James 1:1 — A Servant’s Salutation

Text: James 1:1

Introduction

The book of James begins with a simple yet profound introduction:

"James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes in the Dispersion: Greetings." (James 1:1, ESV)

At first glance, this verse may appear to be a mere formal greeting, but it holds deep theological significance. James introduces himself not by emphasizing his physical relationship to Jesus—being His half-brother—but by humbly identifying as a “servant” (δοῦλος, doulos). This word, meaning bondservant or slave, sets the tone for the entire epistle, calling believers to a life of humility, submission, and service to Christ.

As John Calvin writes, "James might have commanded authority as a brother of Christ, but he rather glories in being his servant" (Commentary on James). This introduction reflects a heart of humility and devotion, qualities essential for all followers of Christ.

In this sermon, we will examine James 1:1 under three alliterated points:

The Sender’s Submission – James’ Identity as a Servant

The Sovereign’s Supremacy – The Lordship of Jesus Christ

The Saints’ Scattering – The Audience in Dispersion

1. The Sender’s Submission – James’ Identity as a Servant

Exegesis

James introduces himself not by his earthly credentials but by his spiritual identity. He calls himself a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ. The Greek word doulos conveys complete ownership and submission. This title was also used by Moses (Deuteronomy 34:5), David (Psalm 89:20), and Paul (Romans 1:1), indicating a deep, voluntary allegiance to God.

This is remarkable because James, as the half-brother of Jesus, once doubted Him (John 7:5). However, after Christ’s resurrection (1 Corinthians 15:7), James was radically transformed, becoming a pillar of the early church (Galatians 2:9).

Cross-References

Romans 6:22 – “But now that you have been set free from sin and have become slaves of God, the fruit you get leads to sanctification and its end, eternal life.”

Philippians 2:7 – Jesus Himself took “the form of a servant,” modeling humility for His followers.

Theological Insights

John MacArthur comments, “To be a slave of Christ is the highest honor, for it signifies total devotion to the Master who purchased us with His blood” (The MacArthur New Testament Commentary).

A.W. Pink adds, “The Christian life begins with surrender. To be Christ’s servant is not bondage but blessedness, for we are most free when we are wholly His” (The Sovereignty of God).

Application

Embrace humility – James could have boasted in his physical connection to Jesus, yet he delighted in servanthood.

Submit to Christ – We are not our own; we were bought with a price (1 Corinthians 6:19–20).

Serve faithfully – True greatness in the kingdom is found in servitude (Mark 10:43–45).

2. The Sovereign’s Supremacy – The Lordship of Jesus Christ

Exegesis

James refers to Jesus as “the Lord Jesus Christ,” affirming His divine authority. Each title holds significance:

"Lord" (Κύριος, Kyrios) – Emphasizes Jesus' sovereign rule.

"Jesus" (Ἰησοῦς, Iēsous) – His earthly name, meaning “Yahweh saves.”

"Christ" (Χριστός, Christos) – The Messiah, the anointed one.

James, a Jewish believer, equates Jesus with God—a radical confession for a monotheistic Jew. He acknowledges that Christ is not merely a teacher or prophet but the reigning King.

Cross-References

Philippians 2:9–11 – Every knee will bow and every tongue confess Jesus as Lord.

Colossians 1:16–18 – Christ is preeminent in all things.

Theological Insights

Martin Luther declared, “If anyone would know the power of religion, let him make Jesus his Lord and King” (Table Talk).

John Piper writes, “To call Jesus ‘Lord’ is to recognize His absolute claim over our lives. It is not mere lip service but total allegiance” (Desiring God).

Application

Recognize Christ’s authority – We are not in control; Christ reigns.

Live in obedience – If Jesus is truly Lord, His commands must shape our daily lives (Luke 6:46).

Proclaim His Lordship – Share the gospel boldly, declaring Christ as King.

3. The Saints’ Scattering – The Audience in Dispersion

Exegesis

James addresses “the twelve tribes in the Dispersion” (diaspora), referring to Jewish Christians scattered due to persecution (Acts 8:1; 1 Peter 1:1). These believers faced trials, poverty, and hostility from both Romans and unbelieving Jews.

Theologically, the dispersion foreshadows the Great Commission. God sovereignly scatters His people to spread the gospel. Persecution was not an accident but part of His divine plan.

Cross-References

Matthew 28:19 – "Go therefore and make disciples of all nations."

Acts 1:8 – The gospel will spread from Jerusalem to the ends of the earth.

Theological Insights

John Gill observes, “The dispersion of God’s people serves His greater purpose, for through suffering, the gospel is carried to the ends of the earth” (Exposition of the Entire Bible).

Charles Spurgeon encouraged, “The church flourishes when driven to its knees. Persecution does not destroy it; it refines it” (Lectures to My Students).

Application

Trust God’s Providence – Even in trials, He is sovereign.

Be a witness where you are – You may be scattered, but you are sent.

Find unity in Christ – The scattered church is still one body in Him.

Practical Applications

Submit to Christ – Like James, let your primary identity be that of a servant of Christ.

Surrender to His Lordship – Jesus is not just Savior; He is Lord. Live under His authority.

Stand firm in trials – The dispersed believers faced hardships, yet their faith endured.

Invitation

James’ opening verse presents us with a challenge: Will we submit to Christ as Lord and live as His faithful servants?

If you have never surrendered to Christ, today is the day. Repent and believe in Him, for “whoever calls upon the name of the Lord shall be saved” (Romans 10:13).

For believers, recommit yourself to living as a servant of Christ. Wherever God has placed you, live for His glory. As Jeremiah Burroughs wrote, “Contentment is found not in changing our circumstances, but in submitting to God’s sovereign will” (The Rare Jewel of Christian Contentment).

Closing Prayer

Heavenly Father, Thank You for the example of James, who humbly identified as Your servant. May we also submit to Christ as Lord and live in obedience to Him. Strengthen us in trials, use us for Your glory, and keep us faithful in our calling. For those who do not know You, draw them to repentance and salvation.

In Jesus’ name, Amen.