The Day of Atonement

Background/Context:

Last Time: Leviticus

(Q) Anyone from last time REMEMBER MAIN IDEAS/THEMES of Leviticus?

How SINFUL PEOPLE could APPROACH a HOLY GOD

How ISRAEL OUGHT to LIVE,, as GOD’S COVENANT-PEOPLE.

HOLY (SEPARATE) as HE is HOLY

Focus: TODAY WE’LL FOCUS on “DAY of ATONEMENT” WHICH CONNECTS ALL THESE IDEAS TOGETHER...

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Background:

ISRAEL HAD a VARIETY of SACRIFICES/RITUAL THINGS

BURNT OFFERINGS

GRAIN OFFERINGS

PEACE OFFERINGS

SIN OFFERINGS

GUILT OFFERINGS

**THESE WEREN’T QUITE ENOUGH**

Imagine: WHAT ABOUT SINS YOU WERE UNAWARE OF?

GOD’S PEOPLE = CALLED to BE HOLY— BUT NEVER HOLY ENOUGH...

—> DAY of ATONEMENT BRIDGES the GAP

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Key Themes:

GOD’S HOLINESS DEMANDS REVERENCE

SIN = SO SERIOUS,, NOT ONLY DEFILES PEOPLE BUT the TABERNACLE

GOD PROVIDED a MEANS for CLEANSING & ATONEMENT

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Transition: LOOKING @ LEV…CH. 16,,

BEGIN W/ V.1-2

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Text: Leviticus 16:1-34

Lev. 16:1-2 God’s Warning to Aaron

16 The Lord spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they drew near before the Lord and died, 2 and the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron your brother not to come at any time into the Holy Place inside the veil, before the mercy seat that is on the ark, so that he may not die. For I will appear in the cloud over the mercy seat.

CHRONOLOGICALLY FOLLOWING CH. 10—SIN of NADAB & ABIHU

Background: Nadab & Abihu (Lev. 10)

Lev. 10:1-3 “Now Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, each took his censer and put fire in it and laid incense on it and offered unauthorized fire before the Lord, which he had not commanded them. 2 And fire came out from before the Lord and consumed them, and they died before the Lord. 3 Then Moses said to Aaron, “This is what the Lord has said: ‘Among those who are near me I will be sanctified, and before all the people I will be glorified.’ ” And Aaron held his peace.”

AARON’S SONS TREATED HOLY THINGS of GOD CASUALLY— COST THEM THEIR LIVES...

GNT (v3): “ALL WHO SERVE ME MUST RESPECT MY HOLINESS”

PRIESTS = EXAMPLE to OTHERS

**LOW ESTEEM for GOD WOULD BE CONTAGIOUS.**

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Coming to Day of Atonement:

STIPULATIONS on AARON— DON’T COME & GO as YOU PLEASE

(Q) CONSEQUENCE from 16:2??

(V3) GOD WAS THERE — YOU DON’T COME CASUALLY INTO KING’S PRESENCE

Connection Point/Background: ESTHER & KING AHASUERUS

KING’S PRESENCE BRINGS RISK!

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ARK of COVENANT = GOD’S EARTHLY DWELLING PLACE

PROTECTED BY CHERUBIM ((ATOP ARK & on VEIL))

HOLY of HOLIES = THRONE ROOM

THE HEAVENLY KING DEMANDS RESPECT

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AARON = GRANTED PERMISSION — ONCE a YEAR

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Transition: BUT AGAIN—CAME W/ STIPULATIONS

BEGIN in V.3-5

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3 But in this way Aaron shall come into the Holy Place: with a bull from the herd for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering. 4 He shall put on the holy linen coat and shall have the linen undergarment on his body, and he shall tie the linen sash around his waist, and wear the linen turban; these are the holy garments. He shall bathe his body in water and then put them on. 5 And he shall take from the congregation of the people of Israel two male goats for a sin offering, and one ram for a burnt offering.

God’s Stipulations:

Animals (x5)

BULL (SIN OFFERING)

RAM (BURNT OFFERING)

2 GOATS

RAM (BURNT OFFERING)

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Aaron:

BATHE WHOLE BODY—NORMALLY THEY’D WASH HANDS & FEET @ BRONZE BASIN

CLOTHE W/ “HOLY”/DISTINCT...LINEN GARMENTS

**CONTRASTS REGULAR PRIESTLY GARMENTS

(Q) WHY DO YOU THINK,, AARON HAD to DIVEST HIMSELF of HIS NORMAL GARMENTS?

