Coming of Messiah

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The coming of a figure chosen and anointed by God to deliver and redeem his people. Anointing was seen as a sign of being chosen by God for a special task of leadership or responsibility. The OT looked ahead to the final coming of such a figure to usher in a new era in the history of the people of God; the NT sees this expectation fulfilled in the person and work of Jesus Christ.

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Anointing as a sign of being chosen by God

Anointing with oil

Leviticus 8:12 CEV

12 He also poured some of the oil on Aaron’s head to dedicate him to the Lord.

See also 1 Sa 16:12–13; 2 Sa 2:4; 2 Sa 5:3; 1 Ki 1:39; 2 Ki 9:6; Ps 89:20

Anointing with the Holy Spirit

Isaiah 61:1 CEV

See also Lk 4:18; Jdg 14:19; 1 Sa 11:6; 1 Sa 16:13; Is 11:2; Mt 12:18; Is 42:1

Anointing as a sign of national and spiritual leadership

Anointed to be king

1 Chronicles 29:22 CEV

22 The people were very happy, and they ate and drank there at the Lord’s altar. That same day, Solomon was crowned king. The people celebrated and poured olive oil on Solomon’s head to show that he would be their next king. They also poured oil on Zadok’s head to show that he was their priest.

See also Jdg 9:7–15; 1 Sa 9:16; 1 Sa 15:17; 2 Sa 19:10; 1 Ki 1:34; 2 Ki 9:3; 2 Ki 11:12; 2 Ch 22:7

Anointed to be priest

Exodus 40:13–15 CEV

13 Dress Aaron in the priestly clothes, then use the sacred olive oil to ordain him and dedicate him to me as my priest. 14 Put the priestly robes on Aaron’s sons 15 and ordain them in the same way, so they and their descendants will always be my priests.

See also Ex 28:41; Ex 29:7; Le 7:35–36; Le 16:32; Nu 3:3

Anointed to be judge

The coming of the Spirit on some of the judges is a spiritual anointing:

Jdg 3:10; Jdg 6:34; Jdg 11:29; Jdg 15:14

Anointed to be prophet

1 Ki 19:16; Is 48:16; Eze 11:5; Eze 37:1; Mic 3:8

The expectation of a future Messiah

The future anointed king

Ge 49:10; Is 16:5

See also Nu 24:17; 2 Sa 7:12–14; Ps 2:7–9; Ps 45:6–7; Ps 110:1–2; Ps 132:11–12; Is 9:6–7; Eze 37:24; Mic 5:2; Zec 9:9

The future anointed priest

Psalm 110:4 CEV

4 The Lord has made a promise that will never be broken: “You will be a priest forever, just like Melchizedek.”

The future anointed prophet

Isaiah 61:1–2 CEV

1 The Spirit of the Lord God has taken control of me! The Lord has chosen and sent me to tell the oppressed the good news, to heal the brokenhearted, and to announce freedom for prisoners and captives. 2 This is the year when the Lord God will show kindness to us and punish our enemies. The Lord has sent me to comfort those who mourn,

The future anointed judge

Is 2:4; Is 11:3–4; Mic 4:3

The future anointed servant of God

Isaiah 42:1–4 CEV

1 Here is my servant! I have made him strong. He is my chosen one; I am pleased with him. I have given him my Spirit, and he will bring justice to the nations. 2 He won’t shout or yell or call out in the streets. 3 He won’t break off a bent reed or put out a dying flame, but he will make sure that justice is done. 4 He won’t quit or give up until he brings justice everywhere on earth, and people in foreign nations long for his teaching.