Daniel 4: The Danger of Insecurity

Again, good morning and welcome to everyone in the room and to those of you who are here via the internet today. I’m Pastor Bill Connors, and I’d like to say thanks to our Welcome Ministry team this morning. Every week, we have these great volunteers who man the Welcome desk out in the foyer so that they can greet everyone who comes in, welcome our guests and visitors, give folks information that they need, and point them in the right direction. The church appreciates your faithfulness and service.

If you are a guest or visitor this week, we would really like to have the opportunity to thank you for being here today and to connect with you in case there is some way that we can serve you as a church family. You’ll find a welcome card in the back of the pew in front of you. Would you please take a moment during the rest of the service to fill that out, and then either drop it in the offering boxes by the doors as you leave later, or after our benediction verse at the end, would you mind bringing it down to me here at the front? I’d just like to meet you and give you a small token of our appreciation for your visit today.

Announcements

LMCO ($30,535.67). This is the last Sunday we’re taking up this offering. You can give until 1/31 toward the goal, though... We’ll give a final total on our offering in a couple of weeks.

Opening

Last week in our study of the book of Daniel, we finished up chapter 1 by considering how the four Hebrew young men Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah bloomed where they were planted as captives in Babylon, and how we should be challenged to walk with God so He can grow us to be more like Jesus no matter where we find ourselves, trusting that God is in control and can use us anywhere. This morning, we find ourselves in the beginning of chapter 2. Ordinarily in a study of Daniel, we would approach this chapter in its entirety, but when I outlined the book last year in preparation for this series, I really felt like there were several things that we could glean from this part of the narrative, so I needed to break it down a little further than that, so we’ll be looking at chapter 2 over three Sundays. For this morning, we will begin with the first 16 verses of Daniel 2. So as you are able, would you please stand in honor of the reading of Holy Scripture as we take a first look at our focal passage today?

Daniel 2:1–16 CSB

1 In the second year of his reign, Nebuchadnezzar had dreams that troubled him, and sleep deserted him. 2 So the king gave orders to summon the magicians, mediums, sorcerers, and Chaldeans to tell the king his dreams. When they came and stood before the king, 3 he said to them, “I have had a dream and am anxious to understand it.” 4 The Chaldeans spoke to the king (Aramaic begins here): “May the king live forever. Tell your servants the dream, and we will give the interpretation.” 5 The king replied to the Chaldeans, “My word is final: If you don’t tell me the dream and its interpretation, you will be torn limb from limb, and your houses will be made a garbage dump. 6 But if you make the dream and its interpretation known to me, you’ll receive gifts, a reward, and great honor from me. So make the dream and its interpretation known to me.” 7 They answered a second time, “May the king tell the dream to his servants, and we will make known the interpretation.” 8 The king replied, “I know for certain you are trying to gain some time, because you see that my word is final. 9 If you don’t tell me the dream, there is one decree for you. You have conspired to tell me something false or fraudulent until the situation changes. So tell me the dream and I will know you can give me its interpretation.” 10 The Chaldeans answered the king, “No one on earth can make known what the king requests. Consequently, no king, however great and powerful, has ever asked anything like this of any magician, medium, or Chaldean. 11 What the king is asking is so difficult that no one can make it known to him except the gods, whose dwelling is not with mortals.” 12 Because of this, the king became violently angry and gave orders to destroy all the wise men of Babylon. 13 The decree was issued that the wise men were to be executed, and they searched for Daniel and his friends, to execute them. 14 Then Daniel responded with tact and discretion to Arioch, the captain of the king’s guard, who had gone out to execute the wise men of Babylon. 15 He asked Arioch, the king’s officer, “Why is the decree from the king so harsh?” Then Arioch explained the situation to Daniel. 16 So Daniel went and asked the king to give him some time, so that he could give the king the interpretation.

PRAYER (Pray for the things happening in the SBC. Pray for the search ministry looking for a President of the Executive Committee. Pray for humility, honesty, unity, and zeal.)