HUMILITY

PENANCE?

KING’S PRESENCE?

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Transition: AFTER OVERVIEW— WE NOW GET EXPLANATIONS...

READ V.6

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6 “Aaron shall offer the bull as a sin offering for himself and shall make atonement for himself and for his house.

1ST SACRIFICE = FOR AARON & HOUSE (of LEVI) — PRIESTS

Purpose: ATONEMENT

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Background: ATONEMENT

HB. WORD: · “to cleanse from sin or the defilement of sin, most often by sacrifice”[2]

ENGLISH — “AT-ONE” — RECONCILIATION

HB. WORD— SENSE of “SMEARING” /COVERING W/ PITCH

Quote, Scholar, Andrew Knowles: “All their sins are ‘covered’ or painted out by the blood of the lives which have been paid in sacrifice.”[3]

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Hebrews 9:22 (ESV)

22 Indeed, under the law almost everything is purified with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins.

Leviticus 17:11 (ESV)

11 For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it for you on the altar to make atonement for your souls, for it is the blood that makes atonement by the life.

REVEALS COSTLY NATURE of SIN— SIN = BIG DEAL to GOD...

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Takeaway: !! VERY SIGNIFICANT!! — AARON (HIGH PRIEST) NEEDED ATONEMENT

MOST HOLY/SET-APART INDIVIDUAL in ISRAEL!— STILL NOT GOOD ENOUGH.

Romans 3:23 (ESV)

23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,

NO ONE is “GOOD ENOUGH” — ALL ARE in NEED of ATONEMENT

C.C. NO PASTOR/LEADER = BEYOND NEEDING GRACE

CHRIST ALONE = SINLESS

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Transition: AARON FIRST OFFERS for HIMSELF— THEN on BEHALF of PEOPLE

Read V.7-10

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Lev. 16:7-10 The Two Goats/Scapegoat

7 Then he shall take the two goats and set them before the Lord at the entrance of the tent of meeting. 8 And Aaron shall cast lots over the two goats, one lot for the Lord and the other lot for Azazel. 9 And Aaron shall present the goat on which the lot fell for the Lord and use it as a sin offering, 10 but the goat on which the lot fell for Azazel shall be presented alive before the Lord to make atonement over it, that it may be sent away into the wilderness to Azazel.

2 GOATS — CASTING LOTS = ROLLING DICE...

ONE GOAT for YAHWEH

ONE GOAT = SCAPEGOAT/FOR AZAZEL

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Azazel background:

TRANSLATIONS DIFFER— YOURS MIGHT SAY SCAPEGOAT… OR IT MIGHT SAY AZAZEL

Explanation: HEBREW WORD = AZAZEL — SCHOLARS AREN’T 100% SURE ON MEANING

POPULARLY TAKEN to BE SCAPEGOAT— AZAZEL = COMPOUND WORD

GOAT + GO AWAY/DISAPPEAR — “THE GOING AWAY GOAT”

SEPTUAGINT FOLLOWS THIS— “THE ONE CARRYING AWAY EVIL”

AZAZEL = a PLACE,, “ROUGH, DIFFICULT”

LATER JEWISH PRACTICE of THROWING GOAT from CLIFF SUPPORTS THIS

AZAZEL = NAME of DEMON

PSEUDOPIGRAPHAL, 1 ENOCH NAMES a CHIEF DEMON AZAZEL

HERE,, GOAT = “RITUAL VEHICLE” to SEND EVIL BACK to ITS SOURCE...

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REGARDLESS of MEANING— PURPOSE = SAME

GOAT BEARS & TRANSMITS SINS AWAY from PEOPLE of ISRAEL

Psalm 103:12 (ESV)

12 as far as the east is from the west, so far does he remove our transgressions from us.

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Transition: AFTER INITIAL OVERVIEW, LORD WILL GIVE VERY SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS...

Read V.11-14

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Lev. 16:11-14 Offering of the Bull

11 “Aaron shall present the bull as a sin offering for himself, and shall make atonement for himself and for his house. He shall kill the bull as a sin offering for himself. 12 And he shall take a censer full of coals of fire from the altar before the Lord, and two handfuls of sweet incense beaten small, and he shall bring it inside the veil 13 and put the incense on the fire before the Lord, that the cloud of the incense may cover the mercy seat that is over the testimony, so that he does not die. 14 And he shall take some of the blood of the bull and sprinkle it with his finger on the front of the mercy seat on the east side, and in front of the mercy seat he shall sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven times.

