Converts, Believers, and Disciples

1 Corinthians 16 Verses 15-18, Acts 18 Verses 1 to 8, Acts 11 verses 22-26 Converts, Believers, and Disciples Lesson 3 Disciple Making Series

October 19, 2025 Class Presentation Notes AAAAA

Background Scriptures:

· Acts 5:12–13 (NASB95)

12 At the hands of the apostles many signs and wonders were taking place among the people; and they were all with one accord in Solomon’s portico.

          13 But none of the rest dared to associate with them; however, the people held them in high esteem.

· Acts 13:42–43 (NASB95)

          42 As Paul and Barnabas were going out, the people kept begging that these things might be spoken to them the next Sabbath.

          43 Now when the meeting of the synagogue had broken up, many of the Jews and of the God-fearing proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas, who, speaking to them, were urging them to continue in the grace of God.

· Acts 15:1-21, 27

Main Idea:

· Following Jesus has a progressive element of belief and commitment. We can believe in Jesus but must commit to follow Him fully to be counted as a disciple.

Study Aim:

· To understand the differences between embracing a religion or religious tradition, believing essential claims of Christ as Messiah, and choosing to follow Jesus with heart, mind, soul, and strength.

Create Interest:

· Even in tumultuous circumstances, new Converts are called to stand firm in their faith, submit to rightful authority, and demonstrate love, creating a harmonious and resilient church. 

· For Believers on their pilgrimage, true devotion to God’s Word calls us to courageous testimony about Christ, which can transform lives against all odds.

· For Disciples, choosing to follow Jesus requires a complete commitment of our hearts, minds, and souls, leading to genuine community and growth in faith.

Lesson in Historical Context:

· In 1 Corinthians 16:13-18 Paul gives some final words of exhortation and encouragement, words no doubt that he feels are specifically needed in Corinth.

· In Acts 18: 1-8 Prisca and Aquila meet Paul in Corinth, where they all practice a common trade, and Paul preaches in the synagogue (18:1–4). Despite opposition from the Jews and Paul’s resolve to turn to the gentiles, he continues preaching in Corinth for a year and a half after receiving a vision (18:5–11). The Jews in Corinth drag Paul before the proconsul, but the proconsul dismisses the case; in retaliation, the mob attacks the synagogue official (18:12–17).[1]

· Acts 11:22-26, highlights the early church's efforts to spread the gospel, showcasing Barnabas's role in encouraging and teaching new believers to follow Jesus with sincerity and integrity, devoting their lives to sharing His love.

Bible Study:

This study covers three topics each of which we could camp out for a while…I have developed three separate studies to cover the theme relating to Converts, Believers, and Disciples.

Let’s look at each of these to better understand our main idea.

Converts challenged by submission to Christ

Steadfastness in Faith and Love

1 Corinthians 16:13–14 (NASB95)

  13 Be on the alert, stand firm in the faith, act like men, be strong.

  14 Let all that you do be done in love.

· The Corinthians often failed to put the principle of love first, and they need an extended exhortation on the subject (13:1–13),so once again this parting exhortation makes sense in its context.

· Paul began the conclusion with a pointed exhortation along a fivefold line. The command, Be on your guard (grēgoreite) might be rendered “be diligent” in carrying out the will of God (cf. 15:58, “give yourselves fully to the work of the Lord”). In view of the Corinthians’ susceptibility to false teachers (cf. 2 Cor. 11:3) the exhortation to stand firm in the faith was a timely reminder (cf. 1 Cor. 15:1, 58). So too were the closing exhortations (similar to the Gr. text of several Pss., e.g., 27:14; 31:24) to be men of courage and be strong, that is, marked by maturity (cf. 1 Cor. 14:20) and not infants easily swept aside (cf. Eph. 4:14). That sort of diligence and commitment is required if everything is to be done in love (cf. 1 Cor. 12:31b=14:1).[2]

· By emphasizing vigilance and courage, these verses suggest believers should keep a steady faith while promoting love as a tool for unity.

o This approach reflects Christ’s own steadfastness and love during His earthly ministry, encouraging followers to emulate His example by standing resolutely and lovingly amidst challenges.

Submission to Godly Leadership

1 Corinthians 16:15–16 (NASB95)

    15 Now I urge you, brethren (you know the household of Stephanas, that they

      were the first fruits of Achaia, and that they have devoted themselves for

       ministry to the saints),

     16 that you also be in subjection to such men and to everyone who helps in the

       work and labor.

