Judaism (Part 1)
Tony Schachle
World Religions and Cults • Sermon • Submitted • Presented
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BACKGROUND
The Patriarchs
Abraham
Abraham’s family were pagans and polytheists.
2 And Joshua said to all the people, “Thus says the Lord God of Israel: ‘Your fathers, including Terah, the father of Abraham and the father of Nahor, dwelt on the other side of the River in old times; and they served other gods.
God called him out of paganism and polytheism.
1 Now the Lord had said to Abram: “Get out of your country, From your family And from your father’s house, To a land that I will show you. 2 I will make you a great nation; I will bless you And make your name great; And you shall be a blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, And I will curse him who curses you; And in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed.”
God promises to make Abraham the father of many nations.
5 No longer shall your name be called Abram, but your name shall be Abraham; for I have made you a father of many nations.
Isaac
Abraham’s firstborn son was Ishmael.
15 So Hagar bore Abram a son; and Abram named his son, whom Hagar bore, Ishmael. 16 Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore Ishmael to Abram.
But Isaac was the son of promise.
19 Then God said: “No, Sarah your wife shall bear you a son, and you shall call his name Isaac; I will establish My covenant with him for an everlasting covenant, and with his descendants after him.
Isaac and Rebekah had two sons: Esau and Jacob.
24 So when her days were fulfilled for her to give birth, indeed there were twins in her womb.
Jacob
Was the younger brother, but received the birthright and the blessing over Esau.
36 And Esau said, “Is he not rightly named Jacob? For he has supplanted me these two times. He took away my birthright, and now look, he has taken away my blessing!” And he said, “Have you not reserved a blessing for me?”
Had twelve sons with four different wives.
22 And it happened, when Israel dwelt in that land, that Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father’s concubine; and Israel heard about it. Now the sons of Jacob were twelve: 23 the sons of Leah were Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn, and Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun; 24 the sons of Rachel were Joseph and Benjamin; 25 the sons of Bilhah, Rachel’s maidservant, were Dan and Naphtali; 26 and the sons of Zilpah, Leah’s maidservant, were Gad and Asher. These were the sons of Jacob who were born to him in Padan Aram.
Blessed Joseph with the double portion blessing.
5 And now your two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, who were born to you in the land of Egypt before I came to you in Egypt, are mine; as Reuben and Simeon, they shall be mine.
The Twelve Tribes of Israel
Reuben
Simeon
Judah
Dan
Naphtali
Gad
Asher
Issachar
Zebulun
Ephraim
Manasseh
Benjamin
Judah
The words Jew and Judaism are derived from the name Judah.
Judah became the name of the Southern Kingdom when the nation of Israel was split into two kingdoms after the reign of Solomon.
The Northern Kingdom retained the name Israel.
The Southern Kingdom became known as Judah.
Moses
From the Tribe of Levi.
Miraculously saved from death as an infant.
Grew up as a son of Pharaoh’s daughter in Egypt.
Fled Egypt after killing an Egyptian.
Called by God out of a burning bush in the wilderness. Exodus 3
Called by God to lead Israel out of slavery in Egypt to the Promised Land.
Used by God to send ten plagues on Egypt.
Led Israel across the Red Sea on dry ground.
God have him the Ten Commandments on Mt. Sinai.
God gave him the rest of the Law.
BELIEFS
Books
Tanakh
The Tanakh is the same as the Old Testament of the Bible.
It is arranged into 24 books instead of 39.
Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles are combined into one book each instead of two.
The 12 minor prophets are combined into one book.
The Tanakh includes the Torah, which are the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.
The Torah is also known as the Pentateuch.
Talmud
A collection of legal and ethical writings as well as Jewish history and folklore.
Serves primarily as a guide to the civil and religious laws of Judaism.
The laws of the Talmud were originally passed down orally until around AD200 when they were written down in what is called the Mishnah.
Later, scholars interpreted the Mishnah and their comments were recorded in the Gemara between AD 200 to 500.
The Mishnah and the Gemara together make up the Talmud.
There are two versions of the Talmud: the Babylonian Talmud and the Jerusalem Talmud.
Teachings
13 Principles of Faith
I believe by complete faith that the Creator, blessed be His name, is the Creator and Guide for all created beings. He alone made, makes, and will make all that is created.
I believe by complete faith that the Creator, blessed be His name, is a Unity, and there is no union in any way like Him. He alone is our God, who was, who is, and who is to be.
I believe by complete faith that the Creator, blessed be His name, is not a body, is not affected by physical matter, and nothing whatsoever can compare to Him or be compared with Him.
I believe by complete faith that the Creator, blessed be His name, is the first and is the last.
I believe by complete faith that the Creator, blessed be His name, to Him alone is it fitting to make prayer and to another prayer shall not be made.
I believe by complete faith that all the words of the prophets are true.
I believe by complete faith that the prophesy of Moses our teacher, may peace rest upon him, was true and that he was the father of all prophets that preceded him as well as all that came after him.
I believe by complete faith that the whole Torah now found in our hands was the exact same one given to Moses, may peace rest upon him.
