Part 9: Kingdom Expectation: The Minor Prophets

Introducing the Minor Prophets

The so-called “Minor Prophets” span a larger length of time in the Old Testament Scriptures than do their more voluminous colleagues (though in same cases they were contemporaries). Their messages are characterized by poignant and cutting indictments of Israel’s moral and covenantal failings, paired with a consistent theme of restoration, salvation, and a coming kingdom.

The Kingdom Revelation of the Minor Prophets

Pre-Exilic Prophets

Hosea

They will come in the last days

Hosea 3:4–5 (LSB)

For the sons of Israel will remain for many days without king or prince, without sacrifice or sacred pillar, and without ephod or household idols.

Afterward the sons of Israel will return and seek Yahweh their God and David their king; and they will come in dread to Yahweh and to His goodness in the last days.

Yahweh will roar like a lion

Hosea 11:8–11 (LSB)

How can I give you up, O Ephraim?

How can I surrender you, O Israel?

How can I give you over to be like Admah?

How can I make you like Zeboiim?

My heart is turned over within Me;

All My compassions are stirred.

I will not execute My burning anger;

I will not make Ephraim a ruin again.

For I am God and not man, the Holy One in your midst,

And I will not come in wrath.

They will walk after Yahweh;

He will roar like a lion;

Indeed, He will roar,

And His sons will come trembling from the west.

They will come trembling like birds from Egypt

And like doves from the land of Assyria;

And I will settle them in their houses, declares Yahweh.

Joel

Oh land, rejoice

Joel 2:21–27 (LSB)

Do not fear, O land, rejoice and be glad,

For Yahweh has done great things.

Do not fear, beasts of the field,

For the pastures of the wilderness have turned green,

For the tree has borne its fruit;

The fig tree and the vine have yielded their full force.

So rejoice, O sons of Zion,

And be glad in Yahweh your God,

For He has given you the early rain in righteousness.

And He has poured down for you the rain,

The early and late rains as before.

The threshing floors will be full of grain,

And the vats will overflow with the new wine and oil.

“Then I will pay back to you in full for the years

That the swarming locust has consumed,

The creeping locust, the stripping locust, and the gnawing locust,

My great military force which I sent among you.

“And you will have plenty to consume and be satisfied

And praise the name of Yahweh your God,

Who has dealt wondrously with you;

Then My people will never be put to shame.

“Thus you will know that I am in the midst of Israel,

And that I am Yahweh your God,

And there is no other;

And My people will never be put to shame.

I will pour out my spirit

Joel 2:28–3:2 (LSB)

“And it will be afterwards

That I will pour out My Spirit on all mankind;

And your sons and your daughters shall prophesy;

Your old men will dream dreams;

Your young men will see visions.

“Even on the male slaves and female slaves

I will in those days pour out My Spirit.

“And I will put wonders in the sky and on the earth,

Blood, fire, and columns of smoke.

“The sun will be turned into darkness

And the moon into blood

Before the great and awesome day of Yahweh comes.

“And it will be that everyone who calls on the name of Yahweh

Will be delivered;

For on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem

There will be those who escape,

As Yahweh has said,

Even among the survivors whom Yahweh calls.

“For behold, in those days and at that time,

When I restore the fortunes of Judah and Jerusalem,

I will gather all the nations

And bring them down to the valley of Jehoshaphat.

Then I will enter into judgment with them there

On behalf of My people and My inheritance, Israel,

Whom they have scattered among the nations;

And they have divided up My land.

The Day of Yahweh is Near

Joel 3:9–17 (LSB)

Call out this message among the nations:

Set yourselves apart for a war; rouse the mighty men!

Let all the men of war approach, let them come up!

Beat your plowshares into swords

And your pruning hooks into spears;

Let the weak say, “I am a mighty man.”

Hasten and come, all you surrounding nations,

And gather yourselves.

There, bring down, O Yahweh, Your mighty ones.

Let the nations be roused up

And come up to the valley of Jehoshaphat,

For there I will sit to judge

All the surrounding nations.