AGAIN—BULL OFFERED,, ATONEMENT for AARON

Procedure:

AARON COME INTO HOLY of HOLIES

W/ PAN of COALS & INCENSE — CLOUD

(V13), Purpose: CLOUD of INCENSE COVERING— SO HE DOESN’T DIE.

**PROBABLY DUE to GOD’S PRESENCE THERE**

Exodus 33:20 (ESV)

20 But,” he said, “you cannot see my face, for man shall not see me and live.”

CLOUD OFFERED a SAFETY SHROUD!

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AARON WOULD GO INTO HOLY of HOLIES & SPRINKLE BLOOD UPON MERCY SEAT

Background:

MERCY SEAT/ATONEMENT COVER = LID of the ARK

GOD’S EARTHLY THRONE

1 Samuel 4:4 (ESV)

4 So the people sent to Shiloh and brought from there the ark of the covenant of the Lord of hosts, who is enthroned on the cherubim.

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AGAIN—AARON HAD REQUIRED PRECAUTIONS B4 GOING IN

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Transition: AFTERWARDS— HAD to DEAL W/ GOATS...

Read. V.15-16

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Lev. 16:15-16 Offering of the First Goat

15 “Then he shall kill the goat of the sin offering that is for the people and bring its blood inside the veil and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull, sprinkling it over the mercy seat and in front of the mercy seat. 16 Thus he shall make atonement for the Holy Place, because of the uncleannesses of the people of Israel and because of their transgressions, all their sins. And so he shall do for the tent of meeting, which dwells with them in the midst of their uncleannesses.

BULL for AARON & PRIESTS

GOATS = FOR ALL ISRAEL

& THIS WOULD BRING CLEANSING to TABERNACLE

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Background:

Leviticus 15:31 (ESV)

31 “Thus you shall keep the people of Israel separate from their uncleanness, lest they die in their uncleanness by defiling my tabernacle that is in their midst.”

PEOPLE’S UNCLEANNESS WOULD DEFILE TABERNACLE!

Quote, “When the high priest makes atonement for the temple, this is clearly not to remove sins the temple has committed; instead, it is to remove ritual impurity that may have been introduced through human action.”[9]

SHOWS HOW SIGNIFICANT SIN IS!

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PROCEDURE for GOAT WAS SIMILAR to BULL—UPON MERCY SEAT

One Scholar: Points Out:

WITHIN ARK—

TABLETS of TESTIMONY (10 COMMANDMENTS)

AARON’S ROD (LATER)

MANNA

ALL SHOWCASED ISRAEL’S UNFAITHFULNESS—CHERUBIM UPON ARK STARING @ SIN

BLOOD COVERED the BAD RECORD

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Transition: AFTERWARDS,, AARON WOULD HEAD BACK OUT

Read. V.17-19

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Lev. 16:17-19 Stipulations & Atonement for the Altar

17 No one may be in the tent of meeting from the time he enters to make atonement in the Holy Place until he comes out and has made atonement for himself and for his house and for all the assembly of Israel. 18 Then he shall go out to the altar that is before the Lord and make atonement for it, and shall take some of the blood of the bull and some of the blood of the goat, and put it on the horns of the altar all around. 19 And he shall sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it and consecrate it from the uncleannesses of the people of Israel.

BLOOD of BULL & GOAT = USED to CLEANSE SACRIFICIAL ALTAR!

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Transition: THEN WE GET to GOAT #2

Read V.20-22

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Lev. 16:20-22 The Scapegoat

20 “And when he has made an end of atoning for the Holy Place and the tent of meeting and the altar, he shall present the live goat. 21 And Aaron shall lay both his hands on the head of the live goat, and confess over it all the iniquities of the people of Israel, and all their transgressions, all their sins. And he shall put them on the head of the goat and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man who is in readiness. 22 The goat shall bear all their iniquities on itself to a remote area, and he shall let the goat go free in the wilderness.

AFTER ATONEMENT— MOVED to SCAPEGOAT

SINS CONFESSED OVER GOAT/TRANSFER of GUILT

Quote, Mishnah, Background: “And thus did he say, “O Lord, your people, the house of Israel, has committed iniquity, transgressed, and sinned before you. Forgive, O Lord, I pray, the iniquities, transgressions, and sins, which your people, the house of Israel, have committed, transgressed, and sinned before you, “as it is written in the Torah of Moses, your servant, For on this day shall atonement be made for you to clean you. From all your sins shall you be clean before the Lord (Lev. 16:30).”[11]

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GUILT WAS TRANSFERRED—TAKEN AWAY INTO WILDERNESS

Quote, “In short, the lethal burden and penalty of the Israelites’ sin was taken off their shoulders and placed on the goat, which bore it away and endured its consequences on their behalf.”[12]

AGAIN, LATER JUDAISM—GOAT THROWN OFF CLIFF

SINS WOULD NEVER RETURN!

