Bibliology 5: Inspiration of the Bible — Demonstrated

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The doctrine of inspiration does not rest upon one or two proof texts (although that would be sufficient), but is supported throughout the pages of scripture — either as direct statements, a fact taken for granted by the writers, or evidenced by the narrative. The proofs for Bible inspiration may be classified as follows:

1. Direct claims for inspiration.

2. Internal evidence for inspiration.

3. External evidence for inspiration.

I. Direct claims for Old Testament inspiration.

Over and over, the Old Testament directly claims to be the Word of God. We may categorize these claims as follows:

A. Old Testament writers were prophets

The New Testament refers to the Old Testament as the "scriptures of the prophets" — Romans 1:2; Hebrews 1:1; Il Peter 3:2a.

A prophet was a mouthpiece for God, regardless of his occupation in life. The Messianic prophecy in Deuteronomy 18:18-22 shows that true prophets could only speak as God gave them His words. See also: Exodus 7:1,2; Numbers 22:18; 1 Kings 14:18c; Ezekiel 3:17 and Amos 3:8.

The various writers of the Old Testament Books were prophets, as shown below, thus indicating the divine nature of their writings:

1. Moses Was A Prophet.

Hosea 12:13 KJV 1900
13 And by a prophet the Lord brought Israel out of Egypt, And by a prophet was he preserved.
Deuteronomy 34:10 KJV 1900
10 And there arose not a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses, whom the Lord knew face to face,

2. Samuel, Nathan & Gad Were Prophets.

1 Chronicles 29:29 KJV 1900
29 Now the acts of David the king, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of Samuel the seer, and in the book of Nathan the prophet, and in the book of Gad the seer,

3 David Was A Prophet.

Acts 2:30 KJV 1900
30 Therefore being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him, that of the fruit of his loins, according to the flesh, he would raise up Christ to sit on his throne;

4. Solomon Was A Prophet.

1 Kings 11:9 KJV 1900
9 And the Lord was angry with Solomon, because his heart was turned from the Lord God of Israel, which had appeared unto him twice,
Numbers 12:6 KJV 1900
6 And he said, Hear now my words: If there be a prophet among you, I the Lord will make myself known unto him in a vision, and will speak unto him in a dream.

5. Daniel Was A Prophet.

Matthew 24:15 KJV 1900
15 When ye therefore shall see the abomination of desolation, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, stand in the holy place, (whoso readeth, let him understand:)

6. Ahijah & Iddo Were Prophets -

2 Chronicles 9:29 KJV 1900
29 Now the rest of the acts of Solomon, first and last, are they not written in the book of Nathan the prophet, and in the prophecy of Ahijah the Shilonite, and in the visions of Iddo the seer against Jeroboam the son of Nebat?

Add to these the writers of the prophetic Books, and we have compiled a list of all the writers God used to pen the pages of the Old Testament.

B. Old Testament writers cited other Old Testament Books as Scriptures.

1. Joshua - acknowledged the Law of Moses - Joshua 1:7,8

2. Ezra — called Jeremiah "the Word of the Lord" - Ezra 1:1.

3. Ezra - also recognized the prophecies of the post-exilic prophets Flaggai and Zechariah - Ezra 5:1.

4. Daniel - accepted the Book of Jeremiah and the Law of Moses as the Word of God - Daniel 9:2,11-13. (Note also a mention of the Book of Judges.)

5. Zechariah — alludes to the "former prophets" (the historical Books) in Zechariah 7:12.

C. Old Testament writings were referenced by Israel.

1. The tables of the Law were kept in the ark.

Deuteronomy 10:2 KJV 1900
2 And I will write on the tables the words that were in the first tables which thou brakest, and thou shalt put them in the ark.

2. The Books of Moses were commanded to be read.

Joshua 1:8 KJV 1900
8 This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth; but thou shalt meditate therein day and night, that thou mayest observe to do according to all that is written therein: for then thou shalt make thy way prosperous, and then thou shalt have good success.

3. Samuel's writings were kept in the tabernacle.

1 Samuel 10:25 KJV 1900
25 Then Samuel told the people the manner of the kingdom, and wrote it in a book, and laid it up before the Lord. And Samuel sent all the people away, every man to his house.

4. Israel stood at the reading of the Law.

Nehemiah 8:5 KJV 1900
5 And Ezra opened the book in the sight of all the people; (for he was above all the people;) and when he opened it, all the people stood up:

D. Direct claims for the inspiration of the Law (Torah).

1. Exodus 20:1 — "God spake all these words..."

2. Exodus 32:16 —"the tables were the work of God ... the writing was the writing of God"

3. Exodus 35:1 — "These are the words which the LORD hath commanded..."

4. Leviticus 1:1 — "The Lord spake..."

5. Leviticus 8:9 — "The Lord commanded..."

6. Numbers 1:1; 2:1 — "The Lord spake..."

7. Numbers 4.1 — "The Lord spake..."

8 Deuteronomy 1.3 — "...the Lord had given him in commandment."

9. Deuteronomy 4:2 - "Ye shall not add unto the word which ! command you, neither shall ye diminish ought from it, that ye may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you."

