Twelve Ordinary Men, Part 1 - Sep. 22nd, 2024

Luke 6:12–13 KJV

12 And it came to pass in those days, that he went out into a mountain to pray, and continued all night in prayer to God. 13 And when it was day, he called unto him his disciples: and of them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles;

Introduction

Title: "The Master's Men" - a study of the Twelve Apostles.

Main Idea: Jesus chose twelve ordinary men for an extraordinary mission.

CIT - Jesus deliberately chose twelve ordinary men to fulfill an extraordinary mission, demonstrating that God’s power is made perfect through the humble and unqualified, enabling them to accomplish great things for His kingdom.

Statement of Purpose -

Major Objective (MO): To inspire believers to trust that God can use their ordinary lives to accomplish extraordinary things, just as He did with the Twelve Apostles. Specific Objective (SO): By the end of this message, the congregation will be challenged to submit themselves to God's calling, knowing that their weaknesses and limitations are not barriers to His work, but opportunities for His power to be displayed.

CPS -

Jesus calls ordinary people to accomplish extraordinary things; it’s not our abilities but our availability to God’s power that transforms the world.

Context:

A. Jesus is feeling the hostility of the religious leaders, knowing His death is imminent.

By the time Jesus reaches the point of choosing the Twelve Apostles, the religious leaders—Pharisees, Sadducees, and scribes—have grown increasingly hostile toward Him. They are threatened by His authority, teachings, and the growing influence He has among the people. In Luke 6:11, we see that their opposition reaches a peak, and they begin plotting His death. Jesus, fully aware of their plans and knowing His crucifixion is drawing near, feels the weight of His impending sacrifice. Understanding that His time on earth is limited, He begins to prepare for the continuation of His mission after His death, resurrection, and ascension.

B. It’s time to select His official representatives to continue His ministry after His departure.

With His earthly ministry coming to a close, Jesus knows that His work must continue through others. It is critical that He select men who will represent Him, preach the gospel, and lay the foundation for the early church. These men will be entrusted with the authority to carry out His teachings and miracles, ensuring the spread of the Kingdom after His ascension. The time for their training is brief, so the selection must happen immediately. These chosen individuals will become the Apostles, sent out with the authority and power of Christ to establish His message in the world.

C. Jesus doesn't choose the religious elite but ordinary, common men.

Surprisingly, Jesus bypasses the religious leaders—those who were considered experts in the law and theology—and instead selects ordinary, common men. These men, such as fishermen, a tax collector, and others without religious training, are far from the religious elite of the time. By choosing these ordinary men, Jesus is making a statement about the nature of God's kingdom: it is not built on human wisdom or status, but on humble hearts willing to follow Him. This deliberate choice also serves as a judgment against the corrupt religious establishment, which had turned away from God's truth. Through these common men, Jesus demonstrates that God's power works through the humble and unqualified, transforming them into extraordinary leaders for His kingdom.

I. The Timing of the Selection (Luke 6:12)

Luke 6:12 KJV

12 And it came to pass in those days, that he went out into a mountain to pray, and continued all night in prayer to God.

Explanation:

A. “In those days” - Escalating Hostility

Refers to the period of escalating hostility from the religious leaders (Luke 6:11)

Luke 6:11 KJV

11 And they were filled with madness; and communed one with another what they might do to Jesus.

The phrase "In those days" in Luke 6:12 refers to a specific period of increasing tension between Jesus and the religious leaders. This escalating hostility is clearly seen in the preceding verses, particularly in Luke 6:11, where it says, “And they were filled with madness; and communed one with another what they might do to Jesus.” The religious leaders—particularly the Pharisees and scribes—had been observing Jesus closely, finding fault in His actions and teachings, especially regarding His healing on the Sabbath (Luke 6:6-10).

Luke 6:6–10 AV 1873

6 And it came to pass also on another sabbath, that he entered into the synagogue and taught: and there was a man whose right hand was withered. 7 And the scribes and Pharisees watched him, whether he would heal on the sabbath day; that they might find an accusation against him. 8 But he knew their thoughts, and said to the man which had the withered hand, Rise up, and stand forth in the midst. And he arose and stood forth. 9 Then said Jesus unto them, I will ask you one thing; Is it lawful on the sabbath days to do good, or to do evil? to save life, or to destroy it? 10 And looking round about upon them all, he said unto the man, Stretch forth thy hand. And he did so: and his hand was restored whole as the other.

This conflict was not new; it had been building since earlier incidents in His ministry, such as when Jesus healed the paralytic and pronounced forgiveness of sins, which the Pharisees viewed as blasphemy (Luke 5:17-26).

Luke 5:17–26 KJV

17 And it came to pass on a certain day, as he was teaching, that there were Pharisees and doctors of the law sitting by, which were come out of every town of Galilee, and Judaea, and Jerusalem: and the power of the Lord was present to heal them. 18 And, behold, men brought in a bed a man which was taken with a palsy: and they sought means to bring him in, and to lay him before him. 19 And when they could not find by what way they might bring him in because of the multitude, they went upon the housetop, and let him down through the tiling with his couch into the midst before Jesus. 20 And when he saw their faith, he said unto him, Man, thy sins are forgiven thee. 21 And the scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, Who is this which speaketh blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone? 22 But when Jesus perceived their thoughts, he answering said unto them, What reason ye in your hearts? 23 Whether is easier, to say, Thy sins be forgiven thee; or to say, Rise up and walk? 24 But that ye may know that the Son of man hath power upon earth to forgive sins,( he said unto the sick of the palsy,) I say unto thee, Arise, and take up thy couch, and go into thine house. 25 And immediately he rose up before them, and took up that whereon he lay, and departed to his own house, glorifying God. 26 And they were all amazed, and they glorified God, and were filled with fear, saying, We have seen strange things to day.

