1 Samuel 18-19
Notes
Transcript
Introduction
Introduction
In 1 Samuel 16, the Lord sends Samuel to anoint David, the youngest son of Jesse, as Israel’s future king, and David is then brought into Saul’s court to play and soothe the troubled king.
In 1 Samuel 17, the young shepherd David, trusting wholly in Yahweh, confronts and slays the Philistine giant Goliath with a sling and a stone, securing Israel’s victory and glorifying the Yahweh’s sovereign power.
Jonathan’s Covenant with David
Jonathan’s Covenant with David
1 And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul. 2 And Saul took him that day, and would let him go no more home to his father’s house. 3 Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul. 4 And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David, and his garments, even to his sword, and to his bow, and to his girdle. 5 And David went out whithersoever Saul sent him, and behaved himself wisely: and Saul set him over the men of war, and he was accepted in the sight of all the people, and also in the sight of Saul’s servants.
Question: Can a friendship be ordained by God?
1 Samuel 14:1–3 “1 Now it came to pass upon a day, that Jonathan the son of Saul said unto the young man that bare his armour, Come, and let us go over to the Philistines’ garrison, that is on the other side. But he told not his father. 2 And Saul tarried in the uttermost part of Gibeah under a pomegranate tree which is in Migron: and the people that were with him were about six hundred men; 3 And Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the LORD’S priest in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.”
Jonathan had seen or at least heard about David and Goliath, here was a guy cut from the same cloth as he was. From that moment David was his dude!
Samuel had given the word at his anointing that Yahweh had declared David to be the next king of Israel, that wasn’t a public event, it was Samuel, David, Jesse, and his brothers
Jonathan gives David the “legal” symbols of his right as Saul’s son to be king after Saul. Not sure if Jonathan even knew it, but he was fulfilling the divine providence of God
Yahweh was with David from the moment he was born: Psalm 22:9–10 “9 But thou art he that took me out of the womb: thou didst make me hope when I was upon my mother’s breasts. 10 I was cast upon thee from the womb: thou art my God from my mother’s belly.” but at his anointing: 1 Samuel 16:13 “13 Then Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brethren: and the Spirit of the LORD came upon David from that day forward. So Samuel rose up, and went to Ramah.”
The rest of David’s life int he bible shows God’s hand in the events of his life
6 And it came to pass as they came, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, that the women came out of all cities of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet king Saul, with tabrets, with joy, and with instruments of musick. 7 And the women answered one another as they played, and said, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands. 8 And Saul was very wroth, and the saying displeased him; and he said, They have ascribed unto David ten thousands, and to me they have ascribed but thousands: and what can he have more but the kingdom? 9 And Saul eyed David from that day and forward.
1 Samuel 15:26–29 “26 And Samuel said unto Saul, I will not return with thee: for thou hast rejected the word of the LORD, and the LORD hath rejected thee from being king over Israel. 27 And as Samuel turned about to go away, he laid hold upon the skirt of his mantle, and it rent. 28 And Samuel said unto him, The LORD hath rent the kingdom of Israel from thee this day, and hath given it to a neighbour of thine, that is better than thou. 29 And also the Strength of Israel will not lie nor repent: for he is not a man, that he should repent.”
10 And it came to pass on the morrow, that the evil spirit from God came upon Saul, and he prophesied in the midst of the house: and David played with his hand, as at other times: and there was a javelin in Saul’s hand. 11 And Saul cast the javelin; for he said, I will smite David even to the wall with it. And David avoided out of his presence twice.
Saul under the influence of an evil spirit is a false prophet (1 Kings 22); because of that Deuteronomy 18:22 “22 When a prophet speaketh in the name of the LORD, if the thing follow not, nor come to pass, that is the thing which the LORD hath not spoken, but the prophet hath spoken it presumptuously: thou shalt not be afraid of him.”
12 And Saul was afraid of David, because the LORD was with him, and was departed from Saul. 13 Therefore Saul removed him from him, and made him his captain over a thousand; and he went out and came in before the people. 14 And David behaved himself wisely in all his ways; and the LORD was with him. 15 Wherefore when Saul saw that he behaved himself very wisely, he was afraid of him. 16 But all Israel and Judah loved David, because he went out and came in before them.
The Spirit of Yahweh was with David and he had no fear even to stick around and let Saul throw and miss twice, now Sual is afraid and figures if he puts him at the head of the army the philistines will kill him, problem solved
The problem with Saul’s plan is that the safest place on earth is with God! All David does is win, win, win and his fame and reputation just grows
17 And Saul said to David, Behold my elder daughter Merab, her will I give thee to wife: only be thou valiant for me, and fight the LORD’S battles. For Saul said, Let not mine hand be upon him, but let the hand of the Philistines be upon him. 18 And David said unto Saul, Who am I? and what is my life, or my father’s family in Israel, that I should be son in law to the king? 19 But it came to pass at the time when Merab Saul’s daughter should have been given to David, that she was given unto Adriel the Meholathite to wife.
1 Samuel 17:25 “25 And the men of Israel said, Have ye seen this man that is come up? surely to defy Israel is he come up: and it shall be, that the man who killeth him, the king will enrich him with great riches, and will give him his daughter, and make his father’s house free in Israel.”
We never heard Sual say it, only the men of the army but nevertheless Saul says he’ll give his daughter but not for Goliath, for killing Philistines
The army didn’t work so Saul figures making him a mercenary for marriage will get him killed and it wouldn’t be him killing David but the Philistines. And if the do-gooder wouldn’t do it for Merab, surely he’d do it for the glory of Yahweh!
