You may not see what you know but know what you can not see

Enhanced Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon קָדַשׁ

consecrate by purification

Hebrews 12:7-11

New American Standard Bible: 1995 Update (Chapter 12)

7 It is for discipline that you endure; God deals with you as with sons; for what son is there whom his father does not discipline?8 But if you are without discipline, of which all have become partakers, then you are illegitimate children and not sons.9 Furthermore, we had earthly fathers to discipline us, and we respected them; shall we not much rather be subject to the Father of spirits, and live?10 For they disciplined us for a short time as seemed best to them, but He disciplines us for our good, so that we may share His holiness.11 All discipline for the moment seems not to be joyful, but sorrowful; yet to those who have been trained by it, afterwards it yields the peaceful fruit of righteousness.

Hebrews 12:14-17

New American Standard Bible: 1995 Update (Chapter 12)

14 Pursue peace with all men, and the sanctification without which no one will see the Lord.15 See to it that no one comes short of the grace of God; that no root of bitterness springing up causes trouble, and by it many be defiled;16 that there be no immoral or godless person like Esau, who sold his own birthright for a single meal.17 For you know that even afterwards, when he desired to inherit the blessing, he was rejected, for he found no place for repentance, though he sought for it with tears

Romans 6:22

New American Standard Bible: 1995 Update (Chapter 6)

22 But now having been freed from sin and enslaved to God, you derive your benefit, resulting in sanctification, and the outcome, eternal life.23 For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

Illegitimate: Counterfeit

JETHRO (יִתְרוֹ, yithro). Moses’ father-in-law. Also known as Reuel (רְעוּאֵל, re'u'el).

Jethro in the Bible

Jethro appears mainly in Exodus, and is the main character of Exodus 18:1–27. He had seven daughters, including Zipporah, Moses’ wife. After the exodus, Jethro advised Moses to delegate responsibility to avoid wearing himself out. His advice initiated a strategy for Israel to govern itself.

The biblical text appears to refer to Jethro by multiple names and titles:

• Jethro (Exod 3:1; 4:18; 18:1–2, 5–6, 9–10, 12)

• Jether (Exod 4:18)

• Reuel (“God’s friend”; Exod 2:18; Num 10:29)

• Hobab (Num 10:29; Judg 4:11)

• priest of Midian (Exod 2:16; 3:1; 18:1)

• a Midianite (Num 10:29)

• the Kenite (Judg 1:16; 4:11)

The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Jethro in the Bible)

Bible characters often had personal names, family names, tribe names, nicknames, post-conversion names, names with various spellings, or names earned for a special accomplishment. Jethro’s alternate names likely reflect this tradition.Numbers 10:29 describes Hobab as the son of Reuel the Midianite, Moses’ father-in-law, while Judg 4:11 seems to indicate that Hobab himself is Moses’ father-in-law. To account for the apparent contradiction, Albright explains that Reuel (a clan name) was the father of Jethro (Moses’ father-in-law) and that Hobab was Moses’ son-in-law. This requires reading Exodus 2:18 as “[Jethro, the son of] Reuel, their father,” and a revocalizing from “father-in-law” (חֹתֵן, chothen) to “son-in-law” (חָתָן, chathan) in Numbers 10:29 and Judg 1:16, 4:11 (“Jethro,” 5–7).

MOSES (מֹשֶׁה, mo sheh; Μωϋσῆς, Mōusēs). Name means “[is] born” [Egyptian] or “he who is drawn [from water].” Brother of Aaron the High Priest and Miriam. Leader of the Hebrew people in the 13th century bc. Chosen by God to lead the Hebrew people from Egypt to Canaan. Speaks to God “face to face, as one speaks to a friend” (Exod 33:11 NRSV). He receives the Law of God on Mount Sinai and builds a tabernacle according to God’s instruction. Moses acts as an intermediary between God and the people for 40 years, but dies before entering the promised land.

Moses in the Torah

The Pre-Exodus Years

Moses, a Hebrew by birth, spends the first 80 years of his life living in Pharaoh’s house and herding sheep in the land of Midian.

Moses was born during the 400 years when the Hebrews were slaves in Egypt (Gen 15:13; Exod 12:40–42). His biological parents, Amram and Jochebed, are from the tribe of Levi (Exod 2:1; 6:16–20; 7:7; Num 26:59; 1 Chr 6:3; 23:12–14). Moses also had an older sister, Miriam, and an older brother, Aaron.

