Psalm 119 Verse 1 to 16 Treasuring the Word is A Heartfelt Connection

August 30, 2026 Lesson 9

Psalms the Believer’s Prayer Book Class Presentation Notes AAAAA

Background Scriptures: 

· Deuteronomy 6:4–6 (NASB95)

          4        “Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord is one!

          5        “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might.

          6        “These words, which I am commanding you today, shall be on your heart.

· Matthew 6:19–21 (NASB95)

          19      “Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy, and where thieves break in and steal.

          20      “But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust destroys, and where thieves do not break in or steal;

          21      for where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.

Main Idea:

· Meditating on God's Word transforms our hearts, enabling us to treasure it deeply and share its life-giving truths with others.

Study Aim: 

· To understand that studying and meditation on God’s Word is essential to following God.

How this passage points to Christ:

· In the broader context of Scripture, Christ is the fulfillment of God’s Word. He embodies the law and fulfills the prophecies, inviting believers to meditate on Him as the living Word, leading to an intimate relationship with Him through His teachings.

Create Interest:

· Psalm 119:1–16describes the blessed life of those who walk in the law of the Lord, emphasizing the joy found in meditating on and keeping God's commands. It illustrates how meditation leads to a deeper understanding and a heart filled with His Word.

· This lesson could encourage Christians to prioritize time for meditation on Scripture, leading to transformation in their hearts and minds. By treasuring God's Word, they can navigate life's challenges more effectively and share the hope found in His teachings with others.

· The sermon teaches that meditation on God's Word not only enriches personal faith but also equips believers to encourage and uplift others. It emphasizes the importance of not just reading Scripture but allowing it to penetrate and shape our thoughts and actions.

Lesson in Historical Context:

· The Psalms emerge from and reflect the teachings of the five books of Moses, grounding themselves in Torah while developing a more personal theological perspective on sin and holiness.[1] Although historians of ancient Israel have long described how the Bible testifies to the origins and development of Israelite religion, the biblical texts themselves imagine the major institutions, practices, and theologies of Israelite worship in light of a larger story of the divine’s interaction with the descendants of Sarah and Abraham as recounted in the Pentateuch. In this larger story, the people’s rescue from Egypt by their deity YHWH is the most important event. In the biblical narrative, the Torah, including instructions regarding Israel’s sacrificial system, the roles of priests and other functionaries, the pilgrimage festivals, and even the Deuteronomic insistence on a single (Jerusalem) temple as a site of exclusive worship of YHWH, are all directions given to the Israelites in light of their escape from Egyptian slavery.[1][2]

· Rather than serving merely as intellectual study, the Psalms aimed to deepen worshipers’ relationship with God and help them apply His covenant guidelines to their lives.[1] Adherence to Torah instruction functioned as Israel’s present-day response to God’s past salvific/redeeming acts.[2] By celebrating God’s historical interventions during worship, these past events gained renewed vitality through the regenerated faith of the people.[3]

· Three Torah Psalms—Psalms 1, 19, and 119—strategically positioned in the Psalter’s opening and closing sections establish the law as a foundational pillar of God’s people, reveal divine instruction alongside creation, and apply legal teaching comprehensively to daily life.[3] The psalmists approached the law as an object of devoted study, viewing it not merely as rules for conduct but as a spiritual realm where the pious person could experience a richer, more intense existence.[4] In view of the fearful pressure of the times under which the Israelites usually had to lament, the Torah became for the pious a spiritual world full of wonderful harmony, into which they could take flight when the external world was about to drive them to despair. Here God’s justice revealed itself in a transparent form, whereas they often sought it in vain in the historic reality[2].[4]

[1] Hans K. LaRondelle, LaRondelle Articles and Lectures (Bradentown, FL: Barbara LaRondelle, 2015), 4. [2] Timothy J. Sandoval, Alissa Jones Nelson, et al., “Introduction to Wisdom and Worship: Themes and Perspectives in the Poetic Writings,” in The Old Testament and Apocrypha, ed. Gale A. Yee, Hugh R. Page Jr., and Matthew J. M. Coomber, Fortress Commentary on the Bible (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2014), 511–512. [3] O. Palmer Robertson, The Flow of the Psalms: Discovering Their Structure and Theology (Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2015), 42–43. [4] Frants Buhl, “The Aid of Criticism in the Interpretation of the Psalms,” The American Journal of Theology (1898), 2:4:772–773.

Bible Study:

Psalm 119:1–4 (NASB95) Blessings in Belief

   1          How blessed are those whose way is blameless,

Who walk in the law of the Lord.

   2          How blessed are those who observe His testimonies,

Who seek Him with all theirheart.

   3          They also do no unrighteousness;

They walk in His ways.

   4          You have ordained Your precepts,

That we should keep themdiligently.

How does Psalm 119 describe a blessed person?