As Jesus' popularity grew and His teachings began to challenge the traditional interpretations and authority of the Jewish leaders, their resentment intensified. This wasn’t merely theological disagreement; it had reached a point where they actively plotted against Him, seeking ways to discredit Him and even desiring His death. Luke 6:11 captures the climax of this opposition, where their hearts were filled with rage, and they began conspiring about how to bring Him down. The phrase “In those days” thus marks a critical juncture in Jesus’ ministry, as the growing animosity from the religious elite foreshadowed the eventual plot to crucify Him.

This escalating conflict sets the stage for Jesus to select His Apostles. Knowing that His time on earth was limited and that the religious leaders were plotting His death, He felt the urgency to prepare His followers to carry on His mission. The growing opposition was not just a backdrop, but a pivotal factor in His decision to invest deeply in these men, as they would be responsible for continuing His work in the face of this same hostility. Therefore, "In those days" signifies not just a general time period, but a season marked by the rising tension and the impending transition in Jesus’ ministry, leading to the critical moment of selecting His Twelve Apostles.

B. The Shadow of the Cross Looms

This choice is crucial in the timeline of Jesus' ministry because His death is near.

Go to Dark Gethsemane By James Montgomery

Go to dark Gethsemane, Ye that feel the tempter’s power; Your Redeemer’s conflict see, Watch with Him one bitter hour: Turn not from His griefs away, Learn of Jesus Christ to pray.

Follow to the judgment hall, View the Lord of life arraigned; Oh, the wormwood and the gall! Oh, the pangs His soul sustained! Shun not suffering, shame, or loss; Learn of Him to bear the cross.

Calvary’s mournful mountain climb; There, adoring at His feet, Mark that miracle of time, God’s own sacrifice complete. “It is finished!” hear Him cry; Learn of Jesus Christ to die.

Early hasten to the tomb Where they laid His breathless clay: All is solitude and gloom. Who hath taken Him away? Christ is risen! He meets our eyes; Savior, teach us so to rise.

C. “Greater Works than These” Is on the Horizon

Jesus needs to prepare the Twelve for the work they will carry out after His ascension.

John 14:12 KJV

12 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me, the works that I do shall he do also; and greater works than these shall he do; because I go unto my Father.

Jesus is here speaking to His disciples, explaining that after He ascends to the Father, they will do even greater works than He did, not necessarily in terms of more miraculous or powerful acts, but in the widespread impact of their ministry. Through the Holy Spirit, which would come after Jesus' departure, the Apostles would reach more people and spread the gospel globally, fulfilling Jesus’ mission in a broader and more far-reaching way.

Illustration:

Jesus feels the heat of opposition and the necessity of preparing these men for His mission as an urgent task.

Imagine a skilled craftsman who has spent years building a beautiful structure, knowing that his time to oversee the project is coming to an end. The work is not finished, and he must soon hand it over to apprentices to complete. However, the apprentices are inexperienced and untrained, and the deadline to finish the project is rapidly approaching. The craftsman feels the pressure of time and the weight of responsibility. He knows that he must urgently teach and equip these apprentices with everything they need to carry on the work after he’s gone. Each moment of instruction becomes critical, and every piece of guidance must be precise because their ability to complete the project will determine its success.

In the same way, Jesus, seeing His time on earth coming to an end, urgently prepares the Twelve Apostles. He knows they will carry His message to the world and that they must be equipped to lead the future of the church. The growing opposition from the religious leaders makes this preparation even more urgent, as Jesus senses that His crucifixion is drawing near. Every teaching and moment of guidance becomes crucial as He trains them for the mission they will soon have to undertake alone.

II. The Process of Selection (Luke 6:12-13)

Luke 6:12–13 KJV

12 And it came to pass in those days, that he went out into a mountain to pray, and continued all night in prayer to God. 13 And when it was day, he called unto him his disciples: and of them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles;

Explanation:

Jesus spends the entire night in prayer, seeking the Father’s will.

Though He was the Son of God, Jesus demonstrated the importance of aligning His actions with the Father’s will. In a time of prolonged and intense communion in prayer with God, and likely with a grieved spirit and broken heart over the animosity of the religious leaders, but also with compassion and love for those who had come to Him by faith, despite the madness of the Pharisees, Jesus appealed “to God” to give Him direction as He would soon select the men who would carry forward His mission. When big decisions (and little ones too) — but especially those that impact the kingdom of God — are upon us, these require sustained, earnest prayer. We can never go wrong when we dedicate time to seek God’s wisdom, so that we do all we can to make sure that our decisions remain in line with His perfect plan, and eclipse our own desires or assumptions. It’s a model of submission and spiritual sensitivity, especially relevant for ministry leaders and believers facing key life decisions.

The importance of prayer in significant moments in Jesus' ministry (Luke 5:16).

Luke 5:16 KJV

16 And he withdrew himself into the wilderness, and prayed.

A. The Prayer Life of Jesus

~ John R. Rice

Jesus is our Pattern and we should walk in His steps (I Pet. 2:21).

1 Peter 2:21 KJV

21 For even hereunto were ye called: because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that ye should follow his steps:

He has sent us even as the Father sent Him into the world (John 17:18; John 20:21).

John 17:18 KJV

18 As thou hast sent me into the world, even so have I also sent them into the world.

John 20:21 KJV

21 Then said Jesus to them again, Peace be unto you: as my Father hath sent me, even so send I you.

Jesus is the Light of the world (John 8:12; John 9:5).

