On the Incarnation by Athanasius. Men’s Bible Study

"On the Incarnation" is a profound theological treatise authored by the revered Saint Athanasius, a towering figure in early Christian theology. Written in the fourth century, during a period marked by theological controversies and doctrinal debates, this seminal work stands as a cornerstone in the development of Christian thought. Athanasius, the Patriarch of Alexandria, undertakes the formidable task of articulating and defending the central Christian doctrine of the Incarnation—the profound mystery of God becoming man in the person of Jesus Christ. In this timeless work, Saint Athanasius addresses the pivotal issues surrounding the nature of Christ, the purpose of the Incarnation, and its implications for salvation. He grapples with questions that have captivated the minds of theologians throughout the ages, exploring the divine reasons behind the Word of God taking on human flesh. Athanasius passionately argues for the necessity of the Incarnation in the redemption of humanity, presenting a compelling case rooted in Scripture and tradition. "On the Incarnation" is not merely a theological treatise; it is a robust defense of orthodox Christian belief against the challenges posed by heresies of the time, particularly Arianism. Athanasius skillfully weaves together biblical exegesis, philosophical reasoning, and deep spiritual insight to present a cohesive and persuasive narrative that has left an indelible mark on Christian theology.

What is Arianism?

Arianism: an influential heresy denying the divinity of Christ, originating with the Alexandrian priest Arius ( c. 250– c. 336). Arianism maintained that the Son of God was created by the Father and was therefore neither coeternal with the Father, nor consubstantial.

As we delve into the pages of this enduring work, we encounter the intellectual prowess and unwavering conviction of Saint Athanasius, a champion of Nicene orthodoxy. "On the Incarnation" invites readers to contemplate the profound mystery of God's redemptive plan and serves as an enduring source of inspiration for those seeking to deepen their understanding of the Christian faith.

In "On the Incarnation" by St. Athanasius, the major themes of "The Divine Dilemma and Its Solution" revolve around the profound theological concepts of the Incarnation—the act of God becoming human in the person of Jesus Christ. Athanasius addresses several key themes within this context, exploring the challenges faced by humanity, the divine response to these challenges, and the ultimate resolution found in the Incarnation. Here are the major themes:

The Problem of Human Corruption:

Athanasius begins by examining the state of humanity marked by corruption, decay, and the consequences of sin. He explores the theological problem of how humanity, created in the image of God, became subject to corruption and death.

2. The Divine Dilemma:

The dilemma Athanasius presents revolves around the justice of God and the dilemma posed by the violation of the divine order. How can God, who is just and righteous, overlook the corruption and disobedience of humanity? The divine dilemma emphasizes the tension between God's justice and mercy.

3. The Word Incarnate as the Solution:

Athanasius argues that the solution to the divine dilemma is found in the Incarnation—the Word of God taking on human flesh in the person of Jesus Christ. The divine solution involves the Word, who is fully God, entering the human condition to restore and redeem humanity.

4. The Renewal of the Image of God:

The Incarnation, according to Athanasius, is the means by which the image of God in humanity is renewed. Christ, as the perfect image of the Father, restores the divine likeness in human beings, enabling them to fulfill their original purpose.

5. The Paradox of the Incarnation:

Athanasius grapples with the paradoxical nature of the Incarnation—the union of divine and human natures in the person of Christ. This theme explores the mystery and complexity of God becoming fully human while remaining fully divine.

6. Atonement and Redemption:

The Incarnation is presented as the essential step in God's plan for atonement and redemption. Athanasius delves into the salvific work of Christ, emphasizing how the Son of God's sacrifice on the Cross reconciles humanity with God and offers the possibility of eternal life.

7. Confronting Heresies, Especially Arianism:

Athanasius addresses theological controversies of his time, notably the Arian heresy, which denied the full divinity of Christ. The themes in this section include defending the orthodox understanding of Christ's nature and refuting deviations from Nicene orthodoxy.

8. Biblical Foundation:

Throughout these themes, Athanasius relies heavily on biblical exegesis to support his arguments. The narrative of the Bible serves as the foundational framework for understanding the divine dilemma and its resolution in the Incarnation.

In summary, "The Divine Dilemma and Its Solution" in "On the Incarnation" is a rich exploration of theological themes that delve into the human condition, the challenges posed by sin, and the divine remedy found in the Incarnation of Jesus Christ—a pivotal event that reshapes the course of human history and offers redemption and reconciliation with God.

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The Nature of the Divine Dilemma:

How does Athanasius articulate the problem faced by humanity, and what are the theological implications of the corruption and decay he describes?

Justice and Mercy:

Explore the tension between God's justice and mercy in the divine dilemma. How does Athanasius navigate this theological challenge, and what insights does he provide into the character of God?

The Incarnation as Solution:

In what ways does Athanasius argue that the Incarnation serves as the solution to the divine dilemma? How does the Word becoming flesh address the issues of corruption and sin?

Renewal of the Image of God:

Discuss Athanasius's concept of the renewal of the image of God in humanity through the Incarnation. How does Christ restore what was lost and enable humans to regain the divine likeness?

Paradox of the Incarnation:

Explore the paradoxical nature of the Incarnation—the union of divine and human natures in Christ. How does Athanasius explain this mystery, and what challenges or questions does it raise for readers?

Atonement and Redemption:

How does Athanasius connect the Incarnation with the themes of atonement and redemption? What is the significance of Christ's sacrifice on the Cross in the context of the divine solution to humanity's predicament?

Defending Orthodoxy Against Heresy:

Consider the historical context of theological controversies, particularly Arianism. How does Athanasius defend orthodox Christology against Arian heresy, and why is the full divinity of Christ crucial in the divine solution?

Biblical Foundations:

Identify specific biblical passages that Athanasius uses to support his arguments in "The Divine Dilemma and Its Solution." How does the biblical narrative contribute to the theological framework presented in this section?

Implications for Christian Identity:

Discuss how Athanasius's theological concepts in this section impact the understanding of Christian identity. How does the Incarnation shape the identity and purpose of believers?

Relevance to Contemporary Theology:

Consider the applicability of Athanasius's insights to contemporary theological discussions. Are there aspects of "The Divine Dilemma and Its Solution" that resonate with or challenge current perspectives on sin, redemption, and the nature of God?