Send in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe.

Come, tread, for the wine press is full;

The vats overflow, for their evil is great.

Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision!

For the day of Yahweh is near in the valley of decision.

The sun and moon grow dark,

And the stars lose their brightness.

And Yahweh roars from Zion

And gives forth His voice from Jerusalem,

And the heavens and the earth quake.

But Yahweh is a refuge for His people

And a strong defense to the sons of Israel.

Then you will know that I am Yahweh your God,

Dwelling in Zion, My holy mountain.

So Jerusalem will be holy,

And strangers will pass through it no more.

Yahweh dwells in Zion

Joel 3:18–21 (LSB)

And it will be in that day,

That the mountains will drip with sweet wine,

And the hills will flow with milk,

And all the brooks of Judah will flow with water;

And a spring will go out from the house of Yahweh

To water the valley of Shittim.

Egypt will become a desolation,

And Edom will become a desolate wilderness,

Because of the violence done to the sons of Judah,

In whose land they have shed innocent blood.

But Judah will be inhabited forever

And Jerusalem from generation to generation.

And I will avenge their blood which I have not avenged,

Indeed, Yahweh dwells in Zion.

Amos

I will raise up the house of David

Amos 9:11–15 (LSB)

“In that day I will raise up the fallen booth of David

And wall up its breaches;

I will also raise up its ruins

And rebuild it as in the ancient days,

That they may possess the remnant of Edom

And all the nations who are called by My name,”

Declares Yahweh who does this.

“Behold, days are coming,” declares Yahweh,

“When the plowman will overtake the reaper

And the treader of grapes him who sows seed;

When the mountains will drip sweet wine

And all the hills will melt.

“Also I will restore the captivity of My people Israel,

And they will rebuild the desolated cities and live in them;

They will also plant vineyards and drink their wine

And make gardens and eat their fruit.

“I will also plant them on their land,

And they will not again be uprooted from their land

Which I have given them,”

Says Yahweh your God.

Obadiah

The Kingdom will belong to Yahweh

Obadiah 15–21 (LSB)

“For the day of Yahweh draws near on all the nations.

As you have done, it will be done to you.

Your dealings will return on your own head.

“Because just as you all drank on My holy mountain,

All the nations will drink continually.

They will drink and swallow,

And they will be as if they never were.

“But on Mount Zion there will be those who escape,

And it will be holy.

And the house of Jacob will possess their possessions.

“Then the house of Jacob will be a fire

And the house of Joseph a flame;

But the house of Esau will be as stubble.

And they will set them on fire and consume them

So that there will be no survivor of the house of Esau,”

For Yahweh has spoken.

Then those of the Negev will possess the mountain of Esau,

And those of the Shephelah, the Philistine plain;

And they will possess the territory of Ephraim and the territory of Samaria,

And Benjamin will possess Gilead.

And the exiles of this military force of the sons of Israel,

Who are among the Canaanites as far as Zarephath,

And the exiles of Jerusalem who are in Sepharad,

Will possess the cities of the Negev.

And the saviors will ascend Mount Zion

To judge the mountain of Esau,

And the kingdom will belong to Yahweh.

Zephaniah

The King of Israel, Yahweh, is in your midst

Zephaniah 3:8–20 (LSB)

“Therefore wait for Me,” declares Yahweh,

“For the day when I rise up as a witness.

Indeed, My judgment is to assemble nations,

To gather kingdoms,

To pour out on them My indignation,

All My burning anger;

For all the earth will be devoured

By the fire of My zeal.

“For then I will change them to peoples with purified lips,

That all of them may call on the name of Yahweh,

To serve Him shoulder to shoulder.

“From beyond the rivers of Ethiopia

My worshipers, My scattered ones,

Will bring My offerings.

“In that day you will feel no shame

Because of all your deeds

By which you have transgressed against Me;

For then I will remove from your midst

Your proud, exulting ones,

And you will never again be haughty

On My holy mountain.