Back when our oldest daughter, Maggie, was a baby, she got this strange lump on her thigh. It started small—like a bug bite or something. We took her to the doctor, and he said that that was probably all it was, and we were to use warm compresses on it until it went away. It didn’t go away. In fact, it got bigger. And redder. And harder. It felt almost like a pebble had managed to lodge itself under her skin and grow while it was there. So we went back to the doctor, and he sent us to a pediatric surgeon. The surgeon examined her leg, and he said that he didn’t know what it was, and so we were going to need surgical intervention—to cut it out so it could be tested. He didn’t want to biopsy it first. He just wanted to remove it.

We were first-time parents on an eight-month old little girl. This was our only daughter (at the time). And they were going to cut open her leg to remove only God knew what from it, and were going to have to put her under general anesthesia to do it. I’m not going to sugar-coat it: we were freaking out. Lots of tears. Hours of conversation. Prayer after prayer after prayer. We didn’t want her to have surgery, but we didn’t know what this thing in her leg was, either. So we knew we couldn’t ignore it. Worst-case scenario in our minds was cancer. Even though we cried out to the Lord during that time, we didn’t have an overwhelming sense of peace. Mel and I talked about this this week, and she said that she doesn’t remember me freaking out. And I guess that was me holding it together for her sake, because looking back, I was doing exactly that—freaking out.

So we took her in for surgery. We handed her over to a nurse, and that was it. She was going to be put under and Lord willing, the next time we saw her, she’d have stitches in her leg and no more lump. I honestly don’t remember how long the surgery took. I remember it felt like a really long time. And so we prayed and waited.

All of us face times of fear and anxiety. We all have moments when we feel like the pressures of life or the concerns of the day threaten to overwhelm us and we struggle to cope. And let’s be honest: sometimes, those pressures are very, very real—like your eight-month-old having surgery. But sometimes, the things that bring fear and anxiety into our lives are manufactured, or at the very least, over-inflated by our too-active imaginations. These situations bring stress into our lives.

One of the books I read over my sabbatical last summer was a book by Vance Pitman called The Stressless Life. In this book, he created his own definition of the word stress:

Stress: fearful concern experienced when life’s demands seem greater than my ability to meet them

—Vance Pitman, The Stressless Life

When Maggie had to go under the surgical knife, I felt stress. I had fearful concern, because the demands of my life in that time felt well beyond my ability to handle them.

Stress makes us feel like we don’t have a foundation to stand on, that our lives are spinning completely out of control—in short, stress makes us feel insecure.

In our focal passage this morning, we find the king of Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar, who at that time reigned over the most powerful nation on the planet, but who struggled with the problems of stress and insecurity. And this raises the question for us: What makes us feel insecure? And what can we do about it?

1: Insecurity can come from a variety of places.

Nebuchadnezzar was not yet officially the king of Babylon when he took away the first wave of captives from Israel in 605 BC. At that point, he was the crown prince and the general over the entire Babylonian army. His father, Nabopolassar, was king before him, and during his reign Babylon successfully rebelled against Assyria, subdued Egypt at the Battle of Carchemish, and conquered Israel. All of those things were accomplished under the leadership of Nebuchadnezzar. Nabopolassar died in late 605 BC, and Nebuchadnezzar ascended to the Babylonian throne. We might think that if anyone was going to feel secure, it would be a king. We would be incorrect, as we see in the first part of our focal passage this morning:

Daniel 2:1–3 CSB

Let me quickly address one question that this might bring up in your minds if you remember the last few weeks of our study: “If this was the second year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, then why are Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah not still in training, because their training was three years long?” Great question. The answer is in how dating was done by the Babylonians.

I made a graphic to help with this explanation.

Daniel and the boys were taken captive in the spring of 605 BC. Their training began once they arrived in Babylon. It lasted three years—until the spring of 602, if we assume that was a precise length of time. After their time of training and education, they entered the king’s service as we read last week. Remember that the last two verses of chapter 1 summarize their entire time serving in King Nebuchadnezzar’s court, and then chapter 2 kind of “zooms in” on one particular event in Daniel’s service to the king of Babylon.

Now, Nebuchadnezzar ascended to the throne in late 605 BC. But one thing that is interesting about the Babylonians is that they didn’t consider the year that someone ascended to the throne as the first year of their reign. It was the “ascension year.” I have no idea why. So his ascension year was the fall of 605 to the fall of 604. If the next year was his “first year,” then his “second year” was from fall of 603 to fall of 602. Therefore, there is about a six-month period where Daniel and friends were attending the king as members of his court, during which this episode would have taken place.