John 8:12 KJV

12 Then spake Jesus again unto them, saying, I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life.

John 9:5 KJV

5 As long as I am in the world, I am the light of the world.

But we are the light of the world also (Matt. 5:14).

Matthew 5:14 AV 1873

14 Ye are the light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hid.

We are to have the same mind and surrender and unselfish devotion which Christ had (Phil. 2:5-8).

Philippians 2:5–8 KJV

5 Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus: 6 Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: 7 But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: 8 And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross.

And the very work that Jesus did we are to do also (John 14:12).

John 14:12 AV 1873

12 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me, the works that I do shall he do also; and greater works than these shall he do; because I go unto my Father.

So our prayer life ought to be much patterned after Jesus.

Mark 1:35 tells us,

Mark 1:35 KJV

35 And in the morning, rising up a great while before day, he went out, and departed into a solitary place, and there prayed.

We ought to put God first in our lives, first in our giving, first in our love, and so first in every day. Before any other work Jesus prayed. He went into a solitary place to be alone with God.

Jesus prayed at His baptism (Luke 3:21-22).

Luke 3:21–22 KJV

21 Now when all the people were baptized, it came to pass, that Jesus also being baptized, and praying, the heaven was opened, 22 And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased.

Evidently He prayed for Holy Spirit power to begin His ministry and to fulfill the promise and prophecy, made in His baptism, and that holy enduement came.

Jesus fasted for forty days during and before His temptation (Luke 4:1-2).

Luke 4:1–2 KJV

1 And Jesus being full of the Holy Ghost returned from Jordan, and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness, 2 Being forty days tempted of the devil. And in those days he did eat nothing: and when they were ended, he afterward hungered.

We may be sure that the fasting was not a matter of Pharisaical righteousness but included an honest heart-seeking after God, His will, His power. He said to Peter, (Matt. 26:41).

Matthew 26:41 KJV

41 Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation: the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.

Surely His own success in resisting temptation came in answer to prayer.

In Luke 5:16 we learn when great fame came to Jesus and great multitudes came together to hear and be healed,

Luke 5:16 KJV

16 And he withdrew himself into the wilderness, and prayed.

We may need to pray more in success than in failure. Popularity is a great temptation. Success should be a time of earnest heart-searching and waiting on God lest our hearts be too much lifted up and we lose our burden and concern.

So here in Luke 6:12 we find that Jesus "went out into a mountain to pray, and continued all night in prayer to God.”

Blessed example! Often prayer is more important than sleep, more important than food, more important than work.

In Luke 9:18 we find that

Luke 9:18 KJV

18 And it came to pass, as he was alone praying, his disciples were with him: and he asked them, saying, Whom say the people that I am?

Every Christian is somewhat alone with Christ when he prays. Here, the disciples about Him, Jesus was alone.

In Luke 9:28 we find that Jesus went up to the Mount of Transfiguration to pray, and verse 29 tells us that

Luke 9:29 KJV

29 And as he prayed, the fashion of his countenance was altered, and his raiment was white and glistering.

The result may not be so obvious and visible with us but a result there is, the reservoir of power is filled again, the waiting upon God renews strength for the burden (Isa. 40:30-31).

Isaiah 40:30–31 KJV

30 Even the youths shall faint and be weary, and the young men shall utterly fall: 31 But they that wait upon the LORD shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not faint.

In Luke 11:1 we find that Jesus was praying in a certain place and when He ceased the disciples, greatly impressed with the compassion and burden for others and for Holy Spirit power, asked Him, "Lord, teach us to pray.”

Luke 11:1 KJV

1 And it came to pass, that, as he was praying in a certain place, when he ceased, one of his disciples said unto him, Lord, teach us to pray, as John also taught his disciples.

We may be sure that the Lord Jesus not only sometimes prayed all night, or rose up a great while before day to pray, or prayed alone or in the presence of others, but surely He did that which all of us are commanded to do. He prayed without ceasing (I Thess. 5:17).

1 Thessalonians 5:17 KJV

17 Pray without ceasing.

So we may be sure that His prayer connection with the Heavenly Father was maintained continually, so He could say, "Father. . . I knew that thou hearest me always" (John 11:41-42).

John 11:41–42 KJV

41 Then they took away the stone from the place where the dead was laid. And Jesus lifted up his eyes, and said, Father, I thank thee that thou hast heard me. 42 And I knew that thou hearest me always: but because of the people which stand by I said it, that they may believe that thou hast sent me.

And He surely must refer to a continual contact in prayer.

Here in Luke 6:12, Jesus prayed all night before selecting the twelve disciples who would be called apostles, and would be understudies and learners under Him for some three years. In Gethsemane He prayed again and again (Luke 22:42,44,45).

Luke 22:42 AV 1873

42 saying, Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done.

Luke 22:44–45 KJV

44 And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly: and his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground. 45 And when he rose up from prayer, and was come to his disciples, he found them sleeping for sorrow,

And Hebrews 5:7 tells us,

Hebrews 5:7 KJV

7 Who in the days of his flesh, when he had offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying and tears unto him that was able to save him from death, and was heard in that he feared;

One can never understand the continued blessing and power on Jesus’ ministry unless we remember that He was a Man, the God-Man, but One who had limited Himself to human limitations, and the power of the Holy Spirit which we may have, too, and He prayed!

B. A “Choosing” that Follows His “Calling”

Jesus calls His disciples and selects twelve to be Apostles.

Application:

Jesus' example of spending an entire night in prayer before selecting the Twelve Apostles (Luke 6:12) teaches the importance of seeking God’s guidance in critical, life-altering decisions. Whether it's selecting leaders for ministry, making significant personal decisions, or navigating challenges, prayer should be our first response, not a last resort. Jesus, though fully divine, demonstrated complete dependence on the Father in moments of decision, showing us that prayer aligns our hearts with God’s will. In ministry, especially, where decisions can impact people’s spiritual lives, sustained, intentional prayer ensures that we are guided by God and not by our own limited understanding or desires.