“But I will cause to remain in your midst

A lowly and poor people,

And they will take refuge in the name of Yahweh.

“The remnant of Israel will do no injustice

And not speak falsehood,

Nor will a deceitful tongue

Be found in their mouths;

For they will feed and lie down

With no one to make them tremble.”

Sing for joy, O daughter of Zion!

Make a loud shout, O Israel!

Be glad and exult with all your heart,

O daughter of Jerusalem!

Yahweh has taken away His judgments against you;

He has cleared away your enemies.

The King of Israel, Yahweh, is in your midst;

You will fear evil no more.

In that day it will be said to Jerusalem:

“Do not fear, O Zion;

Do not let your hands fall limp.

“Yahweh your God is in your midst,

A mighty one who will save.

He will be joyful over you with gladness;

He will be quiet in His love;

He will rejoice over you with joyful singing.

“I will assemble those who grieve about the appointed feasts—

They were from you, O Zion;

The reproach of exile is a burden on them.

“Behold, I am going to deal at that time

With all those who afflict you,

And I will save the lame

And gather the banished,

And I will turn them—in their shame—into praise and a name

In all the earth.

“At that time I will bring you in,

Even at the time when I gather you together;

Indeed, I will give you to be a name and praise

Among all the peoples of the earth,

When I restore your fortunes before your eyes,”

Says Yahweh.

Micah

I will gather the remnant

Micah 2:12–13 (LSB)

“I will surely assemble all of you, Jacob;

I will surely gather the remnant of Israel.

I will put them together like sheep in the fold;

Like a flock in the midst of its pasture

They will be noisy with men.

“The breaker goes up before them;

They break out, pass through the gate, and go out by it.

So their king goes on before them,

And Yahweh at their head.”

The head of the mountains

(Cf Isaiah 2:1-14)

Micah 4:1–5 (LSB)

Now it will be that in the last days

The mountain of the house of Yahweh

Will be established as the head of the mountains,

And will be lifted up above the hills,

And the peoples will stream to it.

And many nations will come and say,

“Come and let us go up to the mountain of Yahweh

And to the house of the God of Jacob,

That He may instruct us from His ways

And that we may walk in His paths.”

For from Zion will go forth the law,

And the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem.

And He will judge between many peoples

And will render decisions for mighty, distant nations.

And they will hammer their swords into plowshares

And their spears into pruning hooks;

Nation will not lift up sword against nation,

And never again will they learn war.

And each of them will sit under his vine

And under his fig tree,

With no one to make them tremble,

For the mouth of Yahweh of hosts has spoken.

Though all the peoples walk

Each in the name of his god,

As for us, we will walk

In the name of Yahweh our God forever and ever.

Micah 4:6–8 (LSB)

“In that day,” declares Yahweh,

“I will assemble the lame

And gather the banished,

Even those upon whom I have brought calamity.

“I will make the lame a remnant

And the outcasts a mighty nation,

And Yahweh will reign over them in Mount Zion

From now on and forever.

“And as for you, tower of the flock,

Hill of the daughter of Zion,

To you it will come—

Even the former dominion will come,

The kingdom of the daughter of Jerusalem.

From you One will go forth for Me to be a ruler in Israel

Micah 5:2–6 (LSB)

“But as for you, Bethlehem Ephrathah,

Too little to be among the clans of Judah,

From you One will go forth for Me to be ruler in Israel.

His goings forth are from everlasting,

From the ancient days.”

Therefore He will give them up until the time

When she who is in childbirth has borne a child.

Then the remainder of His brothers

Will return to the sons of Israel.

And He will stand and shepherd His flock

In the strength of Yahweh,

In the majesty of the name of Yahweh His God.

And they will remain

Because at that time He will be great

To the ends of the earth.

And this One will be peace.

When the Assyrian enters our land,

When he treads on our citadels,

Then we will raise against him

Seven shepherds and eight princes of men.