· The Corinthians were unruly and had problems submitting to spiritual authority; their difficulty with submission to proper authority was likely the context for this parting exhortation.

· Paul urged the Corinthians to submit themselves to dedicated leaders like the household of Stephanas. These verses suggest that the themes of authority and submission are critical for church harmony and growth.

· By recognizing and respecting God-appointed leaders, we might better mirror the unity and balance Christ demonstrated in His submission to the Father, aiding the development of a spiritually mature and orderly community.

Supportive Community Encouragement

1 Corinthians 16:17–18 (NASB95)

  17 I rejoice over the coming of Stephanas and Fortunatus and Achaicus, because

        they have supplied what was lacking on your part.

  18 For they have refreshed my spirit and yours. Therefore acknowledge such

        men.

· Paul mentioned his own personal joy at seeing some of the members of the Corinthian church. It is likely these were the ones who brought Paul the Corinthians’ letter (7:1), and they will bring this letter back with them to the church.

o Gratitude and acknowledgment of faithful servants, as demonstrated in these verses, encourage a supportive church environment.

· Paul's commendation of Stephanas and others suggests fostering mutual encouragement and respect strengthens the body of Christ, reflecting His nurturing love and appreciation for all parts of the church.

o This approach might inspire others to affirm each other’s contributions, nurturing a resilient and loving community.

· But these men did more than share problems with Paul; they also refreshed his spirit and brought him blessing.

o This is a good place to encourage church members to refresh and encourage their pastor. Too often, believers share only problems and burdens with their spiritual leaders and rarely share the blessings.

§ Who is the pastor’s pastor?

§ To whom does the pastor turn for spiritual refreshment and encouragement?

Every church member, if he will, can help refresh the pastor and make his burdens lighter.

· Paul encouraged the church to honor this very special family and submit to their spiritual leadership. It is right to honor faithful Christians if God gets the glory.[3]

Thoughts to Soak On:

· These verses can help new Christians understand the significance of submitting to God-given authority and maintaining unity in a diverse community. Converts should be encouraged to remain steadfast in their beliefs and actions when challenges arise, fostering an environment of respect and love rather than division.

__________________________________________________________________________

Devotion that transforms: Paul’s commitment to the Word encourages believers

Connection with Community

Acts 18:1–2 (NASB95)

          1 After these things he left Athens and went to Corinth.

          2 And he found a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, having recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had commanded all the Jews to leave Rome. He came to them,

· Paul's strategic partnership with Priscilla and Aquila in Corinth demonstrates the importance of building supportive faith communities that aid in spreading the Gospel. By beginning with connections, Paul set a foundation for future ministry, showing how community is crucial in facing opposition and staying committed to one's mission.

· Paul departed from Athens, and came to Corinth (1)—a distance of about sixty miles. Again, we are not told whether he went by land or sea. There he found a Jew named Aquila, born in Pontus—northeastern part of Asia Minor)—lately come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla (2). She is usually called Prisca in the Epistles (Rom. 16:3; 1 Cor. 16:19; 2 Tim. 4:19). It appears that she was the stronger character of the two, for her name usually precedes her husband’s.

· Luke gives an explanation as to why Aquila and Priscilla had left the capital city. It was because Claudius had commanded all Jews to depart from Rome. This is probably the decree mentioned by Suetonius in his Life of Claudius(25.4)—“He [Claudius] expelled the Jews from Rome, because they were in a state of continual tumult at the instigation of one Chrestus” (probably misspelling of “Christus,” Christ). This was a.d.49, the year before Paul came to Corinth.

· Since the conversion of Aquila and Priscilla is not mentioned here, it seems likely that they were Christians before they left Rome.[4]

Commitment Through Craft

Acts 18:3–4 (NASB95)

          3 and because he was of the same trade, he stayed with them and they were working, for by trade they were tentmakers.