Jesus' choice of ordinary men—fishermen, a tax collector, and others of humble background—demonstrates that God values availability and willingness over social status, education, or religious credentials. This is a reminder that God can use anyone for His purposes, regardless of their background. In ministry today, we often look for qualifications and outward signs of ability, but Jesus' example teaches us that God sees the heart and equips those He calls. It encourages us to recognize that God can work through the most unlikely people, and it challenges those in ministry to see potential in others, trusting that God's power is made perfect in weakness (2 Corinthians 12:9).

2 Corinthians 12:9 KJV

9 And he said unto me, My grace is sufficient for thee: for my strength is made perfect in weakness. Most gladly therefore will I rather glory in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me.

C. The Identity of the Twelve Apostles (Luke 6:13-16)

Luke 6:13–16 KJV

13 And when it was day, he called unto him his disciples: and of them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles; 14 Simon, (whom he also named Peter,) and Andrew his brother, James and John, Philip and Bartholomew, 15 Matthew and Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon called Zelotes, 16 And Judas the brother of James, and Judas Iscariot, which also was the traitor.

Explanation:

The Twelve Apostles were chosen by Jesus from common, everyday backgrounds, such as fishermen, a tax collector, and other ordinary professions. None of them came from the religious elite, like the Pharisees, Sadducees, or scribes. This selection was significant because it demonstrated that God’s work does not depend on religious credentials or societal status but on those who are willing to follow Him. Their names are recorded in Scripture, marking their eternal importance in God's plan. By deliberately bypassing the theologically trained leaders of Israel, Jesus issued a silent but clear judgment on the corruption and spiritual blindness of the religious establishment. The Pharisees and Sadducees had become legalistic, self-righteous, and resistant to the truth of the gospel, so Jesus chose humble, untrained men to carry the message of salvation, showing that God’s grace would work through the "common" rather than the religiously elite.

The Twelve Apostles ~ John R. Rice

Note carefully these apostles. Peter heads the list every time they are named. There are three sets of brothers: Andrew and Peter, James and John, and James the Less and Judas (not Iscariot). There are two Simons: Simon Peter and Simon called Zelotes. There are two Judases: Judas the brother of James the Less and Judas Iscariot. Jesus nicknamed James and John Sons of Thunder. Simon He surnamed Peter, the rock. Matthew had another name, Levi (Luke 5:27).

Luke 5:27 KJV

27 And after these things he went forth, and saw a publican, named Levi, sitting at the receipt of custom: and he said unto him, Follow me.

The lesser Judas, not Iscariot, was also called Lebbaeus, and with a surname Thaddaeus. Perhaps he preferred not to use the name Judas after the betrayer was known.

Verses 12 and 13 suggest that Jesus was still in the mountain where He prayed all night when He sent for a group of disciples. From them He selected the twelve to be called "apostles,” that is, ones sent, and gave them marvelous powers to cast out devils and heal the sick, as we are told in the companion Scripture, Matthew 10:1.

Matthew 10:1 KJV

1 And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of disease.

These twelve were specially commanded to go before Jesus "to the lost sheep of the house of Israel,” in the cities and towns where Jesus would follow. Detailed instruction for that tour of cities was given, with warnings of persecution.

The twelve are to be witnesses to Jesus’ resurrection after His crucifixion and ascension; must have been with Him in all His ministry from the baptism of John to His resurrection (Acts 1:22).

Acts 1:22 KJV

22 Beginning from the baptism of John, unto that same day that he was taken up from us, must one be ordained to be a witness with us of his resurrection.

There must be twelve, as witness to Israel, so Matthias was elected after Judas’ death.

Others called apostles later are Paul and Barnabas (Acts 14:14), James the brother of our Lord (Gal. 1:19), and Jesus Himself (Heb. 3:1).

Acts 14:14 AV 1873

14 Which when the apostles, Barnabas and Paul, heard of, they rent their clothes, and ran in among the people, crying out,

Galatians 1:19 AV 1873

19 But other of the apostles saw I none, save James the Lord’s brother.

Hebrews 3:1 KJV

1 Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus;

Cross-References:

God chooses the weak to shame the strong, so no one can boast before God.

1 Corinthians 1:26–29 KJV

26 For ye see your calling, brethren, how that not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called: 27 But God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to confound the wise; and God hath chosen the weak things of the world to confound the things which are mighty; 28 And base things of the world, and things which are despised, hath God chosen, yea, and things which are not, to bring to nought things that are: 29 That no flesh should glory in his presence.

III. The Twelve Apostles: Representatives of a New Spiritual Israel

Explanation:

A. The Receptive Apostles Replace the Rejecting Apostates

Temporal-Spiritual Transference: The Twelve Apostles represent the new leadership over spiritual Israel, replacing the apostate leadership of the Pharisees and Sadducees.

The Twelve Apostles represent the new spiritual leadership over Israel during Christ's earthly ministry, but they do not mean that the church has replaced Israel in God's plan. Israel and the church are distinct entities in God's unfolding plan of redemption. The Apostles were chosen to lead the message of the New Covenant to Israel and later to the Gentiles, symbolizing a judgment on the corrupt religious leadership of their day (the Pharisees and Sadducees). However, this leadership does not negate the future promises God made to Israel.

In the future, during the millennial reign of Christ, God will fulfill His promises to ethnic Israel, restoring them as a nation. The church has not "replaced" Israel; rather, the church and Israel have distinct roles in God's plan. The Apostles' leadership is part of the transition, not a replacement, of Israel. The church exists alongside Israel, but God’s covenant promises to Israel remain intact and will be fulfilled in the millennial Kingdom.