And they will shepherd the land of Assyria with the sword,

The land of Nimrod at its entrances;

And He will deliver us from the Assyrian

When he enters our land

And when he treads within our borders.

Post-Exilic Prophets

Haggai

I will fill this house with glory

Haggai 2:6–9 (LSB)

“For thus says Yahweh of hosts, ‘Once more—in a little while—I am going to shake the heavens and the earth, the sea also and the dry land.

‘And I will shake all the nations; and they will come with the desirable things of all nations, and I will fill this house with glory,’ says Yahweh of hosts.

‘The silver is Mine, and the gold is Mine,’ declares Yahweh of hosts.

‘The latter glory of this house will be greater than the former,’ says Yahweh of hosts, ‘and in this place I will give peace,’ declares Yahweh of hosts.”

Zechariah

I am coming

Zechariah 2:6–12 (LSB)

“Ho there! Flee from the land of the north,” declares Yahweh, “for I have dispersed you as the four winds of the heavens,” declares Yahweh.

“Woe, Zion! Escape, you who are living with the daughter of Babylon.”

For thus says Yahweh of hosts, “After glory He has sent me against the nations which have taken you as spoil, for he who touches you, touches the apple of His eye.

“For behold, I will wave My hand over them so that they will be spoil for their slaves. Then you will know that Yahweh of hosts has sent Me.

“Sing for joy and be glad, O daughter of Zion; for behold,9” declares Yahweh.

“And many nations will join themselves to Yahweh in that day and will become My people. Then I will dwell in your midst, and you will know that Yahweh of hosts has sent Me to you.

“Then Yahweh will inherit Judah as His portion in the holy land and will again choose Jerusalem.

My Servant the Branch

Zechariah 3:8–10 LSB

‘Now listen, Joshua the high priest, you and your friends who are sitting in front of you—indeed they are men who are a wondrous sign, for behold, I am going to bring in My servant the Branch. ‘For behold, the stone that I have put before Joshua; on one stone are seven eyes. Behold, I will engrave an inscription on it,’ declares Yahweh of hosts, ‘and I will remove the iniquity of that land in one day. ‘In that day,’ declares Yahweh of hosts, ‘every one of you will call for his neighbor to sit under his vine and under his fig tree.’”

Zechariah 6:9–13 LSB

And the word of Yahweh came to me, saying, “Take an offering from the exiles, from Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah; and you come the same day and come into the house of Josiah the son of Zephaniah, where they have come from Babylon. “And take silver and gold, make an ornate crown, and set it on the head of Joshua the son of Jehozadak, the high priest. “Then you will say to him, ‘Thus says Yahweh of hosts, “Behold, a man whose name is Branch, and He will branch out from where He is; and He will build the temple of Yahweh. “Indeed, it is He who will build the temple of Yahweh, and He who will bear the splendor and sit and rule on His throne. Thus, He will be a priest on His throne, and the counsel of peace will be between the two offices.”’

Joshua identified as a sign

Branch - Davidic line

King and priest (Psalm 110)

Dominion mandate - man created to rule over creation in a mediatorial (priestly) capacity

Jerusalem, the City of Truth

Zechariah 8:1–8 (LSB)

Then the word of Yahweh of hosts came, saying,

“Thus says Yahweh of hosts, ‘I am jealous with great jealousy for Zion, and with great wrath I am jealous for her.’

“Thus says Yahweh, ‘I will return to Zion and will dwell in the midst of Jerusalem. Then Jerusalem will be called the City of Truth, and the mountain of Yahweh of hosts will be called the Holy Mountain.’

“Thus says Yahweh of hosts, ‘Old men and old women will again sit in the streets of Jerusalem, each man with his staff in his hand because of age.

‘And the streets of the city will be filled with boys and girls playing in its streets.’

“Thus says Yahweh of hosts, ‘If it is too difficult in the sight of the remnant of this people in those days, will it also be too difficult in My sight?’ declares Yahweh of hosts.