With that understanding, we approach the text itself:

As I mentioned last week, dream interpretation was highly regarded as a skill or gift in Babylon, because they believed that the gods spoke to people primarily through dreams. Now, if this is true, then it also is true that dreams themselves were considered to be of vital importance, because if the gods spoke through dreams, then dreams were literally hearing from the gods personally. And if the gods spoke to you, it must have been important.

The original text literally says that Nebuchadnezzar “dreamed dreams” in the plural. These dreams worried him and kept him from sleeping well. Has anyone else ever experienced this—where the stresses and insecurities that we have are somehow amplified when we climb into bed at the end of the day? Maybe we start thinking about the ways we failed during the day, or the things that we said that we wish we could take back, or the state of our finances or our relationships or our jobs…Sometimes, there in the dark, the stresses can come to us almost in waves.

In his book on Daniel, pastor Alistair Begg writes:

“Concerns that look merely problematic in the daylight become paralyzing in the darkness of the night, and there are things that we can handle or hold at bay when we’re vertical that overwhelm us when we’re horizontal.”

—Alistair Begg, Brave By Faith

Nebuchadnezzar was so upset by these dreams that he summoned the various “experts” in dreams in Babylon: the magicians, mediums, sorcerers, and Chaldeans. The term “Chaldeans” refers to the elite class of Babylonian society—the best and brightest and most learned. Daniel and the boys were included in this group.

Given that Nebuchadnezzar then says that he has had “a dream” in verse 3, it appears that these dreams were a single recurring dream that he had over and over, which upset him greatly.

So why was the king so upset? Well, being who he was, there was no shortage of threats to his life and rule. In that day, if you managed to kill a king, you often got to take his place. And in the countries that he had conquered, Nebuchadnezzar was extremely unpopular because of his cruel and vicious tactics, like say, taking the best and brightest young men of the nobility away to try to turn them into Babylonians?

Not only that, but think of all he had to keep track of in his position: the economy, the citizenry, the military, the infrastructure. Perhaps there were some other pressure-filled situations going on that we don’t know about. What we do know is that in Nebuchadnezzar’s mind, if the king had a dream, and the gods spoke through dreams (sometimes as they thought telling the future), then the dream could be telling him about a coming crisis so that he can act on it and avert disaster. It makes sense that he was desperate to know the interpretation of the dream. Nebuchadnezzar had a lot on his mind. He had a lot of stresses, and those stresses made him feel insecure.

Think for a moment about the stresses that make us feel insecure today. Very briefly, what are some things that cause you stress? MAKE SURE YOU REPEAT BACK WHAT PEOPLE SAY, SO THAT OTHERS AND THE RECORDING CAN HEAR THEM. ASSUMING WE HEAR SEVERAL THINGS:

That is quite a list! It seems to me that it’s true: stress, and thus, insecurity, can come from a variety of places. Paul experienced the same thing in his concern for the church in Corinth:

2 Corinthians 7:5 CSB

5 In fact, when we came into Macedonia, we had no rest. Instead, we were troubled in every way: conflicts on the outside, fears within.

He said that they were “troubled in every way…[from] outside, [and] within.” This sounds high stress, high insecurity, doesn’t it? Obviously, ministry is not exempt from these kinds of stresses and insecurity.

This makes me wonder, however, how we deal with these stresses and insecurities. The world would tell us that it has all the answers. But that simply isn’t true, because a lot of our stress comes from our spiritual perspective—how we face the stressors in our lives—and the world doesn’t have solutions to our spiritual issues.

2: Worldly solutions won’t solve our spiritual problems.

What we’re going to discover as we go through the rest of this chapter is that Nebuchadnezzar was right to passionately want an explanation of the dream that he had experienced, because the dream was indeed from God, and did indeed give him a glimpse into the future. But Nebuchadnezzar went about trying to find a worldly solution to his need for an interpretation, when what he needed was a spiritual answer. Look at how how the Chaldeans responded to him:

Daniel 2:4–6 CSB

4 The Chaldeans spoke to the king (Aramaic begins here): “May the king live forever. Tell your servants the dream, and we will give the interpretation.” 5 The king replied to the Chaldeans, “My word is final: If you don’t tell me the dream and its interpretation, you will be torn limb from limb, and your houses will be made a garbage dump. 6 But if you make the dream and its interpretation known to me, you’ll receive gifts, a reward, and great honor from me. So make the dream and its interpretation known to me.”

