Advent 2025- pt1- Hope
J. Lindblom and A. S. Herbert consider 9:2–7 to be a thanksgiving hymn. The hymn addresses God in the second person (9:3–4) and gives three reasons why people should be joyful (9:4–6). Nevertheless, the poem lacks a call to praise God, never uses the word thanksgiving, and centers on future positive changes rather than focusing on what God has already done
This light was a sign that God had not completely given up on his people. A new day of hope and light will eventually arrive. Elsewhere God is the light (
Two illustrations of wild celebrative joy are used to compare the people’s future happiness. The people will rejoice and jump for joy like people do when they see an unusually massive harvest (possibly referring to the joy at the Feast of Weeks;
Isaiah predicts that God “will shatter/break” (haḥittôtā) the oppressive yoke of their enemy. The yoke, bar, and rod (used of Assyria’s oppression in 10:24–27) were instruments used to dominate people and force them to work physically, or they could be used as metaphors to describe a heavy burden put on people through increased taxation or domineering rule
The burning of the boots and the bloody clothes of enemy soldiers in 9:5 signify a victory in holy war where spoils were dedicated to God and military equipment was set on fire (cf.
The initial announcement that a child “will be born” (yullad prophetic perfect verb) is further explained in the parallel phrase, God “will give a son to us,” that is, to the people of Judah. The second line emphasizes that this is a work of God’s gracious giving, not just a coincidence
“Wonderful Counselor” combines the idea of doing something “wonderful, extraordinary, miraculous” (peleʾ) with the skill of “giving wise advice, making plans, counsel.
Since fathers were the heads of tribes who wisely led the people, it is a fitting title for a ruler if one wants to avoid some of the negative connotations of kingship. “Everlasting” is a title that does not apply to any human ruler, except that the Davidic promise speaks of one who will rule on the throne of David forever
Peace implies an end of war and is reminiscent of the ideal peace described in the kingdom of God in 2:4. It is also comparable to the promise in the Davidic covenant that God’s people will not be oppressed again and that they will have rest from their enemies
Isaiah offers a rhetorical assurance to his listeners concerning the fulfillment of this promise. Simply stated, God Almighty himself will do it. With unassailable zeal, determination, and passion God will concentrate his efforts to accomplish this marvelous deed. Isaiah’s listeners can be absolutely sure that an omnipotent, sovereign God will stand behind the fulfillment of this wonderful plan