“Thus says Yahweh of hosts, ‘Behold, I am going to save My people from the land where the sun rises and from the land where the sun sets;

and I will bring them back, and they will dwell in the midst of Jerusalem; and they shall be My people, and I will be their God in truth and righteousness.’

Jealous with great wrath

God will dwell in Jerusalem - city of truth

Zion - holy hill (Psalm 2:6, Isaiah 2:2-3)

Elderly will live to great ages, enjoy their golden years

Young people will play in security, joyfulness

Glimpses of the kingdom of God

Chiastic structure in verse 6:

YHWH of hosts

it is too difficult in your sight

in those days

Will it be difficult in my sight

YHWH of hosts

“Bring them back” - post-exilic expectation of a future return to the land

“Dwell in the midst” - as Yahweh dwells in the midst of Jerusalem, so will his people.

We have heard that God is with you

Zechariah 8:20–23 (LSB)

“Thus says Yahweh of hosts, ‘It will yet be that peoples will come, even the inhabitants of many cities.

‘The inhabitants of one will go to another, saying, “Let us go at once to entreat the favor of Yahweh and to seek Yahweh of hosts; I will also go.”

‘So many peoples and mighty nations will come to seek Yahweh of hosts in Jerusalem and to entreat the favor of Yahweh.’

“Thus says Yahweh of hosts, ‘In those days ten men from every tongue of the nations will take hold of the garment of a Jew, saying, “Let us go with you, for we have heard that God is with you.”’”

Nations streaming to Jerusalem; Isaiah 2; cf Haggai 2:6-9

Haggai 2:6–9 LSB

“For thus says Yahweh of hosts, ‘Once more—in a little while—I am going to shake the heavens and the earth, the sea also and the dry land. ‘And I will shake all the nations; and they will come with the desirable things of all nations, and I will fill this house with glory,’ says Yahweh of hosts. ‘The silver is Mine, and the gold is Mine,’ declares Yahweh of hosts. ‘The latter glory of this house will be greater than the former,’ says Yahweh of hosts, ‘and in this place I will give peace,’ declares Yahweh of hosts.”

Bringing of desirable things from all nations to the temple

God’s purposes in nations, cultures

Man’s creativity and productivity glorifies God - dominion mandate

End of antisemitism

Your King is coming

Zechariah 9:9–10 (LSB)

Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion!

Make a loud shout, O daughter of Jerusalem!

Behold, your king is coming to you;

He is righteous and endowed with salvation,

Lowly and mounted on a donkey,

Even on a colt, the foal of a pack animal.

I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim

And the horse from Jerusalem;

And the bow of war will be cut off.

And He will speak peace to the nations;

And His reign will be from sea to sea

And from the River to the ends of the earth.

Coming of the Messiah

Hints of something “off” - coming lowly, humbly, - contrast with prophecies of coming with power and signs and vanquishing his foes

End of war

Worldwide reign - “from the river to the sea”

Because of the blood of your covenant

Zechariah 9:11–17 (LSB)

As for you also, because of the blood of your covenant,

I have set your prisoners free from the waterless pit.

Return to the stronghold, O prisoners who have the hope;

This very day I am declaring that I will return double to you.

For I will bend Judah as My bow;

I will fill the bow with Ephraim.

And I will rouse up your sons, O Zion, against your sons, O Greece;

And I will make you like a mighty man’s sword.

Then Yahweh will appear over them,

And His arrow will go forth like lightning;

And Lord Yahweh will blow the trumpet

And will go in the storm winds of the south.

Yahweh of hosts will defend them.

And they will consume and trample on the stones of a sling;

And they will drink and roar as with wine;

And they will be filled like a sacrificial bowl,

Drenched like the corners of the altar.

And Yahweh their God will save them in that day

As the flock of His people;

For they are as the stones of a crown,

Sparkling in His land.

For what goodness and what beauty will be theirs!

Grain will make the choice men flourish, and new wine the virgins.