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Transition: AFTER SENDING AWAY the GOAT— FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS

Read. V23-28

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Lev. 16:23-28 Post-Offering Procedures

23 “Then Aaron shall come into the tent of meeting and shall take off the linen garments that he put on when he went into the Holy Place and shall leave them there. 24 And he shall bathe his body in water in a holy place and put on his garments and come out and offer his burnt offering and the burnt offering of the people and make atonement for himself and for the people. 25 And the fat of the sin offering he shall burn on the altar. 26 And he who lets the goat go to Azazel shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and afterward he may come into the camp. 27 And the bull for the sin offering and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the Holy Place, shall be carried outside the camp. Their skin and their flesh and their dung shall be burned up with fire. 28 And he who burns them shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water, and afterward he may come into the camp.

AARON RESUMES HIS NORMAL PRIESTLY GARMENTS

LASTLY OFFERING FINAL BURNT OFFERINGS (X2 RAMS) — WHOLE SACRIFICE

REMNANTS of BULL & GOAT BURNED UP OUTSIDE

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Transition: TEXT WILL CONCLUDE

Read. V.29-34

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Lev. 16:29-34 Summary/Conclusion

29 “And it shall be a statute to you forever that in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict yourselves and shall do no work, either the native or the stranger who sojourns among you. 30 For on this day shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you. You shall be clean before the Lord from all your sins. 31 It is a Sabbath of solemn rest to you, and you shall afflict yourselves; it is a statute forever. 32 And the priest who is anointed and consecrated as priest in his father’s place shall make atonement, wearing the holy linen garments. 33 He shall make atonement for the holy sanctuary, and he shall make atonement for the tent of meeting and for the altar, and he shall make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly. 34 And this shall be a statute forever for you, that atonement may be made for the people of Israel once in the year because of all their sins.” And Aaron did as the Lord commanded Moses.

DAY of ATONEMENT = PERPETUAL STATUTE— FOREVER for HIGH PRIEST to PERFORM

Solemn Day:

AFFLICT YOURSELVES = FASTING

NO WORK

MISHNAH ADDED MANY MORE STIPULATIONS LATER

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**NOT a TRADITIONAL FEAST/TIME of CELEBRATION**

TIME of SOMBER REMEMBRANCE

REMINDER of SORROWS of SIN— CONFESSION SHOULD BE SOBERING

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Background: ANY WHO WORKED WOULD BE CUT OFF from the PEOPLE! (23:29-30)

Modern Day Judaism, Background:

TODAY— “YOM KIPPUR” “Today, yom kippur is generally celebrated as a day of confession of sin and asking for forgiveness. Readings from Leviticus are included in this celebration, one of the most important holy days in Judaism.”[15]

PREPARE for IT W/ 10 DAYS of CAREFUL EXAMINATION

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Transition: DAY of ATONEMENT = PERPETUAL UNTIL the FINAL SACRIFICE

Isaiah 53:4 (ESV)

4 Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted.

**TURN to HEB. CH. 9…**

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NT Connections/Christ our fulfillment

READ… V.1-10

Hebrews 9:1-28 ESV “9 Now even the first covenant had regulations for worship and an earthly place of holiness. 2 For a tent was prepared, the first section, in which were the lampstand and the table and the bread of the Presence. It is called the Holy Place. 3 Behind the second curtain was a second section called the Most Holy Place, 4 having the golden altar of incense and the ark of the covenant covered on all sides with gold, in which was a golden urn holding the manna, and Aaron’s staff that budded, and the tablets of the covenant. 5 Above it were the cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy seat. Of these things we cannot now speak in detail.

o 6 These preparations having thus been made, the priests go regularly into the first section, performing their ritual duties, 7 but into the second only the high priest goes, and he but once a year, and not without taking blood, which he offers for himself and for the unintentional sins of the people. 8 By this the Holy Spirit indicates that the way into the holy places is not yet opened as long as the first section is still standing 9 (which is symbolic for the present age). According to this arrangement, gifts and sacrifices are offered that cannot perfect the conscience of the worshiper, 10 but deal only with food and drink and various washings, regulations for the body imposed until the time of reformation.