• Exod 1:15–22—Pharaoh issues a decree demanding that every newborn Hebrew son be thrown into the Nile.

Exodus 2:15-25 and Exodus 3:1-10

New American Standard Bible: 1995 Update (Chapter 2)

15 When Pharaoh heard of this matter, he tried to kill Moses. But Moses fled from the presence of Pharaoh and settled in the land of Midian, and he sat down by a well.16 Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters; and they came to draw water and filled the troughs to water their father’s flock.17 Then the shepherds came and drove them away, but Moses stood up and helped them and watered their flock.18 When they came to Reuel their father, he said, “Why have you come back so soon today?”19 So they said, “An Egyptian delivered us from the hand of the shepherds, and what is more, he even drew the water for us and watered the flock.”20 He said to his daughters, “Where is he then? Why is it that you have left the man behind? Invite him to have something to eat.”21 Moses was willing to dwell with the man, and he gave his daughter Zipporah to Moses.22 Then she gave birth to a son, and he named him Gershom, for he said, “I have been a sojourner in a foreign land.”23 Now it came about in the course of those many days that the king of Egypt died. And the sons of Israel sighed because of the bondage, and they cried out; and their cry for help because of their bondage rose up to God.24 So God heard their groaning; and God remembered His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.25 God saw the sons of Israel, and God took notice of them.

Chapter 3

The Burning Bush1 Now Moses was pasturing the flock of Jethro his father-in-law, the priest of Midian; and he led the flock to the west side of the wilderness and came to Horeb, the mountain of God.2 The angel of the LORD appeared to him in a blazing fire from the midst of a bush; and he looked, and behold, the bush was burning with fire, yet the bush was not consumed.3 So Moses said, “aI must turn aside now and see this marvelous sight, why the bush is not burned up.”4 When the LORD saw that he turned aside to look, God called to him from the midst of the bush and said, “Moses, Moses!” And he said, “Here I am.”5 Then He said, “Do not come near here; remove your sandals from your feet, for the place on which you are standing is holy ground.”6 He said also, “I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” Then Moses hid his face, for he was afraid to look at God.7 The LORD said, “I have surely seen the affliction of My people who are in Egypt, and have given heed to their cry because of their taskmasters, for I am aware of their sufferings.8 “So I have come down to deliver them from the power of the Egyptians, and to bring them up from that land to a good and spacious land, to a land flowing with milk and honey, to the place of the Canaanite and the Hittite and the Amorite and the Perizzite and the Hivite and the Jebusite.9 “Now, behold, the cry of the sons of Israel has come to Me; furthermore, I have seen the oppression with which the Egyptians are oppressing them.The Mission of Moses10 “Therefore, come now, and I will send you to Pharaoh, so that you may bring My people, the sons of Israel, out of Egypt.”

Lexham Survey of Theology (God’s Grace)

God’s grace is unmerited divine favor, a favor from which comes many gifts.

God’s grace flows out of his inter-Trinitarian, gift-giving life. Even in humanity’s fallen state, God freely grants to his creatures good things they do not deserve. The greatest of these goods is Jesus Christ.The bold thread of grace in the Bible is a distinctive marker of Christianity, one that sets it apart from other religions. J. Gresham Machen noted, “The very center and core of the whole Bible is the doctrine of the grace of God.” The works of God in creation as well as his covenants, his promises, his word, and his work of redemption all spring from his grace. All we have is due to grace, but, as Michael Horton says, grace itself is “not a third thing or substance,” for “in grace, God gives nothing less than Himself.”God’s grace toward mankind arises from the fullness of his being. He is gracious. When God appeared to Moses he declared his name, Yahweh, the I AM, as the sum of his eternal being. This nature includes his graciousness: “The Lord, the Lord, a God merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness” (Exod 34:6). J. I. Packer suggests that grace is simply God’s love demonstrated toward those who deserve the opposite. God’s grace is his gift-giving life, and the gift is himself.The grace of Yahweh is not a reaction to our creaturely ways but the extension of God eternally giving himself as Father, Son, and Spirit. Jesus Christ brought to man the grace he was already as the eternal Son within the Trinity (“full of grace and truth,” John 1:14–18). Thus, in receiving “the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ” we participate in divine fullness of “the love of God and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit” (2 Cor 13:13).