          4 And he was reasoning in the synagogue every Sabbath and trying to persuade Jews and Greeks.

· Aquila and Priscilla, a Jewish couple who had arrived in Corinth after Claudius expelled all Jews from Rome in ad 49. They worked together as tentmakers to support themselves in their new surroundings. They grew as close as family in Christ and later even risked their lives for Paul’s sake (see Rom. 16:3–40).[5]

· The example of Paul working as a tentmaker teaches us the value of integrating faith with daily work.

o Paul's ability to earn a living while preaching suggests that our secular occupations can serve as platforms for witnessing and exemplifying Christ's work ethic and love, paving the way for sharing the Gospel authentically.

Courage in Confrontation

Acts 18:5–6 (NASB95)

          5But when Silas and Timothy came down from Macedonia, Paul began devoting himself completely to the word, solemnly testifying to the Jews that Jesus was the Christ.

          6 But when they resisted and blasphemed, he shook out his garments and said to them, “Your blood be on your own heads! I am clean. From now on I will go to the Gentiles.”

· It interests me that although Paul went into the synagogue and shared prophecy and theology, he never specifically said, “Jesus was the Christ” until Timothy and Silas arrived on the scene.

· Why did he wait to make this declaration? I believe there are two reasons.

o First, he was emboldened by the presence of his friends. Don’t you find yourself becoming a whole lot bolder when standing by a fellow believer? That’s why Jesus sent His disciples out two by two (Luke 10:1). It’s wonderful to minister with another brother or sister.

o Second, he was emboldened by the pressure in his heart. He knew he had held back long enough, and that he had to share Jesus or, like a volcano, erupt!

· “But when they resisted and blasphemed”, When the Jews heard Paul say, “Jesus is Messiah,” they were blasphemously angry because they were looking for a politically powerful personality who would free them from the oppression of Rome—not Someone who talked about being poor in spirit, turning the other cheek, and setting one’s heart on things above.

· …he shook out his garments and said to them, “Your blood be on your own heads! I am clean. From now on I will go to the Gentiles.”

o The Lord said to Ezekiel, “If you don’t tell people the truth, their blood will be upon your hands” (see Ezekiel 3:17–21).

§ So, too, if we’re not faithful to communicate to the people to whom the Lord has called us to share, their blood will be on our hands, so to speak. There’s a difference, however, between blood on the hands and blood on the head.

o In Joshua 2, prior to the fall of Jericho, the spies told Rahab that whoever remained in her house would be spared when destruction came upon the city.

§ Blood would be upon the head, however, of anyone who ventured outside her house. Blood on the head means, “I’ve brought judgment on myself.”

§ Blood on the hands means, “I have failed to reach out to others.”

Therefore, because Paul was faithful in sharing the gospel with the Jews at Corinth, their blood would not be upon his hands, but upon their own heads if they rejected his message.

· “From now on I will go unto the Gentiles”.

o This statement would have pierced the heart of the Jews. “What? You, Paul—a Jewish rabbi—are going to the Gentiles?” Paul would later write that this was all part of God’s plan to provoke the Jews to jealousy (Romans 11:11 )[6]

· We might note from Paul's bold decision to focus solely on preaching, despite Jewish opposition, how unwavering devotion to God’s calling requires resilience. When the message is not received, moving forward with faith and redirecting energies towards those seeking truth can lead to greater opportunities for Kingdom growth.

Conversion and Change

Acts 18:7–8 (NASB95)

   7     Then he left there and went to the house of a man named Titius Justus, a worshiper of God, whose house was next to the synagogue.

   8     Crispus, the leader of the synagogue, believed in the Lord with all his household, and many of the Corinthians when they heard were believing and being baptized.

· Paul’s ministry of the gospel was then to go to the Gentiles, so Paul departed from the synagogue and went to the house of a certain man named Titius Justus, a worshiper of God. As a worshiper of God, Titius Justus, though a Gentile, had shown an interest in the God of Israel and had attached himself to the synagogue. His name indicates that he was a Roman, and, since Romans often had three names, some have speculated that his full name was Gaius Titius Justus, thus identifying him with the Gaius of Romans 16:23 and 1 Corinthians 1:14.

· Paul’s passion to reach his fellow Jews with the gospel (cf. Rom. 9:1; 10:1) did not allow him to go far from the synagogue. In fact, the house of Titius Justus was next to the synagogue, which no doubt further infuriated the unbelieving Jews.