I believe by complete faith that this is the Torah, and it shall not be changed and it shall not be replaced with another from the Creator, blessed be His name.
I believe by complete faith that the Creator, blessed be His name, knows every action done by each human being as well as all their thoughts, as it was said, "It is He that fashions their hearts together and He ponders all their deeds" [Ps. 33:15].
I believe by complete faith that the Creator, blessed be His name, rewards all who keep His commandments and punishes all those who transgress His commands.
I believe by complete faith in the coming of the Messiah, and even though he tarry in waiting, in spite of that, I will still wait expectantly for him each day that he will come.
I believe by complete faith that there will be a resurrection of the dead at the time that will be pleasing before the Creator, blessed be His name, and the remembrance of Him will be exalted forever and for all eternity.
Major Divisions
Pharisees
Strict adherence to the Law of Moses and Tanakh.
Also held to oral tradition (Talmud).
Believed in the resurrection from the dead.
Trace roots back to the Maccabean revolt of 150 BC.
Became the basis for modern Rabbinic Judaism after the fall of Jerusalem in AD 70.
Sadducees
Trace roots back to Zadok the high priest (1 Kings 1:8).
Held the priestly and ruling responsibilities in the Temple.
Do not believe in the resurrection from the dead.
Essenes
May have been a division of the Sadducees.
Became one of the three major divisions of the Jews around the first century AD.
They lived in communes and abstained from worldly desires.
They lived in poverty with very strict rules.
They are known for the Dead Sea Scrolls.
Scribes
Highly trained scholars.
Devoted to copying the scriptures.
Also held the responsibilities of bankers, judges, and governing authorities.
The Masoretes who meticulously copied the Hebrew Bible until the tenth century were Scribes.
Zealots
Often considered fanatics.
Wanted to do away with Roman rule.
Trace roots back to the Maccabean revolt against Rome around 150 BC.
Influenced many Jews to rebel against Rome which likely led to the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple in AD 70.
Modern Judaism
Orthodox Judaism
A movement holding traditional beliefs and practices such as kosher diets, Sabbath rest, and distinctive dress codes.
Reform Judaism
A modern movement that began in the 1800’s that takes many liberal viewpoints and does away with conservative values and practices that are inherent to Orthodox Judaism.
Conservative Judaism
A group that tries to balance between Orthodox and Reform Judaism.
Secular Judaism
Those who still identify as Jews because of their ancestry, but have taken a step beyond Reform Judaism and are actually secular humanists.
Messianic Jews
Believe in the Old and New Testaments and have received Jesus Christ as Messiah and Savior.
Christians with Jewish ancestry.
May still retain certain aspects of Judaism (feasts, celebrations, etc.)
CHRISTIAN RESPONSE
Comparison
Similarities
One God (monotheism)
Old Testament
Genesis account of Creation
Abraham
Moses
Ten Commandments
Heaven
Final Judgment
Marriage
Sin’s Curse
Need for a Messiah
Differences
Diet
Judaists still maintain strict dietary restrictions.
Jesus declared all foods to be clean.
19 because it does not enter his heart but his stomach, and is eliminated, thus purifying all foods?”
Jesus as Messiah
Judaists still wait for a messiah and have a much lower view of who he will be.
Christians recognize Jesus as Messiah.
16 Simon Peter answered and said, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”
New Covenant
Judaists do not accept the New Testament scriptures and will not accept it as proof that Jesus is the Messiah.
Christians see the New Testament as the fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecies.
30 And truly Jesus did many other signs in the presence of His disciples, which are not written in this book; 31 but these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in His name.
Fulfillment in Christ
Tabernacle Design
The Outer Court
Represents how sin separates us from God.
Exodus 27:9-16
Isaiah 59:2
Jesus came to restore relationship with God.
2 Corinthians 5:18-19
The Altar of Burnt Offerings
Represents the need for a blood sacrifice.
Exodus 27:1-8
Jesus is the perfect and final sacrifice for sins.
Hebrews 10:12
The Bronze Laver
Represents the need for spiritual cleansing.
Exodus 30:18
Jesus provides cleansing for our sins.
1 John 1:7-9
Ephesians 5:26
The Table of Showbread
Represents the need to depend on God for sustenance.
Exodus 25:23-30
Jesus is the true Bread of Life.
John 6:22-59
The Golden Lampstand
Represents that God is light.
Exodus 25:31-40
Jesus is the Light of the World.
John 8:12
1 John 1:6-7
The Altar of Incense
Represents prayers lifted to God.
Exodus 30:1-5
Jesus is our Intercessor.
Romans 8:34
Hebrews 7:25
The Ark of the Covenant
Represents the presence of God.
Exodus 25:10-22
Jesus tore the veil and is our Intercessor.
Luke 22:44-47
Hebrews 10:19-20
The Sacrifices
The Burnt Offering
Voluntary offering to make payment for sins in general. Demonstrated devotion to God.
Leviticus 1:1-17
Christ’s death was the perfect offering for sin.
Hebrews 9:23-10:18
The Grain Offering
Voluntary offering to show honor and respect to God in worship. Acknowledged that all belongs to God.