Yahweh will defend Jerusalem

Zechariah 12:6–9 (LSB)

“In that day I will make the clans of Judah like a fiery laver among pieces of wood and a fiery torch among sheaves, so they will consume on the right hand and on the left all the surrounding peoples, while Jerusalem will again be inhabited in its own place—in Jerusalem.

“Yahweh also will save the tents of Judah first so that the glory of the house of David and the glory of the inhabitants of Jerusalem will not be magnified above Judah.

“In that day Yahweh will defend the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and the one who stumbles among them in that day will be like David, and the house of David will be like God, like the angel of Yahweh before them.

“And it will be in that day, that I will seek to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem.

MCU has nothing on this

Nations are brought against Israel for their own judgement (contrast the Conquest under Joshua, when the iniquity of the nations reached a point where God sanctioned holy war to destroy them, with Israel as his instrument). Divine history rhymes/reflects

They will look on Me whom they have pierced

Zechariah 12:10–14 (LSB)

“And I will pour out on the house of David and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem the Spirit of grace and of supplication, so that they will look on Me whom they have pierced; and they will mourn for Him, as one mourns for an only son, and they will weep bitterly over Him like the bitter weeping over a firstborn.

“In that day there will be great mourning in Jerusalem, like the mourning of Hadadrimmon in the plain of Megiddo.

“And the land will mourn, each family alone; the family of the house of David alone and their wives alone; the family of the house of Nathan alone and their wives alone;

the family of the house of Levi alone and their wives alone; the family of the Shimeites alone and their wives alone;

all the families that remain, each family alone and their wives alone.

Scene change: from the battle and glory to a realization

Pouring out of grace - New Covenant language - regeneration leads to realization/repentance

Imagine the moment: the heat and passion of battle, the sudden appearance of divine aid, the thrill of victory, adrenaline coursing through veins, and then as the smoke clears and the Savior comes into view…. And they *know* who He is

Lament like the mourning in Megiddo - unclear what this refers to, possibly an allusion to the death of king Josiah

Individual lament - new covenant salvation is individual, as well as for for the whole nation

Yahweh is their God

Zechariah 13:7–9 (LSB)

“Awake, O sword, against My Shepherd

And against the man, My Associate,”

Declares Yahweh of hosts.

“Strike the Shepherd that the sheep may be scattered;

And I will turn My hand against the little ones.

“And it will be in all the land,”

Declares Yahweh,

“That two parts in it will be cut off and breathe their last;

But the third will be left in it.

“And I will bring the third part through the fire

And refine them as silver is refined

And test them as gold is tested.

They will call on My name,

And I will answer them;

I will say, ‘They are My people,’

And they will say, ‘Yahweh is my God.’”

How was Messiah pierced?

Divinely-appointed woulds (cf Isaiah 53)

Striking of the Shepherd leads to the scattering of the sheep - a second exile

2/3 of the nation would perish - but a remnant will be saved

Purified/refined - new covenant language

Personal relationship with God

Yahweh God will come, and all the holy ones with him

Zechariah 14:1–5 (LSB)

Behold, a day is coming for Yahweh when the spoil taken from you will be divided among you.

Indeed, I will gather all the nations against Jerusalem to battle, and the city will be captured, the houses plundered, the women ravished, and half of the city will go forth in exile, but those left of the people will not be cut off from the city.

Then Yahweh will go forth and fight against those nations, as the day when He fights on a day of battle.

And in that day His feet will stand on the Mount of Olives, which is in front of Jerusalem on the east; and the Mount of Olives will be split in its middle from east to west by a very large valley so that half of the mountain will move toward the north and the other half toward the south.

And you will flee by the valley of My mountains, for the valley of the mountains will reach to Azel; indeed, you will flee just as you fled before the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah. Then Yahweh, my God, will come, and all the holy ones with Him!

Narrative backs up - we are looking at the events of the Day of Yahweh and the coming of Messiah, with a special focus on Jerusalem’s vicinity

Time of Jacob’s trouble (but a remnant saved)

Geographical/topographical effects of the Day of Yahweh (cf…)

Holy ones - saints? Angels?

