Through the Hollow pt1
Micah raises and answers two rhetorical questions. There probably is metonymy of effect for cause here, so that the sense is: “What is the cause of Jacob’s rebellion? What is the cause of Judah’s high place?” The answer is supplied: Samaria and Jerusalem are! Once again the NIrV brings out that idea: “Who is to blame/ for the wrong things Jacob has done?/ Samaria!/ Who is to blame for the high places/ where Judah’s people worship other gods?/ Jerusalem!” But these capitals, in turn, represent the seats of power—corrupt leadership had infected the whole land
Ahab and Jezebel had increased such idolatry and pagan worship in the Northern Kingdom of Israel (
Hillers interprets “Jerusalem” as in apposition to “the gate of my people,” explaining that Jerusalem was “the center of political and religious life for the people.” He says “gate” is “a kind of synonym for ‘city’
The purpose of the previous summons is next stated: “that the Sovereign LORD may witness against you.” When Adonai (ʾădōnāy) and Yahweh (YHWH) occur together (as here), “Sovereign” is an accurate rendering of Adonai (usually Lord, in contradistinction to YHWH, usually LORD). As Master of everything, He rules over all (see 1:3; 4:13). “Witness” reflects the legal or court setting. The Lord of the universe will testify against “you.”
King Yahweh now appears in a theophany as Divine Warrior in preparation for punishing his covenant-breaking people. “The Lord is coming” and “he comes down” describe his intervention in history
J. E. Smith fittingly asks, “How could mere man stand in the presence of such a God when the most substantial of earth’s topography cannot endure his coming?” These verses provide the divine perspective on the events that were to occur in the latter eighth century B.C. when Shalmaneser and Sennacherib invaded Israel and Judah. “The Lord was coming not to save Israel from her enemies, but to deal with her as an enemy.”
The first simile (“like wax …”) probably is intended to go with mountains melting; the second (“like water …”), with the valleys splitting apart. The NIrV nicely captures that thought: “The mountains will melt under him/ like wax near a fire./ The valleys will be broken apart/ by water rushing down a slope.”
As a sign of mourning over the coming catastrophe, those who live in Beth Ophrah are told to “roll in the dust
A mourning rite is in view. Only certain kinds of cutting the hair and beard were prohibited in the Pentateuch (