Interestingly enough, the book of Daniel from verse 4 of chapter 2 until the last verse of chapter 7 isn’t written in Hebrew—it’s written in Aramaic. Aramaic was the lingua franca or the “common” language of the time, even though the Babylonians themselves used a language called Akkadian. Aramaic was developed in the area of Syria and Israel around the time of King David (around 1000 BC). It then grew in influence and was adopted and widely dispersed by the Assyrian Empire with their deportation practices, and was the official language of the Persian Empire, which came after the Babylonians. Even after the introduction of Greek and then Latin, Aramaic was still widely used throughout the region of Mesopotamia until some time in the 7th century AD. Even now, Aramaic isn’t completely extinct, as there are still some people in the world who use it.

Daniel must have switched over to writing in Aramaic so that the testimony that he gave in these particular chapters of the book would be able to be read and understood by the broadest number of people. As we go through the rest of the book, I’ll try to remember to point out how the book of Daniel is organized to illustrate this more clearly.

So the Chaldeans make a perfectly reasonable request: They ask for the king to tell them the dream so that they can give the interpretation. This makes sense. How are they supposed to give an interpretation of a dream if they don’t know what it is?

But the king here does something really strange with the Chaldeans that he’s called together to help him with his dream. He tells them that they not only have to give him the interpretation of his dream, but they must first tell him what the dream was. And not only that, but in a very severe twist, the king says that this is an all-or-nothing deal: if they can manage to do both, then they will be honored and richly rewarded. If they cannot, they will literally be torn apart and their home destroyed (thus implying either that their families would be killed or that they would be displaced and destitute… neither was a good option). Now who was stressed?

So they ask again:

Daniel 2:7–9 CSB

7 They answered a second time, “May the king tell the dream to his servants, and we will make known the interpretation.” 8 The king replied, “I know for certain you are trying to gain some time, because you see that my word is final. 9 If you don’t tell me the dream, there is one decree for you. You have conspired to tell me something false or fraudulent until the situation changes. So tell me the dream and I will know you can give me its interpretation.”

I suppose it’s possible that Nebuchadnezzar might not remember the dream. But I doubt that this is case, because he had it multiple times. It seems more likely that he does remember the dream, but that because of it, he doesn’t trust the “experts:” If he believes that there is some conspiracy afoot that the dream is warning him about, then these interpreters might be a part of it. He tells them that he thinks they’re just trying to buy time by being able to make up some phony interpretation that will placate him until either he forgets about the dream, or the (possibly imagined) conspiracy can play out (“until the situation changes”). The truth is that the king just seems really paranoid because of the dream.

We will look at their answer in our third point in just a moment, but just to finish Nebuchadnezzar’s part in this section, things go from bad to worse for the “elite,” because Nebuchadnezzar finally gets angry:

Daniel 2:12–13 CSB

12 Because of this, the king became violently angry and gave orders to destroy all the wise men of Babylon. 13 The decree was issued that the wise men were to be executed, and they searched for Daniel and his friends, to execute them.

In his rage, he decrees the death of literally all of the wise men because they can’t tell him both his dream and what it means. This is a great picture of the adage of “cutting off your nose to spite your face.” If this order is carried out, there will be no advisors left in Babylon. None. So Nebuchadnezzar will thus have a zero percent chance of receiving any interpretation of the dream from wise men. This is what happens when insecurity, power, and anger collide: it’s an explosive irrational emotional cocktail.

He’s desperate for a solution, but the world simply cannot provide it, because it’s a spiritual issue.

Aren’t we similar to Nebuchadnezzar in this way sometimes? We are certain that we can handle the stresses and insecurities that come our way without any counsel from the Lord through His Word by His Spirit, without any help from others in the body of Christ, without even a moment of prayer…at least until we are nearly drowning in fear and anxiety?