A day which is known to Yahweh

Zechariah 14:6–8 (LSB)

And it will be in that day, that there will be no light; the luminaries will dwindle.

And it will be a unique day which is known to Yahweh, neither day nor night, but it will be that at evening time there will be light.

And it will be in that day, that living waters will flow out of Jerusalem, half of them toward the eastern sea and the other half toward the western sea; it will be in summer as well as in winter.

Living waters flow out of Jerusalem - cf Ezekiel 47 (also Revelation 22)

Yahweh will be king over all the Earth

Zechariah 14:9–21 (LSB)

And Yahweh will be king over all the earth; in that day Yahweh will be the only one, and His name one.

All the land will be changed into a plain from Geba to Rimmon south of Jerusalem; but Jerusalem will rise and inhabit its site from Benjamin’s Gate as far as the place of the First Gate to the Corner Gate, and from the Tower of Hananel to the king’s wine presses.

And people will inhabit it, and there will no longer be anything devoted to destruction, for Jerusalem will be inhabited in security.

Now this will be the plague with which Yahweh will plague all the peoples who have gone to war against Jerusalem; their flesh will rot while they stand on their feet, and their eyes will rot in their sockets, and their tongue will rot in their mouth.

And it will be in that day, that abundant confusion from Yahweh will fall on them; and they will take hold of one another’s hand, and the hand of one will go up against the hand of another.

And Judah also will fight at Jerusalem; and the wealth of all the surrounding nations will be gathered, gold and silver and garments in great abundance.

And in the same way, the plague on the horse, the mule, the camel, the donkey, and all the cattle that will be in those camps will be like this plague.

Then it will be that any who are left of all the nations that went against Jerusalem will go up from year to year to worship the King, Yahweh of hosts, and to celebrate the Feast of Booths.

And it will be that whichever of the families of the earth does not go up to Jerusalem to worship the King, Yahweh of hosts, there will be no rain on them.

And if the family of Egypt does not go up or enter, then no rain will fall on them; it will be the plague with which Yahweh plagues the nations who do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Booths.

This will be the punishment of Egypt, and the punishment of all the nations who do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Booths.

In that day there will be inscribed on the bells of the horses, “Holy to Yahweh.” And the pots in the house of Yahweh will be like the bowls before the altar.

And every pot in Jerusalem and in Judah will be holy to Yahweh of hosts; and all who sacrifice will come and take of them and boil in them. And there will no longer be a Canaanite in the house of Yahweh of hosts in that day.

Total exaltation/glorification of Yahweh

Reference to Shema - without “our God” - Yahweh is God of all nations

The land will change - Jerusalem exalted

wealth of nations brought to Jerusalem

Global worship of Yahweh

Possibility of disobedience and consequence (cf Iaiah 65)

Feast of booths

All things holy

Canaanite - type for ungodly, dishonest, pagan (not foreigners, as all nations are unified under Yahweh and will come to the house of God to workshop and give tribute)

Malachi

Yahweh does not change

Malachi 3:1–6 (LSB)

“Behold, I am going to send My messenger, and he will prepare the way before Me. And the Lord, whom you seek, will suddenly come to His temple; and the messenger of the covenant, in whom you delight, behold, He is coming,” says Yahweh of hosts.

“But who can endure the day of His coming? And who can stand when He appears? For He is like a smelter’s fire and like fullers’ soap.

“And He will sit as a smelter and purifier of silver, and He will purify the sons of Levi and refine them like gold and silver, so that they may present to Yahweh offerings in righteousness.

“Then the offering of Judah and Jerusalem will be pleasing to Yahweh as in the ancient days and as in former years.

“Then I will draw near to you for judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers and against the adulterers and against those who swear falsely and against those who oppress the wage earner in his wages, the widow and the orphan, and those who turn aside the sojourner and do not fear Me,” says Yahweh of hosts.

“For I, Yahweh, do not change; therefore you, O sons of Jacob, are not consumed.