See also. Judges 34; 1 Kings 8.53, ll Kings 14:6 Il Chronicles 34 14, 35:6, Daniel 9:12, Ezra 6:18, Nehemiah 13:1

E. Direct claims for the inspiration of the prophets (Nebhim).

1. The Former Prophets — the historical books.

a. Joshua 24:26,27; 1 Kings 16:34.

b. Judges 1:2 — “The Lord said...”

c. I Chronicles 29:29.

2. The Latter Prophets — the prophetic books. The phrase, “thus saith the Lord,” or its equivalent occurs over 3,800 times. e.g. Isaiah 1:2,10; 8:1; 45:1; 50:1; Jeremiah 1:6-9; 2:1,2; 10:1,2; 11:1; Ezekiel 1:3; 2:7.

F. Direct Claims for the inspiration of the writings (Kethubhim).

1. David — Il Samuel 23:2.

2. Solomon — 1 Kings 3:9,10; Ecclesiastes 12:10 (Proverbs).

3. Job - Job 42:7a.

G. New Testament Testimony for Old Testament Inspiration.

Perhaps the greatest testimony to Old Testament inspiration is found in the New Testament. On numerous occasions the New Testament either quotes from the Old Testament, exalts the Old Testament as the Word of God, or accepts the Old Testament as authoritative.

There are 332 direct quotations and references to the Old Testament in the New Testament, and a total of over 1,000 quotes, references, and alludings.

This testimony covers:

1. The Old Testament As A Whole.

a. In their primary application, verses such as ll Timothy 3:16; John 10:35; Acts 17:11; Hebrews 4:12; etc., refer specifically to the Old Testament. See also: Mark 7:13.

Romans 15:4 — "...whatsoever things were written li.e. all the Old Testament] … the scriptures...

b. Phrases such as “the scriptures” (52 times), “it is written (133 times), “that it might be fulfilled” (over 30 times), and “the oracles of God” (4 times), all indicate the accepted authority of the Old Testament.

2. Particular Sections Of The Old Testament.

a. The Law. See: Matthew 5:17,18; 7:12; 12:5; Acts 13:39;

24:14;1 Corinthians 14:21; Il Corinthians 3:15; Galatians 3:10 Hebrews 10:28

b. The Prophets See: Matthew 26:56; Luke 1:70; 18:31; John 1:45; Acts 3:21; 7:42; 28:25; Hebrews 10:15-17 with Jeremiah 31:33,34; Romans 1:2; 1 Peter 1:11.

c. The Writings. See: Luke 24:44; Acts 1:16; 4:25; Matthew 22:43,44. Note the context of John 10:35 is a reference to the Psalms (82:6).

3. Particular Books Of The Old Testament.

20 of the 24 Books in the Hebrew Old Testament (the same Books as our 39 Books) are cited authoritatively in the New Testament.

Of the other four Books (Judges-Ruth, Chronicles, Esther, and the Song of Solomon,) events mentioned in two of them (Hebrews 11:32; Matthew 23:35 respectively) and alludings to the other two (John 5:1; 4:10 respectively) are found in the New Testament.

H. The Testimony of Christ to the inspiration of the OLD Testament.

The Lord Jesus Christ accepted all the Old Testament as the Word of God. See: Luke 24:25,27,44,45. For example:

1. Jesus quoted Old Testament verses - Matthew 4:4; Deuteronomy 8:3.

2. Jesus verified the Genesis account of Creation - Matthew 19:4-6.

3. Jesus accepted the Genesis account of the Flood — Matthew 24:37-39.

4. Jesus believed the story of Sodom and Gomorrah - Luke 17:28,29

5. Jesus verified the story of Jonah - Matthew 12:40,41.

6. Jesus often quoted from Isaiah - Matthew 13:14,15,

7. Jesus acknowledged Daniel as a prophet - Matthew 24:15

8. Jesus taught and believed in the divine inspiration and infallibility of the Old Testament - Matthew 5:18; John 10:35; Matthew 24:35.

Of these examples (above), the veracity of numbers 2 to 7 have been attacked by Higher Critics of the Word of God

Christ and Christianity stand or fall with the Bible.

This is one reason the Bible is constantly attacked by Satan’s ministers - discredit the Bible and Jesus Christ is made to be a liar!!

See also: Matthew 6:29; 8:4; 12:3,4,42; 19:5-7; 22:31,32; Mark 2:24-28; 7:10; 12:19,26; Luke 4:25-27; 11:51; 20:37; John 3:14; 6:32,49.

Christ began His earthly ministry with an “It is written” (Matthew 4:4), and ended His earthly ministry with an “It is written” (Luke 24:46).

II. The Inspiration of the New Testament.

The inspiration of the New Testament rests upon three factors:

A. The Promise of Christ.

John 14:26 and 16:13 give Christ’s pre-authentication of the divine inspiration of the New Testament.