· Still worse (from their perspective) was the startling news that Crispus, the leader of the synagogue, believed in the Lord with all his household. That astonishing conversion must have sent shock waves through Corinth’s Jewish community, which watched in mounting alarm as many of the Corinthians when they heard were believing and being baptized.

o Desperate to halt the rising tide of belief in Jesus as Messiah, they soon hauled Paul before the Roman authorities. Before that ordeal, however, the Lord provided the apostle with the most encouraging comfort—He came Himself to Paul.[7]

Thoughts to Soak on:

· Note the transformation seen in the conversion of Titius Justus and Crispus as examples of how steadfast testimony can yield profound changes in hearts.

· This segment underscores the power of God’s Word to transform lives, encouraging believers to persist in sharing Christ’s love and redemption even when progress seems slow.

Illustrations to help you process this lesson so far

· In the story of Daniel in the lion's den, Daniel's devotion to God and His Word led him to pray openly, despite the decree that forbade it. His courageous testimony not only kept him safe, as God shut the mouths of the lions, but it also transformed the heart of King Darius, who declared the greatness of Daniel's God. This illustrates how true devotion to God can result in miraculous outcomes that defy human odds.

· The Apostle Paul faced severe persecution and imprisonment, yet he boldly preached the Gospel wherever he went. His letters, written from prison, became foundational texts for the early church. Paul's life exemplifies how true devotion to God's Word spurred him on to courageous testimony that transformed the lives of countless believers, even in adversity. His example challenges us to testify boldly about Christ today.

· Think about Esther, who risked her life approaching the king and pleading for her people. Her devotion to God and willingness to testify—even when the odds were against her—led to a miraculous deliverance for the Jews. Esther's story serves as a powerful reminder that our courageous testimonies can have far-reaching effects, transform lives and alter destinies against all odds.

· Consider the early church, which faced intense persecution. Despite the threats, they sang praises and boldly proclaimed the Gospel. Their courage transformed the culture around them, leading to the spread of Christianity even in hostile territories. This demonstrates that true devotion to God's Word can embolden us to share our faith courageously, resulting in the transformation of lives that seem unreachable.

· The story of the blind man in John 9 illustrates the power of a personal testimony. The man was healed by Jesus and courageously testified before the Pharisees, declaring, 'One thing I do know: I was blind but now I see.' His simple but powerful testimony about Christ transformed views and hearts, reminding us of our call to speak boldly about what God has done in our own lives, even under scrutiny.

Note:

Having read this far you think you have finished…but alas there is more to come on pages 11-15.

Please know the request to convey the concept of Coverts, Believers, and Disciples, though all having the Holy Spirit dwelling in them, could not be covered in a short lesson.

The concept of the Disciple is picked up on page 11.

Wholehearted Discipleship: Following Jesus in Every Aspect of Life

Heartfelt Encouragement and Grace

Acts 11:22–23 (NASB95)

22     The news about them reached the ears of the church at Jerusalem, and they sent Barnabas off to Antioch.

23     Then when he arrived and witnessed the grace of God, he rejoiced and began to encourage them all with resolute heart to remain true to the Lord;

· Note Barnabas's arrival in Antioch represents the movement of the Spirit towards genuine, enthusiastic, and heartfelt encouragement in the faith.

· They sent out Barnabas: The church in Jerusalem sent an able man in Barnabas, previously known for his generosity (Acts 4:36–37) and his warm acceptance of Saul of Tarsus after he was converted (Acts 9:26–28).

· When he came and had seen the grace of God, he was glad: There was something in the work and atmosphere among the followers of Jesus in Antioch that made Barnabas able to see the grace of God.

o In whatever gathering of Christians we associate ourselves with, it is important that others be able to see the grace of Godamong us.

o They should not see an emphasis on self, on man-made rules, on human performance—but on the glorious grace of God.

· Encouraged them all that with purpose of heart they should continue with the Lord: Barnabas rightly focused on his main job as a leader of the congregation. He strengthened the church family itself, with the result that a great many people were added to the Lord.

o This is the plan for church growth spoken of in Ephesians 4:11–16.

§ Leaders in the church dedicate themselves to building strong, healthy Christians.

§ As the saints are equipped for the work of the ministry, they grow into maturity, and do their ministry, and it causes growth of the body[8]

Mindful Faithfulness and Spirit

Acts 11:24 (NASB95)

24     for he was a good man, and full of the Holy Spirit and of faith. And considerable numbers were brought to the Lord.