The fact is that the world can’t really offer us anything that can solve our spiritual stress and insecurity. Where the world would point us to different ways that it says we can find security and peace—things like wealth or fun or sex or escape—these things can actually become idols, and every one of them ends up being completely useless, like a broken cistern:

Jeremiah 2:11–13 CSB

11 Has a nation ever exchanged its gods? (But they were not gods!) Yet my people have exchanged their Glory for useless idols. 12 Be appalled at this, heavens; be shocked and utterly desolated! This is the Lord’s declaration. 13 For my people have committed a double evil: They have abandoned me, the fountain of living water, and dug cisterns for themselves— cracked cisterns that cannot hold water.

Even trying to deal with our spiritual insecurity through human religious effort will fail and make our stress worse, not better:

Colossians 2:8 CSB

8 Be careful that no one takes you captive through philosophy and empty deceit based on human tradition, based on the elements of the world, rather than Christ.

Colossians 2:20–23 CSB

20 If you died with Christ to the elements of this world, why do you live as if you still belonged to the world? Why do you submit to regulations: 21 “Don’t handle, don’t taste, don’t touch”? 22 All these regulations refer to what is destined to perish by being used up; they are human commands and doctrines. 23 Although these have a reputation for wisdom by promoting self-made religion, false humility, and severe treatment of the body, they are not of any value in curbing self-indulgence.

This would include how we face our own sinfulness—one of the biggest sources of stress and insecurity. We lack the holiness that we should have, and that lack of holiness just stresses us out even more!

One of the ways that we tend to handle besetting or addictive sin in ourselves and others is by getting some distance of break from them, kind of to reset our thinking. This isn’t wrong in itself. However, these practices are worthless without corresponding heart change: they are just another means of living according to law. It’s not that trying to reset is bad, because it’s not. It’s that if we only strive to prevent the action (which is really just worldly behavior modification), and not be filled with Christ through fellowship with Him by the Spirit, then we will never truly find victory over the sin. So we will still feel weighed down by stress and insecurity.

I think Solomon explained it best in Proverbs 14:

Proverbs 14:12 CSB

12 There is a way that seems right to a person, but its end is the way to death.

This is because when it comes to the spiritual things that bring stress and insecurity into our lives, only God has all the answers.

3: Only God has all the answers for our insecurity.

One thing that’s kind of funny to me about our focal passage today is that, for all of the wrong ways that the magicians, mediums, sorcerers, and Chaldeans ordinarily looked at interpreting dreams and omens (usually just trying to tell the king what they thought he wanted to hear), when they responded to the king’s accusation that they were conspiring against him, they actually almost got their answer almost right:

Daniel 2:10–11 CSB

10 The Chaldeans answered the king, “No one on earth can make known what the king requests. Consequently, no king, however great and powerful, has ever asked anything like this of any magician, medium, or Chaldean. 11 What the king is asking is so difficult that no one can make it known to him except the gods, whose dwelling is not with mortals.”

The Chaldeans look at Nebuchadnezzar and say: “ You ask the impossible. Only the gods could do what you request, and they don’t live with mortals.

Now, I know that these guys aren’t talking about God Himself, but they got the first part right. No one on earth could do what Nebuchadnezzar demanded in their own strength. But they got the God part wrong: He is not one of many, and He does live with us mortals. In fact, He came as one of us so that He could die for us so that we could be saved. This is the most important issue that we face as human beings—how to be reconciled to God. Most never give it a second thought, and they just assume that they’ll be okay as long as they are better than the next guy.

But the next guy isn’t the standard: God Himself is, in all His perfection. We can deserve heaven if we are perfect like He is perfect, in every single thought, every single action, every single word—for our entire lives. Talk about stressful insecurity!

None of us live up to that. Only Jesus, God’s only Son, did. And because He did, then He could die in our place to pay the penalty that we owe because of our sin. Paul said it this way to Timothy:

1 Timothy 1:15 CSB

15 This saying is trustworthy and deserving of full acceptance: “Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners”—and I am the worst of them.

Jesus died so that we can be forgiven. And then He rose from death so that we can have eternal life—so that we can be saved. And the only way to be saved is through faith—believe in Jesus as your Savior, and surrender to Him as your Lord. He is the only answer to the issue of our separation from God—the source of the ultimate stress and insecurity.

But once we are in a restored relationship with God through faith, does that mean that we are suddenly immune to stress or insecurity? I wish! But because of the fact that our relationship with Him is restored, we can bring Him our stresses and our burdens, because He can handle them.