B. Their Future in the Millennium

In the millennial Kingdom, they will sit on thrones, ruling over the twelve tribes of Israel (Luke 22:29-30).

Luke 22:29–30 KJV

29 And I appoint unto you a kingdom, as my Father hath appointed unto me; 30 That ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

In Luke 22:29-30, Jesus makes a remarkable promise to His Apostles: "And I appoint unto you a kingdom, as my Father hath appointed unto me; That ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel." This statement is a direct reference to the millennial Kingdom—the future, thousand-year reign of Christ on earth following His second coming, as described in Revelation 20:4-6.

Revelation 20:4–6 KJV

4 And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast, neither his image, neither had received his mark upon their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years. 5 But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection. 6 Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years.

1. The Millennial Kingdom:

The millennial Kingdom is a period of Christ's reign on earth, during which He will establish His authority as King over all nations. According to prophecy, this will be a time of peace, righteousness, and justice. Jesus will rule from His throne in Jerusalem, and all nations will come to worship Him and learn His ways (Isaiah 2:2-4; Zechariah 14:9).

Isaiah 2:2–4 KJV

2 And it shall come to pass in the last days, that the mountain of the LORD’S house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow unto it. 3 And many people shall go and say, Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. 4 And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

Zechariah 14:9 KJV

9 And the LORD shall be king over all the earth: in that day shall there be one LORD, and his name one.

It is during this time that the promises made to Israel throughout the Old Testament will be fulfilled, and the nation of Israel will be restored to its rightful place in God's redemptive plan.

2. The Role of the Apostles:

In this Kingdom, Jesus promises that the Apostles will have a unique and honored role. They will sit on thrones, exercising authority as judges over the twelve tribes of Israel. This is significant because it underscores their role as foundational leaders in both the New Covenant and the spiritual restoration of Israel. Jesus, in choosing twelve Apostles, symbolically connects them to the twelve tribes of Israel, representing a new spiritual leadership for the nation. In the millennial reign, they will fulfill this leadership role in a literal sense, acting as rulers over the restored nation of Israel.

3. Judging the Twelve Tribes of Israel:

The idea of "judging" the twelve tribes does not imply passing final judgment in a punitive sense, but rather exercising governance, leadership, and guidance. The Apostles, having walked closely with Jesus during His earthly ministry and having been entrusted with His gospel message, will be the spiritual overseers of the twelve tribes of Israel in this future Kingdom. They will have the responsibility of ruling in righteousness, guiding the people of Israel according to God's will, and ensuring that Christ's reign is executed faithfully and justly among the Jewish people. This role fulfills God’s promise to restore Israel as a nation under godly leadership, as prophesied in passages like Jeremiah 31:31-34 and Ezekiel 37:21-28.

Jeremiah 31:31–34 KJV

31 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah: 32 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD: 33 But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people. 34 And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the LORD: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.

Ezekiel 37:21–28 KJV

21 And say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will take the children of Israel from among the heathen, whither they be gone, and will gather them on every side, and bring them into their own land: 22 And I will make them one nation in the land upon the mountains of Israel; and one king shall be king to them all: and they shall be no more two nations, neither shall they be divided into two kingdoms any more at all: 23 Neither shall they defile themselves any more with their idols, nor with their detestable things, nor with any of their transgressions: but I will save them out of all their dwellingplaces, wherein they have sinned, and will cleanse them: so shall they be my people, and I will be their God. 24 And David my servant shall be king over them; and they all shall have one shepherd: they shall also walk in my judgments, and observe my statutes, and do them. 25 And they shall dwell in the land that I have given unto Jacob my servant, wherein your fathers have dwelt; and they shall dwell therein, even they, and their children, and their children’s children for ever: and my servant David shall be their prince for ever. 26 Moreover I will make a covenant of peace with them; it shall be an everlasting covenant with them: and I will place them, and multiply them, and will set my sanctuary in the midst of them for evermore. 27 My tabernacle also shall be with them: yea, I will be their God, and they shall be my people. 28 And the heathen shall know that I the LORD do sanctify Israel, when my sanctuary shall be in the midst of them for evermore.

4. The Connection to Israel’s Past:

This promise also ties the Apostles to Israel’s historical legacy. The twelve tribes of Israel, descended from the twelve sons of Jacob, were the foundation of the nation of Israel, both geographically and spiritually. However, throughout Israel's history, the tribes often fell into apostasy, leading to the nation's exile and division. The millennial Kingdom will mark a time of Israel's full spiritual restoration. The Apostles, representing the new and true Israel, will lead this restored nation in faithfulness, fulfilling the redemptive purposes of God for His chosen people. Their reign reflects the ultimate fulfillment of Israel’s covenant promises, where the nation will dwell in righteousness and peace under Christ’s authority (Isaiah 9:6-7).

Isaiah 9:6–7 KJV

6 For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. 7 Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.

5. Their Eternal Significance:

This role as rulers in the millennial Kingdom further underscores the eternal significance of the Apostles. As Jesus told them in

Matthew 19:28 KJV

28 And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

Not only will they be honored in this future Kingdom, but their names are inscribed on the foundations of the New Jerusalem, the eternal city of God, as described in Revelation 21:12-14.

Their leadership in the millennial Kingdom and their eternal recognition reflect the enduring impact of their ministry and faithfulness to Christ’s mission.

Revelation 21:12–14 KJV

12 And had a wall great and high, and had twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels, and names written thereon, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel: 13 On the east three gates; on the north three gates; on the south three gates; and on the west three gates. 14 And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and in them the names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.

