you will see Me; because I live, you will live also. 20 "In that day you will know that I am in My Father, and you in Me, and I in you.

· John 14:28-30 (NASB) 28 "You heard that I said to you, 'I go away, and I will come to you.' If you loved Me, you would have rejoiced because I go to the Father, for the Father is greater than I. 29 "Now I have told you before it happens, so that when it happens, you may believe. 30 "I will not speak much more with you, for the ruler of the world is coming, and he has nothing in Me;

· John 16:16-22 (NASB) 16 "A little while, and you will no longer see Me; and again a little while, and you will see Me." 17 Some of His disciples then said to one another, "What is this thing He is telling us, 'A little while, and you will not see Me; and again a little while, and you will see Me'; and, 'because I go to the Father'?" 18 So they were saying, "What is this that He says, 'A little while'? We do not know what He is talking about." 19 Jesus knew that they wished to question Him, and He said to them, "Are you deliberating together about this, that I said, 'A little while, and you will not see Me, and again a little while, and you will see Me'? 20 "Truly, truly, I say to you, that you will weep and lament, but the world will rejoice; you will grieve, but your grief will be turned into joy. 21 "Whenever a woman is in labor she has pain, because her hour has come; but when she gives birth to the child, she no longer remembers the anguish because of the joy that a child has been born into the world. 22 "Therefore you too have grief now; but I will see you again, and your heart will rejoice, and no one will take your joy away from you.[12]

[1]Matt Carter and Josh Wredberg, Exalting Jesus in John (Nashville, TN: Holman Reference, 2017), 382. [2]Andrew Paterson, Opening Up John’s Gospel, Opening Up Commentary (Leominster: Day One Publications, 2010), 179. [3]Leadership Ministries Worldwide, The Gospel according to John, The Preacher’s Outline & Sermon Bible (Chattanooga, TN: Leadership Ministries Worldwide, 2004), 383. [4]Albert Barnes, Notes on the New Testament: Luke & John, ed. Robert Frew (London: Blackie & Son, 1884–1885), 377. [5]John F. MacArthur Jr., John 12–21, MacArthur New Testament Commentary (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2008), 380–381. [6]J. Ramsey Michaels, John, Understanding the Bible Commentary Series (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2011), 345. [7]Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21, vol. 25B, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 304. [8]Colin G. Kruse, John: An Introduction and Commentary, vol. 4, Tyndale New Testament Commentaries (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2003), 374–375. [9]Rod Mattoon, Treasures from John, vol. 2, Treasures from Scripture Series (Springfield, IL: Rod Mattoon, 2006), 357–358. [10]Tom Wright, John for Everyone, Part 2: Chapters 11-21 (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 2004), 149–150. [11]Rod Mattoon, Treasures from John, vol. 2, Treasures from Scripture Series (Springfield, IL: Rod Mattoon, 2006), 340–341. [12]Leadership Ministries Worldwide, The Gospel according to John, The Preacher’s Outline & Sermon Bible (Chattanooga, TN: Leadership Ministries Worldwide, 2004), 384–385.