Coming of Messiah

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The coming of a figure chosen and anointed by God to deliver and redeem his people. Anointing was seen as a sign of being chosen by God for a special task of leadership or responsibility. The OT looked ahead to the final coming of such a figure to usher in a new era in the history of the people of God; the NT sees this expectation fulfilled in the person and work of Jesus Christ.

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Anointing as a sign of being chosen by God

Anointing with oil

Leviticus 8:12 LSB

Then he poured some of the anointing oil on Aaron’s head and anointed him, to set him apart as holy.

See also 1 Ki 1:39; 1 Sa 16:12–13; 2 Sa 2:4; 2 Sa 5:3; 2 Ki 9:6; Ps 89:20

Anointing with the Holy Spirit

Isaiah 61:1 LSB

See also Is 11:2; Jdg 14:19; Is 42:1; Mt 12:18; Lk 4:18; 1 Sa 11:6; 1 Sa 16:13

Anointing as a sign of national and spiritual leadership

Anointed to be king

1 Chronicles 29:22 LSB

So they ate and drank that day before Yahweh with great gladness. And they made Solomon the son of David king a second time, and they anointed him as ruler for Yahweh and Zadok as priest.

See also Jdg 9:7–15; 1 Sa 9:16; 1 Sa 15:17; 2 Sa 19:10; 1 Ki 1:34; 2 Ki 9:3; 2 Ki 11:12; 2 Ch 22:7

Anointed to be priest

Exodus 40:13–15 LSB

“You shall put the holy garments on Aaron and anoint him and set him apart as holy, that he may minister as a priest to Me. “You shall bring his sons and put tunics on them; and you shall anoint them even as you have anointed their father, that they may minister as priests to Me; and their anointing will be for them for a perpetual priesthood throughout their generations.”

See also Ex 28:41; Ex 29:7; Le 7:35–36; Le 16:32; Nu 3:3

Anointed to be judge

The coming of the Spirit on some of the judges is a spiritual anointing:

Jdg 3:10; Jdg 6:34; Jdg 11:29; Jdg 15:14

Anointed to be prophet

1 Ki 19:16; Is 48:16; Eze 11:5; Eze 37:1; Mic 3:8

The expectation of a future Messiah

The future anointed king

Ge 49:10; Is 16:5

See also Is 9:6–7; Zec 9:9; Eze 37:24; Ps 110:1–2; Mic 5:2; Ps 132:11–12; 2 Sa 7:12–14; Nu 24:17; Ps 2:7–9; Ps 45:6–7

The future anointed priest

Psalm 110:4 LSB

Yahweh has sworn and will not change His mind, “You are a priest forever According to the order of Melchizedek.”

The future anointed prophet

Isaiah 61:1–2 LSB

The Spirit of Lord Yahweh is upon me Because Yahweh has anointed me To bring good news to the afflicted; He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, To proclaim release to captives And freedom to prisoners, To proclaim the favorable year of Yahweh And the day of vengeance of our God, To comfort all who mourn,

The future anointed judge

Is 2:4; Is 11:3–4; Mic 4:3

The future anointed servant of God

Isaiah 42:1–4 LSB

“Behold, My Servant, whom I uphold; My chosen one in whom My soul is well-pleased. I have put My Spirit upon Him; He will bring forth justice to the nations. “He will not cry out or raise His voice, Nor make His voice heard in the street. “A crushed reed He will not break And a faintly burning wick He will not extinguish; He will bring forth justice in truth. “He will not be faint or crushed Until He has established justice in the earth; And the coastlands will wait expectantly for His law.”