The Apostles' future role in the millennial Kingdom serves as a powerful testimony to God's plan of redemption and restoration. These twelve men, once common and flawed, will be exalted to positions of great authority in the reign of Christ, ruling over the twelve tribes of Israel. Their leadership will be marked by justice, righteousness, and faithfulness as they govern the restored nation, fulfilling the promises made to Israel and showcasing the power of God’s grace to transform ordinary men into extraordinary leaders for His eternal Kingdom.

C. Their Calling and Training (Mark 3:14)

Explanation:

1. These men are first called to be disciples, learners, and followers of Christ before they are sent as Apostles (Mark 3:14).

Mark 3:14 KJV

14 And he ordained twelve, that they should be with him, and that he might send them forth to preach,

2. Jesus teaches and trains them, knowing their weaknesses and faults.

Lesson One - Jesus Models Ministry by Serving and Preaching to the Multitudes on the Plain (Luke 6:17-19)

Luke 6:17–19 KJV

17 And he came down with them, and stood in the plain, and the company of his disciples, and a great multitude of people out of all Judaea and Jerusalem, and from the sea coast of Tyre and Sidon, which came to hear him, and to be healed of their diseases; 18 And they that were vexed with unclean spirits: and they were healed. 19 And the whole multitude sought to touch him: for there went virtue out of him, and healed them all.

The Marvelous Ministry of Jesus ~ John R. Rice

Notice that from far and near they came to hear the Saviour—from the Mediterranean coast around Tyre and Sidon, from Jerusalem all the way up to Galilee, and we suppose to Capernaum. Healing was a great part of His ministry. Devils were cast out. People came for blessing and got it. The fame of Jesus went everywhere. We can see that the carnal, natural man takes more to the healing ministry and material blessing than to spiritual preaching. But there ought to be a lesson for us in that the Spirit-filled man of God should have power for whatever is needed in the will of God.

3. They lacked spiritual understanding, humility, faith, commitment, and power, but Jesus patiently taught and empowered them.

a. Lack of Spiritual Understanding:

The Apostles often failed to grasp the deeper spiritual truths Jesus taught. Many times, Jesus would teach them a lesson or share a parable, only to find them confused and unable to comprehend its meaning. For example, in Mark 8:17-21, Jesus rebukes them for misunderstanding the significance of the miracle of the loaves, saying, "Do ye not yet understand?"

Mark 8:17–21 KJV

17 And when Jesus knew it, he saith unto them, Why reason ye, because ye have no bread? perceive ye not yet, neither understand? have ye your heart yet hardened? 18 Having eyes, see ye not? and having ears, hear ye not? and do ye not remember? 19 When I brake the five loaves among five thousand, how many baskets full of fragments took ye up? They say unto him, Twelve. 20 And when the seven among four thousand, how many baskets full of fragments took ye up? And they said, Seven. 21 And he said unto them, How is it that ye do not understand?

They were spiritually dull, often focused on the physical aspects of Jesus' miracles rather than the spiritual lessons behind them. Despite this, Jesus continued to teach them patiently, repeating lessons, explaining parables, and providing further clarification.

b. Lack of Humility:

The disciples often displayed pride and self-centeredness. They argued among themselves about who would be the greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven (Mark 9:33-34).

Mark 9:33–34 KJV

33 And he came to Capernaum: and being in the house he asked them, What was it that ye disputed among yourselves by the way? 34 But they held their peace: for by the way they had disputed among themselves, who should be the greatest.

James and John even requested special places of honor in the coming Kingdom, asking to sit on Jesus' right and left hands (Mark 10:35-37).

Mark 10:35–37 KJV

35 And James and John, the sons of Zebedee, come unto him, saying, Master, we would that thou shouldest do for us whatsoever we shall desire. 36 And he said unto them, What would ye that I should do for you? 37 They said unto him, Grant unto us that we may sit, one on thy right hand, and the other on thy left hand, in thy glory.

Despite their self-promotion, Jesus gently corrected them, teaching that true greatness in the Kingdom of God is found in servanthood and humility. He set the ultimate example by washing their feet (John 13:3-17), demonstrating that leadership in His Kingdom is about humble service, not self-exaltation.

John 13:3–17 KJV

3 Jesus knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he was come from God, and went to God; 4 He riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments; and took a towel, and girded himself. 5 After that he poureth water into a bason, and began to wash the disciples’ feet, and to wipe them with the towel wherewith he was girded. 6 Then cometh he to Simon Peter: and Peter saith unto him, Lord, dost thou wash my feet? 7 Jesus answered and said unto him, What I do thou knowest not now; but thou shalt know hereafter. 8 Peter saith unto him, Thou shalt never wash my feet. Jesus answered him, If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with me. 9 Simon Peter saith unto him, Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head. 10 Jesus saith to him, He that is washed needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit: and ye are clean, but not all. 11 For he knew who should betray him; therefore said he, Ye are not all clean. 12 So after he had washed their feet, and had taken his garments, and was set down again, he said unto them, Know ye what I have done to you? 13 Ye call me Master and Lord: and ye say well; for so I am. 14 If I then, your Lord and Master, have washed your feet; ye also ought to wash one another’s feet. 15 For I have given you an example, that ye should do as I have done to you. 16 Verily, verily, I say unto you, The servant is not greater than his lord; neither he that is sent greater than he that sent him. 17 If ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them.

c. Lack of Faith:

On several occasions, the disciples were reprimanded for their weak faith. For example, when Jesus calmed the storm, He questioned their fear and lack of belief, saying, "Why are ye fearful, O ye of little faith?" (Matthew 8:26).

