Discipleship School: Leviticus 11-16

Goals

reminder of the seriousness of sin

reminder of God’s holiness

greater understanding of how the Old Testament connects to the new

greater understanding of what Jesus did for us

MUCH GREATER APPRECIATION FOR PRAYER

Review of chapters 10-15

Aaron’s two oldest sons die because they offered strange fire before the Lord

in doing so, they disrespected God’s holiness

did something on their own - unauthorized

likely went into the holy of holies

were likely drunk

the fact that they set a bad example for the people had something to do with it

Leviticus 11-15 Summary

11 - Clean and unclean animals

12 - Childbirth - purification, circumcision, offering

13 and 14 - Serious skin diseases, mildew in houses

15 - Bodily discharge

Day of Atonement/Yom Kippur

The Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) was the most sacred and Holy day in ancient Israel, where the high priest made atonement for himself, the people, and purified the Tabernacle.

Passover - first holiday, serious but very celebratory

Day of Atonement - all serious and sacred

Yom - Day

Kippur - Covering Sin, Atonement

The Tabernacle

(show picture)

God dwelling among them, his tent

God dwelling among them

their king dwelling among them

outer court

inner court - holy place

throne room - most holy place, holy of holies

The Ark of the Covenant

(show picture)

ark - put in the holy of holies

lid of the ark was called the mercy seat

ark a sign of the convenant

also the ark was God’s “throne” inside of the throne room (holy of holies)

rope tied around high priest waist with bells

1. The High Priest Prepares Himself (v. 1-4)

Aaron (or the current high priest) must first wash himself and put on special linen garments (not his usual high priestly robes).

humble clothes

He must bring a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering (for himself and his family).

2. Two Goats Are Chosen for the People [and a ram] (v. 5-10)

The people provide two male goats for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering.

The high priest casts lots to determine:

One goat is sacrificed to the Lord.

The other goat (the scapegoat) is sent into the wilderness.

3. The High Priest Makes Atonement for Himself (v. 11-14)

He sacrifices the bull as a sin offering for himself and his household.

He takes a censer full of burning coals and incense into the Most Holy Place (behind the veil).

The smoke covers the mercy seat (so he does not die when entering God’s presence).

reminder of Isaiah’s throne room vision

idea of seeing God and dying

He sprinkles the bull’s blood on the mercy seat (the lid of the Ark of the Covenant).

4. The High Priest Makes Atonement for the People (v. 15-19)

He sacrifices the first goat for the people’s sins.

He takes its blood into the Most Holy Place and sprinkles it on the mercy seat (just like he did with the bull's blood).

He then applies the blood to the altar in the Holy Place to cleanse it from impurity.

5. The Scapegoat Carries Away the Sins (v. 20-22)

The high priest lays both hands on the second goat (the scapegoat) and confesses the sins of Israel over it.

only time he would say the name of the Lord?

The goat is sent into the wilderness, symbolizing the removal of sin from the people.

6. The High Priest Finishes the Atonement Ritual (v. 23-28)

He removes his linen garments, washes, and puts on his regular high priestly clothes.

He offers the burnt offering for himself and the people. (the rams)

The remains of the sin offerings (bull and goat) are taken outside the camp and burned.

7. The People Rest and Reflect (v. 29-34)

The Day of Atonement is a Sabbath of rest—no work is allowed.

The people are commanded to humble themselves (fast and repent).

be sorrowful for sin, reflect on it

This ritual is repeated every year as a permanent statute.

This process symbolized God’s mercy, cleansing, and the removal of sin, ultimately pointing to Jesus Christ as the perfect atonement for sin (Hebrews 9:11-14).

Hebrews 9:11–15 NLT

11 So Christ has now become the High Priest over all the good things that have come. He has entered that greater, more perfect Tabernacle in heaven, which was not made by human hands and is not part of this created world. 12 With his own blood—not the blood of goats and calves—he entered the Most Holy Place once for all time and secured our redemption forever. 13 Under the old system, the blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer could cleanse people’s bodies from ceremonial impurity. 14 Just think how much more the blood of Christ will purify our consciences from sinful deeds so that we can worship the living God. For by the power of the eternal Spirit, Christ offered himself to God as a perfect sacrifice for our sins. 15 That is why he is the one who mediates a new covenant between God and people, so that all who are called can receive the eternal inheritance God has promised them. For Christ died to set them free from the penalty of the sins they had committed under that first covenant.

