Sermon on the Mount: 1
Sermon on the Mount
Illustration:
The Sermon is thus far from being just a collection of moral precepts. It presents the radical demand of Jesus the Messiah on all who respond to his preaching of God’s kingdom. ‘The Sermon on the Mount compels us, in the first place, to ask who he is who utters these words.’
Context:
The crowds-
Mountainside-
Sat down-
Jesus is depicted sitting (the correct posture for formal teaching
there were varying degrees of commitment. But the primary audience is clearly the ‘insiders’.
Session 1
‘Blessed’ is a misleading translation of makarios, which does not denote one whom God blesses (which would be eulogētos, reflecting Heb. bārûk), but represents the Hebrew ’ašrê, ‘fortunate’, and is used, like ’ašrê, almost entirely in the formal setting of a beatitude. It introduces someone who is to be congratulated, someone whose place in life is an enviable one. ‘Happy’ is better than ‘blessed’, but only if used not of a mental state but of a condition of life. ‘Fortunate’ or ‘well off’ is less ambiguous. It is not a psychological description, but a recommendation.
Poor in Spirit
The beatitudes thus outline the attitudes of the true disciple, the one who has accepted the demands of God’s kingdom, in contrast with the attitudes of the ‘man of the world’; and they present this as the best way of life not only in its intrinsic goodness but in its results. The rewards of discipleship are therefore spelt out in the second half of each verse
The beatitudes thus outline the attitudes of the true disciple, the one who has accepted the demands of God’s kingdom, in contrast with the attitudes of the ‘man of the world’; and they present this as the best way of life not only in its intrinsic goodness but in its results. The rewards of discipleship are therefore spelt out in the second half of each verse. The tenses are future, except in the first and last, indicating that the best is yet to come, when God’s kingdom is finally established and its subjects enter into their inheritance. But the present tense of vv. 3 and 10 warns us against an exclusively future interpretation, for God rewards these attitudes with their respective results progressively in the disciple’s experience. The emphasis is not so much on time, present or future, as on the certainty that discipleship will not be in vain
Poor in spirit warns us immediately that the thought here is not (as it is in Luke 6:20) of material poverty. The phrase alludes to an Old Testament theme which underlies all the beatitudes, that of the ‘poor’ or ‘meek’ (‘ānî or ‘ānāw) who occur frequently in the Psalms and elsewhere (N.B. Isa. 61:1–2, alluded to in v. 4, and Ps. 37, alluded to in v. 5), those who humbly trust God, even though their loyalty results in oppression and material disadvantage, in contrast with the ‘wicked’ who arrogantly set themselves up against God and persecute his people. The emphasis is on piety and suffering, and on dependence on God, not on material poverty as such
Worldy advantages are dangerous, not because of what they are neccisarily, but because of what they encourage: confidence in them and in myself. They encourage self-sufficiency.
Those who Mourn
Those who mourn are not necessarily the bereaved, or even the penitent. They are the suffering, those whose life is, from a worldly point of view, an unhappy one, and particularly those who suffer for their loyalty to God
The Meek
Recognize what true success is and who can give it.
If you seek becoming a somebody to the world..you will find yourself a nobody in his kingdom.
Jesus applies it not territorially, but in terms of the ultimate vindication of the meek. God will give them the high place they would not seize for themselves
Hunger and thirst for righteousness
the meaning here will be that their one desire is for a relationship of obedience and trust with God. It is thus a personal aspiration, not a desire for social justice. The idea of ‘vindication’ (a regular meaning of ṣědāqâ, ‘righteousness’, in the Old Testament), or of ‘justification’ (dikaiosynē, ‘righteousness’, often carries this sense in Paul, but probably not in Matthew) may be implied in the promise that this desire shall be satisfied, but the ultimate satisfaction of a relationship with God unclouded by disobedience is chiefly in view.