Coming of Messiah

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The coming of a figure chosen and anointed by God to deliver and redeem his people. Anointing was seen as a sign of being chosen by God for a special task of leadership or responsibility. The OT looked ahead to the final coming of such a figure to usher in a new era in the history of the people of God; the NT sees this expectation fulfilled in the person and work of Jesus Christ.

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Anointing as a sign of being chosen by God

Anointing with oil

Leviticus 8:12 ESV

And he poured some of the anointing oil on Aaron’s head and anointed him to consecrate him.

See also 1 Ki 1:39; 1 Sa 16:12–13; 2 Sa 2:4; 2 Sa 5:3; 2 Ki 9:6; Ps 89:20

Anointing with the Holy Spirit

Isaiah 61:1 ESV

See also Is 11:2; Jdg 14:19; Is 42:1; Mt 12:18; Lk 4:18; 1 Sa 11:6; 1 Sa 16:13

Anointing as a sign of national and spiritual leadership

Anointed to be king

1 Chronicles 29:22 ESV

And they ate and drank before the Lord on that day with great gladness. And they made Solomon the son of David king the second time, and they anointed him as prince for the Lord, and Zadok as priest.

See also Jdg 9:7–15; 1 Sa 9:16; 1 Sa 15:17; 2 Sa 19:10; 1 Ki 1:34; 2 Ki 9:3; 2 Ki 11:12; 2 Ch 22:7

Anointed to be priest

Exodus 40:13–15 ESV

and put on Aaron the holy garments. And you shall anoint him and consecrate him, that he may serve me as priest. You shall bring his sons also and put coats on them, and anoint them, as you anointed their father, that they may serve me as priests. And their anointing shall admit them to a perpetual priesthood throughout their generations.”

See also Ex 28:41; Ex 29:7; Le 7:35–36; Le 16:32; Nu 3:3

Anointed to be judge

The coming of the Spirit on some of the judges is a spiritual anointing:

Jdg 3:10; Jdg 6:34; Jdg 11:29; Jdg 15:14

Anointed to be prophet

1 Ki 19:16; Is 48:16; Eze 11:5; Eze 37:1; Mic 3:8

The expectation of a future Messiah

The future anointed king

Ge 49:10; Is 16:5

See also Is 9:6–7; Zec 9:9; Eze 37:24; Ps 110:1–2; Mic 5:2; Ps 132:11–12; 2 Sa 7:12–14; Nu 24:17; Ps 2:7–9; Ps 45:6–7

The future anointed priest

Psalm 110:4 ESV

The Lord has sworn and will not change his mind, “You are a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek.”

The future anointed prophet

Isaiah 61:1–2 ESV

The Spirit of the Lord God is upon me, because the Lord has anointed me to bring good news to the poor; he has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to those who are bound; to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all who mourn;

The future anointed judge

Is 2:4; Is 11:3–4; Mic 4:3

The future anointed servant of God

Isaiah 42:1–4 ESV

Behold my servant, whom I uphold, my chosen, in whom my soul delights; I have put my Spirit upon him; he will bring forth justice to the nations. He will not cry aloud or lift up his voice, or make it heard in the street; a bruised reed he will not break, and a faintly burning wick he will not quench; he will faithfully bring forth justice. He will not grow faint or be discouraged till he has established justice in the earth; and the coastlands wait for his law.