See: 1 Corinthians 2:13; Acts 21:11.


The New Testament is referred to as the “words or commandments of the holy apostles” - Jude 17; Il Peter 3:2; Ephesians 2:20; 3:5. Apostolic authority resides today in the pages of the New Testament — not in any man, living or dead!

B. The Direct statements of the New Testament.

1. Il Peter 3:15,16 — refers to Paul’s writings as scripture.

2. Timothy 5: 18b - quotes Luke 10:7 as scripture.

3. Ephesians 3:2-5 This key passage explains how we received the New Testament. Observe:

a. Revelation — verses 3,5...by revelation he made known unto me...” / “..now revealed unto his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit.”

b. Inspiration — verse 3. …as I wrote...” Inspiration is the inerrant recording of revelation.

c. Preservation — verse 4. “..when ye read...” Preservation means the writings are kept intact and perfect for future generations to read.

C. The Claims of the New Testament.

1. Luke 1:14 — “ perfect understanding...”

2. Romans 16:26; Galatians 1:12; Ephesians 2:20; 3:3,5; I Thessalonians
2:13; 1 Corinthians 14:37c.

3. I Timothy 4:11 with verse 13.

4. Revelation 1:1

III. Internal Evidences for inspiration.

By internal evidences we mean evidences from within the Bible itself which bear testimony to the divine inspiration and authority of the Book.

Such evidences include:

A. Details of events beyond human knowledge.

The Bible gives details of things such as Creation, the words of Satan, and what was in the heart of certain people, which no human could possibly know about. Only God could give these things.

B. The Remarkable unity of the Book.

The Bible is a Book written on three continents over a space of 1,600 years by over 40 human writers of diverse backgrounds and occupations and under different circumstances — yet it has a unique doctrinal and structural unity. There is one theme; there is no conflict!

C. The Supernatural Doctrines in the Book.

Many of the doctrines in the Bible are contrary to human nature, and most certainly wouldn’t have been written if the Bible were just a “man’s book.” For example:

1. The Doctrine Of God: Compare the Bible’s presentation of God as an infinite, sovereign, triune, holy, and loving Person with the various “deities” concocted by men. The God of the Bible altogether transcends our finite intellect — man couldn’t have invented Him.

2. The Doctrine Of Man: The Bible’s portrayal of man as base, vile, sinful, corrupt, and depraved would never be so written by natural man. Even the hideous sins and the warts of a “hero” like David are mentioned.

3. The Doctrine Of Sin:
 Natural man minimizes sin and exalts the world. The Bible does the opposite. The fact that Hell is denied by natural man shows we have a Bible that man would not write.

4. The Doctrine Of Salvation: Man seeks salvation through works and appeasement. If the Bible were a human book, the plan of salvation would be by works of some kind The Bible teaches salvation through the shed blood of the Son of God!

D. Fulfilled Prophecy.

Over two-thirds of the Bible was prophetic at the time of its writing. Much of this prophecy has already been fulfilled to the letter. This is the strongest internal proof of inspiration.

Messianic prophecy alone is remarkable. Over 300 prophecies of the birth, ministry, passion, resurrection, and ascension of Christ have already been fulfilled. In one 24 hour period — our Lord’s passion — approximately 21 different prophecies were fulfilled exactly to detail. The “odds” of this being a mere chance are staggering.

IV. External evidences for inspiration.

By external proofs we mean the things outside of the Bible which bear evidence to its divine inspiration and authority.
There are many such proofs, among which we cite:

A. The Bible’s Credibility.

[See: Lecture 7]

B. The Bible transforming results. Through unaided reading of the Bible, men and women have been born again and become new creatures in Christ (II Corinthians 5:17). Drunks have been made sober, harlots made chaste, and lives ruined by sin have been made whole again.
The Bible has changed the course of nations and human history.

C. The Bible’s Inexhaustible treasures. 
Unlike any other book, the more the Bible is read, the more it reveals. Each week, thousands of sermons are preached and scores of books and articles are printed — all proclaiming the unsearchable riches of Christ.
See: Psalm 19:10; 119:162.

D. The Bible’s Honored Promises: 
Anyone who follows what the Bible says, gets what the Bible promises. e.g.
Joshua 1:8.

E. The Bible’s mystery to unregenerate minds: 
See: II Corinthians 4:3; 1 Corinthians 2:14.
Much of the Bible can only be understood by the child of God.

F. The Bible’s unique adaptability for translation: Unlike many human books, the Bible loses nothing when it is properly translated from a pure text into other languages. Regardless of what language it is in, its message is still the “power of God unto salvation.”

G. The Bible’s Standards- Holy, But Workable:

The Ten Commandments were once the basis of British and United States Law. (They still are, technically speaking.) Whenever man in his wisdom attempts to make laws that are contrary to the Bible, problems arise.

During the reign of Queen Victoria in England, over 650 acts of Parliament were repealed as unworkable. Capital punishment, taught in the Bible (Genesis 96) and often done away with by well-meaning governments, is now returning to many statute books.

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