Matthew 8:26 KJV

26 And he saith unto them, Why are ye fearful, O ye of little faith? Then he arose, and rebuked the winds and the sea; and there was a great calm.

Even after witnessing countless miracles—feeding thousands, healing the sick, raising the dead—their faith would waver in times of personal trial or danger. Jesus consistently sought to build their faith, performing miracles not just for the crowds but also for the disciples, to strengthen their trust in Him as the Son of God.

d. Lack of Commitment:

The disciples followed Jesus enthusiastically when things were going well, but when faced with danger or difficulty, their commitment faltered. At the time of Jesus' arrest, they all fled (Mark 14:50), and Peter famously denied even knowing Jesus three times (Luke 22:54-62).

Mark 14:50 KJV

50 And they all forsook him, and fled.

Luke 22:54–62 KJV

54 Then took they him, and led him, and brought him into the high priest’s house. And Peter followed afar off. 55 And when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the hall, and were set down together, Peter sat down among them. 56 But a certain maid beheld him as he sat by the fire, and earnestly looked upon him, and said, This man was also with him. 57 And he denied him, saying, Woman, I know him not. 58 And after a little while another saw him, and said, Thou art also of them. And Peter said, Man, I am not. 59 And about the space of one hour after another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this fellow also was with him: for he is a Galilaean. 60 And Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew. 61 And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how he had said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. 62 And Peter went out, and wept bitterly.

However, Jesus did not cast them aside. He prayed for them, particularly for Peter, that his faith would not fail permanently (Luke 22:32).

Luke 22:32 KJV

32 But I have prayed for thee, that thy faith fail not: and when thou art converted, strengthen thy brethren.

After His resurrection, Jesus reinstated Peter, restoring his commitment and commissioning him to "feed my sheep" (John 21:15-17).

John 21:15–17 KJV

15 So when they had dined, Jesus saith to Simon Peter, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me more than these? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my lambs. 16 He saith to him again the second time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my sheep. 17 He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me? And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep.

e. Lack of Power:

Before Pentecost, the disciples lacked the spiritual power to carry out Jesus' mission. Even when they attempted to cast out demons, they sometimes failed due to a lack of faith and spiritual authority (Mark 9:18).

Mark 9:18 KJV

18 And wheresoever he taketh him, he teareth him: and he foameth, and gnasheth with his teeth, and pineth away: and I spake to thy disciples that they should cast him out; and they could not.

Jesus taught them that such power comes only through prayer and fasting (Mark 9:29).

Mark 9:29 KJV

29 And he said unto them, This kind can come forth by nothing, but by prayer and fasting.

After His ascension, He promised them the Holy Spirit, who would empower them to be His witnesses "unto the uttermost part of the earth" (Acts 1:8).

Acts 1:8 KJV

8 But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth.

At Pentecost, the Holy Spirit filled them with divine power, transforming them from fearful men into bold preachers of the gospel.

Despite these deficiencies, Jesus did not give up on the Apostles. He patiently taught them, corrected their faults, and led them by example. Through His teaching, the empowerment of the Holy Spirit, and continued grace, these ordinary, flawed men became extraordinary instruments for spreading the gospel and establishing the church. Their transformation is a powerful reminder that God’s work is accomplished through His strength, not human perfection, so that He alone receives the glory.

Illustration:

Like common stones that Jesus would shape into diamonds, the Apostles had many weaknesses, but Jesus transformed them into powerful leaders. The Apostles were ordinary men—fishermen, tax collectors, zealots—common and flawed, much like rough, unpolished stones. Their initial weaknesses made them seem unlikely candidates to lead a movement that would change the world. Yet, in the hands of Jesus, they were gradually shaped, refined, and transformed into pillars of the early church, much like how raw diamonds are carefully cut and polished to reveal their brilliance.

Their Rough Edges:

Each Apostle had significant personal flaws. Peter was impulsive, quick to speak without thinking, often failing to understand Jesus' teachings. Thomas was skeptical and doubted even the resurrection of Christ until he saw the wounds himself. James and John, known as the "Sons of Thunder," were ambitious and quick-tempered, once asking Jesus to call fire down from heaven on a Samaritan village (Luke 9:54).

Luke 9:54 KJV

54 And when his disciples James and John saw this, they said, Lord, wilt thou that we command fire to come down from heaven, and consume them, even as Elias did?

Judas, of course, betrayed Jesus for money. These men, full of imperfections, had rough, unrefined qualities that could have disqualified them from spiritual leadership in the eyes of the world.

The Shaping Process:

Jesus did not discard these men because of their flaws; instead, He chose them precisely because their transformation would showcase God's power. Over time, He carefully shaped them through teaching, correction, and by modeling humility and servanthood. His patience with their failures was part of their refinement. Jesus rebuked Peter for his impulsiveness (Matthew 16:23), corrected the disciples’ ambition by teaching them about true greatness through service (Mark 9:35), and addressed their lack of faith through miracles that increased their understanding and belief.

Matthew 16:23 KJV

23 But he turned, and said unto Peter, Get thee behind me, Satan: thou art an offence unto me: for thou savourest not the things that be of God, but those that be of men.

Mark 9:35 KJV

35 And he sat down, and called the twelve, and saith unto them, If any man desire to be first, the same shall be last of all, and servant of all.

Pressure That Transformed:

Just as diamonds are formed under intense pressure, the Apostles' true transformation came through the trials they faced. The pressure of persecution, opposition, and their failures ultimately molded them into the powerful leaders Christ intended them to be. Peter, who once denied Christ, would later stand boldly before crowds at Pentecost, preaching the gospel with authority and seeing thousands come to faith (Acts 2). Thomas, once skeptical, became a missionary who, according to tradition, took the gospel to India. Each Apostle, through hardship and trial, was refined, their weaknesses turned into strengths by the work of God in their lives.