· For he was a good man. This is given as a reason why he was so eminently successful. It is not said that he was a man of distinguished talents or learning; that he was a splendid or an imposing preacher; but simply that he was a man of an amiable, kind, and benevolent disposition—a pious, humble man of God. We should not undervalue talent, eloquence, or learning in the ministry, but we may remark that humble piety will often do more in the conversion of souls than the most splendid talents. No endowments can be a substitute for this

· Full of the Holy Spirit:   He was entirely under the influence of the Holy Spirit. This is the secondqualification here mentioned of a good minister. He was not merely exemplary for mildness and kindness of temper, but he was eminently a man of God. He was filled with the influences of the sacred Spirit, producing zeal, love, peace, joy, &c. See Ga. 5:22, 23.

· And of faith. Confidence in the truth and promises of God. This is the third qualification mentioned; and this was another cause of his success. He confided in God. He depended, not on his own strength, but on the strength of the arm of God. With these qualifications he engaged in his work, and he was successful.[9]

· This could serve as a compelling model for how Christians might engage their minds in their discipleship, deliberately cultivating wisdom and faithfulness.

· Consider thinking critically and biblically about your faith and to develop attributes that reflect their commitment to following Jesus.

Soulful Growth in Community

Acts 11:25–26 (NASB95)

25     And he left for Tarsus to look for Saul;

26     and when he had found him, he brought him to Antioch. And for an entire year they met with the church and taught considerable numbers; and the disciples were first called Christians in Antioch.

· Barnabas recognized the rich potential of the situation for further advance, and saw the need of additional help in evangelism and teaching. He therefore hunted out his old friend Paul who was at work in Tarsus and persuaded him to join in the work at Antioch.

· Did Paul feel that he had accomplished all that he needed to do in Tarsus? We simply do not know, and we do not hear of any later contacts he had with the city, but Paul must have spent a considerable period of time there, and in his later missionary campaigns his practice was to stay long enough in any given place to establish the church and then move on elsewhere.

· The work that Barnabas and Paul did in Antioch is described as teaching the church, but this could refer to evangelism as well as to the upbuilding of existing converts.

· One important result of all this activity was that for the first time the disciples became known as Christians. Luke specially mentions this because ‘Christian’ had become a familiar term in certain areas at the time when he wrote.[10]

· This points us to the idea that whole-hearted discipleship involves communal growth and active participation in teaching and learning alongside others, reflecting Christ's fellowship with His followers.

Thoughts to Soak On:

· This passage encourages Christians to evaluate their commitment to following Jesus. Are we engaging our hearts, minds, and souls in our faith?

o It calls us to embrace a lifestyle of devotion that reflects the transformative power of the gospel.

· Consider the importance of total commitment to discipleship. Note how true followers of Christ should not only profess belief but also actively engage in their faith through service, community, and personal growth.

Illustrations Worthy of Your Note:

· Ref:  October 2025 Decision Magazine Article “Learning to Trust God”

 Pg. 12 Cincinnati Bengals kicker, Evan McPherson interview.

o “I want to have an impact on those who don’t believe in Christ. That’s what my journey is about.  I want to be an example. I want everyone to know Christ and see Christ in Me.”

· Ref:  Southern Baptist Texan Volume 24 No. 7 Pg. 14-16. Article entitled, “He is the One Who Causes the Growth”…After refocusing on core principles, FBC Lavon has experienced and exciting turn around.

o Multiplication in action

“A strong discipleship culture has developed at FBC Lavon, Texas where expositional preaching is emphasized……. I  (Brad Patterson, Pastor) shared the gospel with Bryan and told him I have a guy I want you to disciple named Daren…..Regular meetings at a coffee shop …invited people to join and formed a group…..has grown into a regular Saturday morning Bible Study.”

“That all happened because I discipled Michael, Michael discipled Bryan, and Bryan is now discipling Daren….”  Who will you disciple????

More Illustrations to help your understanding and application.

· In Luke 14:28-30, Jesus speaks about counting the cost before building a tower. Just as a builder must assess what it takes to complete their project, we too must evaluate our level of commitment when choosing to follow Christ. This decision is not to be taken lightly, as it requires a complete investment of our hearts, minds, and souls. Only with full commitment can we build a strong faith that leads to vibrant community and spiritual growth.