Psalm 55:22 CSB

22 Cast your burden on the Lord, and he will sustain you; he will never allow the righteous to be shaken.

1 Peter 5:6–7 CSB

6 Humble yourselves, therefore, under the mighty hand of God, so that he may exalt you at the proper time, 7 casting all your cares on him, because he cares about you.

What does this look like, practically speaking? It means trusting the Lord instead of ourselves when we face stress and insecurity, following His way of dealing with the issues we face, and continually believing three things, according to Pastor Vance Pitman:

• Since God is love, He desires only the best for us.

• Since God has all wisdom, He knows what is best for us.

• Since God is all-powerful, He can bring about what is best for us.

—Vance Pitman, The Stressless Life

This is not a “let go and let God” kind of thing, as if you’re supposed to just forget about the anxiety-inducing situations that you face. It’s trusting that God is there with you in the midst of those situations, and that He can and will guide you as you respond, and work to bring what is best for you out of those situations as you walk with Him.

And how did God handle Nebuchadnezzar’s spiritual insecurity? He sent wise and responsible Daniel to Nebuchadnezzar, so that Daniel would be able to use the giftedness that God had bestowed on him in order to save not just the king from his anxiety, but all of the wise men in Babylon from certain death.

Remember last week that we saw in chapter 1, verse 17 that, “Daniel also understood visions and dreams of every kind.” That mention was vital for nearly all of the rest of the book, including how Daniel approached Arioch, who was likely the chief executioner.

Daniel 2:14–16 CSB

14 Then Daniel responded with tact and discretion to Arioch, the captain of the king’s guard, who had gone out to execute the wise men of Babylon. 15 He asked Arioch, the king’s officer, “Why is the decree from the king so harsh?” Then Arioch explained the situation to Daniel. 16 So Daniel went and asked the king to give him some time, so that he could give the king the interpretation.

Daniel knew that God could do the impossible, and we will see next week what happened. But sometimes, God uses His people to help us as we walk through the difficult seasons of life. He prompts His children to be His hand and feet in the lives of His other children, to speak His Word to teach, encourage, correct, or comfort those going through stress and insecurity. We need each other, church. Each of us has a responsibility to the rest of the body. And we have a calling from God to follow Him to be His hands and feet—ambassadors to the lost world with the hope of the Gospel, which Paul calls the “message of reconciliation.”

2 Corinthians 5:19 CSB

19 That is, in Christ, God was reconciling the world to himself, not counting their trespasses against them, and he has committed the message of reconciliation to us.

Closing

We can face our stresses and insecurities in the strength and peace that the Lord provides. And we can do so together, church family. We can also speak God’s light into those who are walking in spiritual darkness—the greatest state of stress and insecurity—those who are bound for hell without Christ, facing eternal separation from Him because of their sins. Only God has the answers to the spiritual insecurities that we face.

And as I said, this is especially true with the greatest insecurity that mankind faces: the insecurity of our rebellion against God and the ramifications that go along with it—that because of our sin, God is completely righteous and just to separate Himself from us forever. But because of His love, He chose to give His one and only Son, so that if we believe in Him, we are reconciled, restored to a right relationship with God. If you’re lost, then I call on you to surrender to Jesus right now, right where you are. Trust in what He has done to save you, and stop going your own way. Follow Him as Lord.

And we want to celebrate that with you if that’s what’s happening in your life right now. In a moment, the band is going to come and play our song of invitation, and that is your time to come and share with one of us. If you have questions about Jesus, come and let us know that as well. If you’re online and have surrendered to Christ this morning or have questions about salvation, send me an email to bill@ehbc.org.

Church membership

Prayer

Giving

PRAYER

Closing Remarks

Bible reading (Gen 47-48, Ps 28)

Pastor’s Study tonight

Prayer Meeting

Instructions for guests

And Maggie’s lump in her leg? They never did know what it was… it just wasn’t cancer.

Benediction

Philippians 4:6–9 CSB

6 Don’t worry about anything, but in everything, through prayer and petition with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. 7 And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and minds in Christ Jesus. 8 Finally brothers and sisters, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is commendable—if there is any moral excellence and if there is anything praiseworthy—dwell on these things. 9 Do what you have learned and received and heard from me, and seen in me, and the God of peace will be with you.

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