The Polishing of the Holy Spirit:

The final stage in their transformation was the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. Before that event, the Apostles were often weak and fearful, lacking the power to carry out the mission Christ had given them. But when the Holy Spirit filled them, they were empowered, not just with the ability to perform miracles, but with boldness, wisdom, and spiritual authority. The Spirit "polished" them, turning their once-rough edges into qualities that would glorify God. Through the Spirit's power, their weaknesses—whether it was Peter’s impulsiveness or Thomas’ doubt—became points of strength, as they learned to rely on divine wisdom rather than human understanding.

Their Final Brilliance:

By the time their mission was in full swing, the Apostles had been fully transformed into powerful leaders. Like diamonds, they shone with the brilliance of Christ’s work in them. They preached the gospel boldly, planted churches, wrote much of the New Testament, and their teachings and examples continue to influence the church to this day. Their lives became testimonies of God's transformative power. The very men who had once fled in fear during Christ’s arrest later faced martyrdom with courage, steadfast in their faith.

The Apostles' transformation is a testament to Jesus’ ability to take what is rough, weak, and flawed, and turn it into something valuable and strong for His purposes. Like common stones turned into diamonds, the Apostles' weaknesses were not obstacles but opportunities for God’s power to be revealed. Their lives encourage believers today that no matter how ordinary or flawed we may be, in the hands of Christ, we too can be shaped and polished into instruments for His glory.

D. Their Role in the Early Church (Eph. 2:20)

Explanation:

1. Apostles were foundational to the church (Ephesians 2:20).

Ephesians 2:20 KJV

20 And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone;

2. They received divine revelation (Ephesians 3:5) and were sources of doctrine for the early church (Acts 2:42).

Ephesians 3:5 KJV

5 Which in other ages was not made known unto the sons of men, as it is now revealed unto his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit;

Acts 2:42 KJV

42 And they continued stedfastly in the apostles’ doctrine and fellowship, and in breaking of bread, and in prayers.

3. They were given miracle power to confirm their message (2 Corinthians 12:12).

2 Corinthians 12:12 KJV

12 Truly the signs of an apostle were wrought among you in all patience, in signs, and wonders, and mighty deeds.

The last Apostle was John because he was the final living witness of the resurrected Christ, having been personally chosen and commissioned by Jesus Himself, like the other Apostles. The role of an Apostle, as established by Christ, was unique to the foundational period of the church, requiring direct, personal experience with the risen Lord (Acts 1:21-22) and a specific commissioning for ministry by Him.

Acts 1:21–22 KJV

21 Wherefore of these men which have companied with us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, 22 Beginning from the baptism of John, unto that same day that he was taken up from us, must one be ordained to be a witness with us of his resurrection.

John, as the last surviving Apostle, carried this unique authority, writing the final books of the New Testament under divine inspiration.

There are no modern-day "Apostles" like the original Twelve because their role was to lay the foundation of the church (Ephesians 2:20), establish doctrine, and serve as eyewitnesses to Christ’s resurrection. Once this foundation was laid and the New Testament canon was completed, the office of Apostle in this authoritative, foundational sense ceased. Modern believers continue the work of the Apostles by proclaiming the gospel, but the unique, foundational office is not passed on.

Conclusion

Encouragement:

A. God uses ordinary people to do extraordinary things for His glory.

B. If God could use the weak, flawed Apostles, He can use us.

Illustration:

The Apostles were not "stained-glass saints" but men with defects and shortcomings, yet they changed the world through Christ's power. The Apostles were not "stained-glass saints" in the sense that we often think of them today—elevated figures depicted in art, flawless and serene, somehow distant from the struggles and realities of life. Rather, they were ordinary men with very real defects, fears, and doubts. Peter, despite his bold proclamations of loyalty, denied Jesus three times out of fear for his own safety. Thomas, though he had walked with Jesus for years, doubted the resurrection until he could see the wounds with his own eyes. James and John, in their early zeal, were more concerned with power and prestige than servanthood, asking to sit at Jesus' right and left in His kingdom. And yet, it was these very men—flawed, unsure, and often misunderstanding Jesus’ teachings—who would go on to be the foundation of the church.

Imagine for a moment a broken, chipped piece of pottery. It doesn’t seem to have much value, does it? It’s cracked, imperfect, and unable to hold anything without leaking. But in the hands of a skilled craftsman, that same broken vessel can be restored and transformed into something beautiful—filled with gold to highlight the very cracks that once marred it, turning its imperfections into a mark of beauty. In Japanese pottery, this is known as kintsugi, where the fractures are repaired with precious metals, not to hide the flaws, but to embrace and celebrate them as part of the object’s history and uniqueness.

This is what Christ did with the Apostles. He didn’t choose them for their perfection but for their potential. Through their failures, He taught them. Through their doubts, He revealed His truth. Through their weaknesses, He displayed His power. And after the resurrection, when they were filled with the Holy Spirit, these same men—once so hesitant and unsure—boldly preached the gospel, stood firm in the face of persecution, and ultimately turned the world upside down. Their weaknesses were not erased, but transformed, and it became clear to all that their strength came not from themselves, but from the God who empowered them.

Just as God used the cracked, imperfect vessels of the Apostles to carry the gospel to the ends of the earth, He can use us in our weaknesses and imperfections to do extraordinary things for His glory. Like kintsugi pottery, it is through our cracks that His grace shines brightest, reminding us that it is His power, not our own, that changes the world.

Closing Prayer

Pray for humility and the willingness to be used by God despite our weaknesses, just as He used the Apostles.