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1 “Very truly I tell you Pharisees, anyone who does not enter the sheep pen by the gate, but climbs in by some other way, is a thief and a robber. 2 The one who enters by the gate is the shepherd of the sheep. 3 The gatekeeper opens the gate for him, and the sheep listen to his voice. He calls his own sheep by name and leads them out. 4 When he has brought out all his own, he goes on ahead of them, and his sheep follow him because they know his voice. 5 But they will never follow a stranger; in fact, they will run away from him because they do not recognize a stranger’s voice.” 6 Jesus used this figure of speech, but the Pharisees did not understand what he was telling them.
What stood out to you in these verses here?
What major themes stood out to you?
Only true followers understand who Christ is
We need to be able to discern the voice of God
He knows us by name
Two types of misleading people. Thief and robber. these two people are attempting to take over somethign that is not theirs and steer it in a direction that benefits themselves.
thief: entering by a covert way; employs stealth (Judas)
Robber: some using violence (barabas)
In contrast to these two we have the Shepherd. The one who is meant to be there and the only one that can truly lead these sheep.
v2: There is only one appropriate way for someone to enter and that is through the gate. we’ll see v7 talks a bit more about this.
the idea of Christ being our shepherd is not new Psalm 23 and Ezekiel 34:13
13 I will bring them out from the nations and gather them from the countries, and I will bring them into their own land. I will pasture them on the mountains of Israel, in the ravines and in all the settlements in the land.
Only those wishing to do harm enter through a different gate, but those who are actually part of the family enter the way known.
The religious leaders during this time in history were more interested in fleecing/taking from/manipulating the sheep than leading and guiding them towards Christ.
v3. There is a lot of scripture that talks about God’s people listening to him and following his direction. The Exodus is a visual of the people of God following his voice.
There are four “characters” in this story. Theif, robber, Gatekeeper and shepherd
Gatekeeper protects sheep at night
Shepherd leads them out in the morning to graze
Shepherds in this area were known to have names for their sheep.
v4 a clear understanding that his actual sheep recognize his voice. A jab at the pharisees who are leading their own way apart from Christ.
“when he has brought them out” means can also be translated“all his own”
v5 many ancient shepherds would keep their sheep in a pen with other shepherds sheep, but in the morning they would come and call their sheep and their sheep would know their shepherds voice and follow him out.
7 Therefore Jesus said again, “Very truly I tell you, I am the gate for the sheep. 8 All who have come before me are thieves and robbers, but the sheep have not listened to them. 9 I am the gate; whoever enters through me will be saved. They will come in and go out, and find pasture. 10 The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy; I have come that they may have life, and have it to the full. 11 “I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. 12 The hired hand is not the shepherd and does not own the sheep. So when he sees the wolf coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away. Then the wolf attacks the flock and scatters it. 13 The man runs away because he is a hired hand and cares nothing for the sheep.
What stood out to you about this passage?
What are the major themes?
none before Jesus have been the messiah
acts 4:12 only through Christ can someone be saved
12 Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given to mankind by which we must be saved.”
v7Jesus is the gate and the shepherd. He is the only way into the sheep and the only one that can guide them.
v8 this could be referencing the pharisees/religious leaders or other “messiah’s” dozens before Christ claimed to be the messiah including two during Jesus’ time.
v9 there is only one person by which people may enter and become like a sheep and that is Jesus Christ.
v10
A Handbook on the Gospel of John John 10:10
TEV and several other translations change the Greek negative expression (literally “does not come except in order to”) into a positive one: comes only in order to.
Steal: To take away
Kill: here litterally means to slaugther.
Destroy: to be lost in eternal destruction
A Handbook on the Gospel of John John 10:10
The expression life in all its fullness (NEB “and may have it in all its fullness”) is translated in various ways. RSV (“and have it abundantly”) and NAB (“and have it to the full”) are fairly close to the form of the Greek. Since in many languages life must be translated by a verb meaning “to live,” it may be necessary here to translate “that they might really live.” The final phrase life in all its fullness may then possibly be translated “that they may live completely” or even “… completely and wonderfully.” Or this idea may be expressed by the use of a negation, for example, “that there may be nothing lacking in their living.”
Life lacks nothing when Christ is present.
“Jesus is the good shepherd, the one who is willing to die for the sheep, in contrast to thieves, robbers, and hired men, who either destroy the sheep themselves or allow them to be destroyed. In this context good may therefore be understood in the sense of “dedicated” or “devoted,” that is, “the shepherd who is devoted to his sheep” or “… gives himself for his sheep.”
V13 “Doesn’t not care about the sheep” might mean he has no love for the sheep. Essentially he doesn’t care what may or may not happen to the sheep.
14 “I am the good shepherd; I know my sheep and my sheep know me—15 just as the Father knows me and I know the Father—and I lay down my life for the sheep. 16 I have other sheep that are not of this sheep pen. I must bring them also. They too will listen to my voice, and there shall be one flock and one shepherd. 17 The reason my Father loves me is that I lay down my life—only to take it up again. 18 No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I have authority to lay it down and authority to take it up again. This command I received from my Father.” 19 The Jews who heard these words were again divided. 20 Many of them said, “He is demon-possessed and raving mad. Why listen to him?” 21 But others said, “These are not the sayings of a man possessed by a demon. Can a demon open the eyes of the blind?”
What stood out to you?
What were the main themes?
one of the first times Jesus points out that salvation is not just for the jews
v14-15 a Stark contrast to the hired hand. The good shepherd would lay down their life for the sheep.
v16 referencing the message of hope for the Jews and the gentiles. not simply for the Jewish people
“the love of the Father for the Son is eternally linked with the unqualified obedience of the Son to the Father, his utter dependence upon him, culminating in this greatest act of obedience now just before him: willingness to bear the shame and ignominy of Golgotha, the isolation and rejection of death, the sin and curse reserved for the Lamb of God”
The Gospel according to John c. Expansion (10:7–18)
Jesus lays down his life in order to take it up again. Jesus’ sacrificial death was not an end in itself, and his resurrection an afterthought. His death was with the resurrection in view. He died in order to rise, and by his rising to proceed toward his ultimate glorification (12:23; 17:5) and the pouring out of the Spirit (7:37–39) so that others, too, might live.
The sacrificial death of the shepherd is not an accident or fate, but a purposeful response out of love for his sheep.
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