CAN HEAR REFERENCES to LEVITICUS...

(V7) REFERS to the DAY of ATONEMENT,, & AGAIN ONE MAN, ONCE a YEAR

(Q) ACCORDING to V9— THESE THINGS COULDN’T PERFECT the CONSCIENCE… WHY?

—THEY WERE A CONTINUAL, UNFINISHED WORK.

(Q) WHAT DID JESUS CRY OUT on the CROSS? IT is FINISHED.

************ Read, V.11-14

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Redemption Through the Blood of Christ

o 11 But when Christ appeared as a high priest of the good things that have come, then through the greater and more perfect tent (not made with hands, that is, not of this creation) 12 he entered once for all into the holy places, not by means of the blood of goats and calves but by means of his own blood, thus securing an eternal redemption. 13 For if the blood of goats and bulls, and the sprinkling of defiled persons with the ashes of a heifer, sanctify for the purification of the flesh, 14 how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, purify our conscience from dead works to serve the living God.

JESUS ENTERED NOT the TENT— BUT HEAVEN

NOT W/ BLOOD of BULLS & GOATS—BUT HIS OWN BLOOD

—> IF THE BLOOD of ANIMALS PURIFIED THEM THEN…

***HOW MUCH GREATER DO WE HAVE in CHRIST??

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Read. V.15-28

15 Therefore he is the mediator of a new covenant, so that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance, since a death has occurred that redeems them from the transgressions committed under the first covenant. 16 For where a will is involved, the death of the one who made it must be established. 17 For a will takes effect only at death, since it is not in force as long as the one who made it is alive. 18 Therefore not even the first covenant was inaugurated without blood. 19 For when every commandment of the law had been declared by Moses to all the people, he took the blood of calves and goats, with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people, 20 saying, “This is the blood of the covenant that God commanded for you.” 21 And in the same way he sprinkled with the blood both the tent and all the vessels used in worship. 22 Indeed, under the law almost everything is purified with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness of sins.

o 23 Thus it was necessary for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these rites, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. 24 For Christ has entered, not into holy places made with hands, which are copies of the true things, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God on our behalf. 25 Nor was it to offer himself repeatedly, as the high priest enters the holy places every year with blood not his own, 26 for then he would have had to suffer repeatedly since the foundation of the world. But as it is, he has appeared once for all at the end of the ages to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself. 27 And just as it is appointed for man to die once, and after that comes judgment, 28 so Christ, having been offered once to bear the sins of many, will appear a second time, not to deal with sin but to save those who are eagerly waiting for him.”

WE HAVE a COVENANT W/ GOD— WRITTEN in BLOOD.

(V23) COPIES of HEAVENLY THINGS (TABERNACLE) PURIFIED W/ BLOOD

(V24) BUT CHRIST ENTERED HEAVEN ITSELF W/ HIS OWN BLOOD

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UNDER O.T. — WORK WAS UNFINISHED,, CONTINUAL

CONSCIENCE COULDN’T BE PERFECTLY CLEARED...

N.T. WE HAVE a FINISHED WORK.

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Romans 5:1 (ESV)

1 Therefore, since we have been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ.

2 Corinthians 5:21 (ESV)

21 For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.

CHRIST TOOK OUR PLACE— DYING in OUR STEAD,,

HAVING the GUILT ATTRIBUTED to HIM LIKE the SCAPEGOAT

SO THAT WE MIGHT BE FORGIVEN

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& WHEN HE DIED: VEIL WAS RENT.

Matthew 27:51 (ESV)

51 And behold, the curtain of the temple was torn in two, from top to bottom. And the earth shook, and the rocks were split.

NO LONGER is THERE a MASSIVE CURTAIN SEPARATING US FROM the PRESENCE of GOD...

WE HAVE FORGIVENESS of SIN

WE HAVE PEACE W/ GOD

WE HAVE FELLOWSHIP W/ GOD

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Conclusion:

SUNDAY,, WE PARTAKE of COMMUNION— REMEMBER IT’S a HOLY DAY… A TIME of REFLECTION… A SOBERING TIME…

THINK of HOW GREAT OUR SALVATION IS!!

ALL of GRACE!

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WE SHOULD BE FOREVER GRATEFUL

WE SHOULD BE FOREVER STRIVING to CONQUER SIN & WALK in HOLINESS

Closing Questions or Thoughts??

Close in Prayer