· In a small town, a group of people came together to build a community center. Each member agreed to contribute their time, resources, and skills. However, some only showed up occasionally, while others were fully committed, leading the project to completion. This disparity illustrated the importance of total dedication. When we choose to wholeheartedly follow Jesus, our commitment cultivates genuine community and deepens our faith, just like the dedicated builders who transformed their vision into reality.

· The story of a man who sold all he had to buy a pearl of great price (Matthew 13:45-46) perfectly embodies the essence of commitment in following Jesus. The man saw the value and was willing to sacrifice everything for something infinitely greater. Our journey of faith calls us to discern the worth of our relationship with Christ and to lay everything down for Him, leading to a community marked by love and growth.

· In the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37), we see a man who demonstrated commitment by stopping to help someone in need, regardless of societal boundaries. His actions reflect the heart of true discipleship – following Jesus requires us to step outside of our comfort zones and truly invest in the lives of others. This commitment fosters genuine community and spiritual growth, showing that our faith is active and alive.

We Have Been Sent

· In the last few messages, we have been encouraged to share the message of truth with whoever God places in our path. We saw the need to reach people where they are, "to the weak I became weak" (1 Corinthians 9:22), and the need to share without self-righteous condemnation. But we also saw the need to share His truth without compromise as we lift up the name of Jesus Christ.

· The Word of God teaches there is only one way to Heaven: "I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me" (John 14:6). Salvation is a gift of grace given to those who place their faith in the sacrifice of Jesus for the forgiveness of sin - there is no other way! And although relatively few will actually travel the narrow road that leads to life, the road is available to ALL who will come; "Everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved" (Romans 10:13).

· It's God's desire for everyone to call on His name; "not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance" (2 Peter 3:9)...but not everyone will. Some have hardened their heart through continued rejection and willful disobedience and now refuse to repent and receive the truth. Others simply never hear the Good News.

· Romans 10:14-15

"How, then, can they call on the one they have not believed in? And how can they believe in the one of whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without someone preaching to them? And how can they preach unless they are sent?"

· Only God is able to draw someone near and lead them to repentance, and only the Holy Spirit can transform someone's heart into a "new creation" (2 Corinthians 5:17). But God has chosen to give His children the responsibility of sharing His message of forgiveness and truth with the world; "As You sent Me into the world, I have sent them into the world" (John 17:18).

· For the message of Salvation to truly reach the world, we who know the truth must accept our commission to be "sent." We must be determined to share the gospel message whenever and wherever He directs; "Therefore go and make disciples of all nations" (Matthew 28:19). This may mean in another country, but it may also mean in our own backyard, or in our own family as we love them and demonstrate the true peace of Jesus.

· Let's faithfully pick up the torch today. We have been given everything we need (2 Peter 1:3); we do not lack any Spiritual gift (1 Corinthians 1:7), and we have been declared ambassadors for Christ (2 Corinthians 5:20). The world is waiting to hear! Let's BOLDLY go forth with His Word and with an assurance that we have been sent!

Have a Christ Centered Day!   Steve Troxel God's Daily Word 

 God's Daily Word Ministries  

[1]Douglas Mangum, ed., Lexham Context Commentary: New Testament, Lexham Context Commentary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2020), Ac 18:1–17.

[2]David K. Lowery, “1 Corinthians,” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, ed. J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, vol. 2 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 547–548

[3]Warren W. Wiersbe, The Bible Exposition Commentary, vol. 1 (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1996), 624–625.

[4]Ralph Earle, “The Acts of the Apostles,” in John, Acts, Beacon Bible Commentary (Beacon Hill Press, 1965), Ac 18:1–2.

[5]John-Michael Wong, Opening up Acts, Opening Up Commentary (Leominster: Day One Publications, 2010), 119.

[6]Jon Courson, Jon Courson’s Application Commentary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2003), 757.

[7]John F. MacArthur Jr., Acts, vol. 2, MacArthur New Testament Commentary (Chicago: Moody Press, 1994), 149–150.

[8]David Guzik, Acts, David Guzik’s Commentaries on the Bible (Santa Barbara, CA: David Guzik, 2013), Ac 11:22–24.

[9]Albert Barnes, Notes on the New Testament: Acts, ed. Robert Frew (London: Blackie & Son, 1884–1885), 185.

[10]I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary, vol. 5, Tyndale New Testament Commentaries (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980), 214–215.