But David felt he was unqualified to marry into the royal family due to his bloodline of Moabite from his great-grandma Ruth so he said no to the offer, because of his denial, Merab is given to Adriel. They will have 5 sons that will be killed by the Gibeonites, Saul’s sin passes tragedy to the next generation
20 And Michal Saul’s daughter loved David: and they told Saul, and the thing pleased him. 21 And Saul said, I will give him her, that she may be a snare to him, and that the hand of the Philistines may be against him. Wherefore Saul said to David, Thou shalt this day be my son in law in the one of the twain. 22 And Saul commanded his servants, saying, Commune with David secretly, and say, Behold, the king hath delight in thee, and all his servants love thee: now therefore be the king’s son in law. 23 And Saul’s servants spake those words in the ears of David. And David said, Seemeth it to you a light thing to be a king’s son in law, seeing that I am a poor man, and lightly esteemed? 24 And the servants of Saul told him, saying, On this manner spake David. 25 And Saul said, Thus shall ye say to David, The king desireth not any dowry, but an hundred foreskins of the Philistines, to be avenged of the king’s enemies. But Saul thought to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines.
Michal had grown a crush on David and when Saul found out he figured on a 3rd plan since the other two hadn’t worked. For whatever reason, maybe Saul knew she had all the idols mentioned in 1 Samuel 19 and thought idolatry would work, or just maybe the devil, knowing how we operate as men, thought he would use the same play he had since the garden: use a woman’s desire to do whatever and trust a man’s desire for the woman to lead him away from God.
We learn another reason David felt unworthy to be in the family was the fact he was poor and couldn’t afford the dowry or bride price. When Saul heard it he thought this was perfect! Send him out to kill a hundred philistines and circumcise their bodies as proof, and there’s no way this kid makes it back alive! Besides that, tell him it’s his patriotic duty too!
26 And when his servants told David these words, it pleased David well to be the king’s son in law: and the days were not expired. 27 Wherefore David arose and went, he and his men, and slew of the Philistines two hundred men; and David brought their foreskins, and they gave them in full tale to the king, that he might be the king’s son in law. And Saul gave him Michal his daughter to wife. 28 And Saul saw and knew that the LORD was with David, and that Michal Saul’s daughter loved him. 29 And Saul was yet the more afraid of David; and Saul became David’s enemy continually.
It made David happy to here but there was a deadline to the offer. David went out and doubled the required one hundred and presented them to the king.
You can almost picture the look on Saul’s face. No plan had worked and the kid was still alive. I can see him flashing back at this moment to Samuel’s words: 1 Samuel 15:28 “28 And Samuel said unto him, The LORD hath rent the kingdom of Israel from thee this day, and hath given it to a neighbour of thine, that is better than thou.”
It becomes clear to Saul that David was “that guy”! And he got more and more scared seeing the writing on the wall and vows even more “DAVID MUST DIE” and will feel that way until he takes his own life falling on his sword to avoid capture by the Philistines!
30 Then the princes of the Philistines went forth: and it came to pass, after they went forth, that David behaved himself more wisely than all the servants of Saul; so that his name was much set by.
The Philistines continue to gather and wage war on Israel, but David keeps on winning and his fame and valour spread even farther
1 Samuel 19
1 Samuel 19
1. When Saul resolved to kill David, Jonathan warned his friend and interceded with his father—reminding Saul of David’s faithful service and victories—and won a promise that David would not be harmed (1 Sam 19:1–7).
2. Saul’s jealousy soon flared again and he hurled a spear at David while he played the harp, prompting David to flee for his life (1 Sam 19:8–10).
3. Michal hid David and let him down through a window, then placed the household teraphim and a goats’ hair pillow in his bed to convince Saul’s messengers that David was ill (1 Sam 19:11–17).
4. David escaped to Naioth at Ramah to join Samuel, and each time Saul sent officers—and finally went himself—they were overpowered by the Spirit of God and began prophesying, so that Saul was confounded among the prophets (1 Sam 19:18–24).
Conclusion
Conclusion
The rise of David amid Saul’s envy and his own patient trust vividly embodies the counsel of Psalm 37: rather than repaying evil for evil when Saul’s jealousy seeks his life (1 Sam 18:8; 19:9), David “commits his way to the LORD” and “trusts in Him” (Psa 37:5). Though Saul plots and hurls a spear, David refuses to grasp the sword of vengeance, exemplifying “fret not yourself because of evildoers” (Psa 37:1). When Michal’s ruse and Samuel’s prophetic community preserve him, we see the psalm’s promise that “the LORD upholds the righteous” (Psa 37:17). As Saul’s messengers—and then Saul himself—are overcome by the Spirit and prophesy instead of capturing David, God vindicates the godly and “breaks the power of the wicked” (Psa 37:17–20). Through every assault, David’s calm dependence on divine justice and ultimate inheritance of the kingdom fulfill the psalm’s refrain: “Delight yourself also in the LORD, and He shall give you the desires of your heart” (Psa 37:4).
Psalm 37:23 “23 The steps of a good man are ordered by the LORD: and he delighteth in his way.” We see God’s providence shining in all of David’s story. His providence is for and with us now if we’re saved.
If you’re lost though, His wrath and judgement as an enemy of God is promised and guaranteed!
Isaiah 55:6 “6 Seek ye the LORD while he may be found, call ye upon him while he is near:”
2 Corinthians 6:2 “2 (For he saith, I have heard thee in a time accepted, and in the day of salvation have I succoured thee: behold, now is the accepted time; behold, now is the day of salvation.)”