Leviticus 2:1-16
Christ was the perfect Man who gave all of Himself to God and others.
1 Corinthians 11:23-24
The Peace Offering
Voluntary offering to show honor and respect to God in worship. Acknowledged that all belongs to God.
Leviticus 3:1-17
Christ is the only way to fellowship with God.
Romans 5:1
The Sin Offering
Required offering to make payment for unintentional sins of uncleanness, neglect, or thoughtlessness.
Leviticus 4:1-35
Christ’s death restores our fellowship with God
2 Corinthians 5:18-20
The Trespass Offering
Required offering to make payment for sins against God and others.
Leviticus 5:1-19
Christ’s death takes away the deadly consequences of sin.
Romans 6:23
The Feasts
Passover Exodus 12; Leviticus 23:5
Old Testament
Celebrates the exodus from Egypt.
One of three pilgrimage festivals.
Occurs in Spring (March-April).
Today celebrated with a Seder meal.
Fulfillment
Jesus is our Passover Lamb. 1 Corinthians 5:7
Jesus was crucified on Passover. Mark 14:12
Jesus is the Lamb without blemish. 1 Peter 1:9
Unleavened Bread Exodus 12:15-20; Leviticus 23:6
Old Testament
Lasts for 7 days after Passover.
Symbolizes the haste in which the Israelites fled Egypt.
The removal of leaven represents the removal of sin.
Fulfillment
Jesus was sinless. 2 Corinthians 5:21
Jesus is our Living Bread. John 6:51
First Fruits Leviticus 23:10
Old Testament
Occurred with the Passover celebration.
Marked the beginning of the harvest.
Brought a sheaf of grain as a wave offering.
Acknowledged God as source of provision.
Fulfillment
Jesus became the first fruits of the resurrection. 1 Corinthians 15:20
We are now awaiting our redemption. Romans 8:23
Pentecost Leviticus 23:16; Deuteronomy 16:16
Old Testament
50 days after Passover.
Marked the gathering of the harvest.
One of 3 pilgrimage feasts (Passover, Pentecost, and Tabernacles).
Only feast with leavened bread.
Fulfillment
Represents the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and the harvest of souls in the last days. Acts 2
Marks the birth of the church. Acts 2
Trumpets Leviticus 23:24
Old Testament
First of the fall feasts (first 4 are in Spring).
10 days of consecration to the Lord.
Occurred on the first day of the seventh month.
Also called Rosh Hashanah.
Fulfillment
Many believe that this feast points to the Rapture of the Church. 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18; 1 Corinthians 15:52
Also, the end times judgments of God are marked by the sounding of trumpets. Revelation 8-9
Atonement Leviticus 16:1-34; 23:27
Old Testament
Also known as Yom Kippur.
Occurs on the 10th day of the 7th month.
Was performed to atone for the sins of the nation of Israel.
Fulfillment
Jesus is our High Priest. Hebrews 7:27
Two goats represent Jesus as the propitiation and expiation of sin. Romans 5:9; Psalm 103:12
Tabernacles Leviticus 23:34
Old Testament
Also known as the Feast of Booths or Sukkot.
Occurs on the 15th day of the 7th month.
Remembered God’s provision over them during their time in the wilderness.
Fulfillment
God will once again “tabernacle” with His people. Micah 4:1-7
There is also a connection to Jesus and perhaps His birth. John 1:14
Judaism Today
Sacrifices
Animal sacrifices ended in AD 70.
Religious Jews today still observe the set feasts and hold to the traditions, but they do it without the animal sacrifices.
They use verses like Hosea 6:6.
But it is hard to ignore verses like Leviticus 17:11.
The Messiah
They do not believe Jesus is the Messiah.
They are still waiting for the Messiah to come.
The antichrist figure in Revelation may come initially and be accepted by the Jews as a messiah, but he will be a false messiah.
Israel will not accept Jesus as Messiah until His 2nd Coming.
The Third Temple
There are end times events prophesied in the Bible to take place in the Jewish Temple. Matthew 24:15; 2 Thessalonians 2:4
The Islamic Dome of the Rock currently sits on top of the Temple Mount.
The Jews will rebuild the Temple with the help of the antichrist. Daniel 9:24-27
The Red Heifers
The Water of Purification is required in order to perform sacrifices in the Temple. Numbers 19:11-22
There are red heifers in Israel right now that were brought there from the U.S., that are being observed for use in this sacrifice.
It is anticipated that this could happen as soon as this Fall.
Witnessing to Jews
Be prepared to present the Gospel of the Old Testament.
Be prepared to share how the New Testament is the fulfillment of the Old Testament promises.
How to reason from the Old Testament.
Messiah’s humanity. Genesis 3:15
Messiah’s Jewishness. Genesis 12:1-3; 28:10-15
Messiah’s tribe. Genesis 49:10
Messiah’s family. 2 Samuel 7:16; Jeremiah 23:5-6
Messiah’s birthplace. Genesis 5:2
Messiah’s life and death. Isaiah 53
Timing of Messiah’s appearing. Daniel 9:24-26
QUESTIONS?