Hebrews 9:18–28 NLT

18 That is why even the first covenant was put into effect with the blood of an animal. 19 For after Moses had read each of God’s commandments to all the people, he took the blood of calves and goats, along with water, and sprinkled both the book of God’s law and all the people, using hyssop branches and scarlet wool. 20 Then he said, “This blood confirms the covenant God has made with you.” 21 And in the same way, he sprinkled blood on the Tabernacle and on everything used for worship. 22 In fact, according to the law of Moses, nearly everything was purified with blood. For without the shedding of blood, there is no forgiveness. 23 That is why the Tabernacle and everything in it, which were copies of things in heaven, had to be purified by the blood of animals. But the real things in heaven had to be purified with far better sacrifices than the blood of animals. 24 For Christ did not enter into a holy place made with human hands, which was only a copy of the true one in heaven. He entered into heaven itself to appear now before God on our behalf. 25 And he did not enter heaven to offer himself again and again, like the high priest here on earth who enters the Most Holy Place year after year with the blood of an animal. 26 If that had been necessary, Christ would have had to die again and again, ever since the world began. But now, once for all time, he has appeared at the end of the age to remove sin by his own death as a sacrifice. 27 And just as each person is destined to die once and after that comes judgment, 28 so also Christ was offered once for all time as a sacrifice to take away the sins of many people. He will come again, not to deal with our sins, but to bring salvation to all who are eagerly waiting for him.

Matthew 27:50–51 NASB95

50 And Jesus cried out again with a loud voice, and yielded up His spirit. 51 And behold, the veil of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom; and the earth shook and the rocks were split.

through Jesus we can all have access to the throne room

Hebrews 4:16 NASB95

16 Therefore let us draw near with confidence to the throne of grace, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need.

think, mercy seat

When we pray, we are like that high priest!

But because of Jesus, we can go confidently and not in fear

it is an honor to go before God!

imagine saying, i forgot, I fell asleep . . . .

when you come before important people

careful of what you ask for

careful of how you ask

you don’t waste their time

Quiz

purpose of quiz is to help you remember context

What does the word Exodus mean?

If you want to read what happened before Exodus, which book of the Bible should you read?

What is the land of Goshen?

12 Tribes of Israel - Joseph’s tribe works a little different. How and why?

1/2 tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh

12 Tribes of Israel - Judah, Benjamin, Levi, Dan, Nephtali, Manasseh, Ephraim

Zebulun, Reuben, Simeon, Gad, Asher, Issachar

what tribe Moses, Aaron from

What tribe David from

What tribe Jesus from

Paul?

Where did the name of Israel come from?

First national holiday for Israel?

Other names for Abraham’s descendants - Jews, Hebrews, children of Israel, Israelites, Israel . . . new one (Judah)

How many plagues? 10

Name them

blood, frogs, gnats

flies, death of livestock, boils

hail, locust, darkness . . . death of first born

How many years in Egypt? 430 years

What did Pharaoh ask for when the children of Israel left Egypt?

How many people left?

What is God’s name?

What are four Hebrew consonants that make up God’s name called? Tetragrammaton

Understanding the Bible - TC3

Text - is it actually written in the scripture, if so then actually read it

Context - consider the verses around it, the book, the testament to determine meaning

Consistency - is it a consistent theme, lesson, principle taught in other parts of the Bible

Character - does it fit the character of God

(4th)Common sense - use your brain

After the Red Sea Miracle, what complaints have the people had so far?

no water

no food

no water

What does Jehova-Nissi mean?

What did Moses call the place where the Israelites complained about water (the 2nd time)?

Massah - test

Meribah - arguing

Moses Father in law’s name - Jethro

Moses wife’s name - Zipporah

Where were the children of Israel when God gave them the 10 commandments?

What are the 10 commandments

Here’s a brief version of the Ten Commandments:

1. **No other gods** – Worship only God.

2. **No idols** – Don’t make or worship idols.

3. **God’s name is holy** – Don’t misuse God's name.

4. **Keep the Sabbath** – Rest and keep the Sabbath day holy.

5. **Honor parents** – Respect your father and mother.

6. **Don’t murder** – Value human life.

7. **Don’t commit adultery** – Be faithful in marriage.

8. **Don’t steal** – Respect others’ property.

9. **Don’t lie** – Speak truthfully.

10. **Don’t covet** – Avoid envy of others’ possessions.

What is another name (popular Bible word) for contract, agreement, covenant? Testament

How did the people first break the covenant? (golden calf)

What do you know for certain about God:

God of compassion and mercy

slow to anger, filled with unfailing love and faithfulness

and it’s overflowing . . . he forgives

does not excuse the guilty

What was God’s tent called? Tabernacle

what was the most sacred place in the Tabernacle called, Holy of Holies

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