· Psalm 119 describes the blessed person as someone whose life is blameless and who walks in God’s law, observing His testimonies while seeking Him with complete devotion. This person avoids unrighteousness and follows God’s ways. (Ps 119:1–3)

· The psalm develops this portrait through several interconnected dimensions. Blessing rests on those committed to wise living, whose path follows God’s revelation and who pursue Him wholeheartedly.[1] This blessedness emerges from obedience, submission, and faithfulness to God’s revelation through His commandments and holy expectations.[2] Rather than describing happiness dependent on external circumstances, the psalm presents a happiness that results from positive action—specifically, obedience to God’s Word.[2]

· Beyond moral integrity, the blessed person experiences distinctive spiritual benefits. Those who love God’s law possess great peace and nothing causes them to stumble.(Ps 119:165) God’s commandments grant wisdom exceeding enemies, provide insight beyond teachers, and bring understanding surpassing the aged. (Ps 119:97–100) The blessed person rejoices in God’s testimonies as much as in all riches. (Ps 119:14–16)

· Significantly, the psalmist acknowledges a tension between the blessed ideal described in the opening verses and the reality of struggling to attain it, recognizing a gap between himself and his ideal.[3] Yet the blessed life can be characterized as joyful, though it remains conditional—dependent largely on one’s choices and conduct.[4]

[1] Willem A. VanGemeren, “Psalms,” in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Psalms (Revised Edition), ed. Tremper Longman III and David E. Garland (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008), 860. [2] Ronald K. Brown, Bible Studies for Life, Winter 2016-17, Herschel Hobbs Commentary (LifeWay Christian Resources, 2017), 9. [3] Federico G. Villanueva, Psalms 73–150, ed. Andrew B. Spurgeon, Asia Bible Commentary Series (Carlisle, Cumbria; Manila, Philippines: Langham Global Library; Asia Theological Association, 2022), 256. [4] Leadership Ministries Worldwide, Psalms: Chapters 107–150, The Preacher’s Outline & Sermon Bible (Chattanooga, TN: Leadership Ministries Worldwide, 2016), 3:103.

What does it mean to walk in the law of the Lord?

· The blessed or happy man walks in the law of the Lord. The word “walk” is from the word halakwhich means “manner of life.” This is part of his practice. The Word of God plays a vital role in his daily life.

· The law of the Lord is the Law or the Torah. It means “direction, instruction, or guidance.” It is that which is given out or caught. It implies the rule of conduct. It is to be our guide. God is our Judge and we are to walk in what He has taught or given to us.[3] 

· “Who walk in the law of the Lord.” In them is found habitual holiness. Their walk, their common everyday life is obedience to the Lord. They live by rule, that rule the command of the Lord God. Whether they eat or drink, or whatsoever they do, they do all in the name of their great Master and Examples.

o To them religion is nothing out of the way, it is their everyday walk: it molds their common actions as well as their special devotions. This ensures blessedness.

o He who walks in God’s law walks in God’s company, and he must be blessed; he has God’s smile, God’s strength, God’s secret with him, and how can he be otherwise than blessed?[4].[3]

o Rather than consulting God’s law occasionally to correct wandering, believers use it as a chart for daily navigation and a map for their life-journey.[3]

o Practice integrates faith into routine decisions—whether eating, drinking, or any other activity, all is done in the name of their great Master.[3]

· Fundamentally, walking in God’s law means responding to His character and authority with love. This involves loving God utterly (free from willfulness) because He loves you, and loving others as vigorously as you look out for your own interests—the same way He loves you.[2] You walk in God’s law by receiving His blessings, asking for His gracious treatment, trusting Him, and then extending these same qualities of care, grace, and peace to others as a living conduit.[2]

· The outcome is blessing. Walking in all the way the LORD commands result in life, wellbeing, and prolonged days in the land. (Deut. 5:33) Those who walk in God’s law walk in God’s company and must be blessed, possessing His smile, strength, and favor.[3]

[1] Rod Mattoon, Treasures from Treasured Psalms, Psalm 119, Treasures from Scripture Series (Springfield, IL: Rod Mattoon, 2010), 3:5. [2] David Powlison, “Suffering and Psalm 119,” The Journal of Biblical Counseling, Number 4, Fall 2004 (2004), 7–8. [3] C. H. Spurgeon, The Treasury of David: Psalms 111-119 (London; Edinburgh; New York: Marshall Brothers, n.d.), 141.

Thoughts to Soak On:

· Focus on the blessedness of walking in God's law and invite the others to reflect on the joy of living in alignment with His Word.

· Noting how such a lifestyle leads to fulfillment and happiness, is encouraging others to cherish God's commandments as guides for a meaningful life.

· Consider the Christological aspect—Jesus perfectly embodied obedience to God’s law—and meditating on His life can bring us closer to Him.

· We should be believers who actively seek this blessedness, making Psalm 119 personal in our spiritual journey.

Psalm 119:5–8 (NASB95) Desiring Devotion

    5            Oh that my ways may be established

To keep Your statutes!

    6            Then I shall not be ashamed

When I look upon all Your commandments.

    7            I shall give thanks to You with uprightness of heart,

When I learn Your righteous judgments.

    8            I shall keep Your statutes;

Do not forsake me utterly!

What does the psalmist ask God to teach him?

· The psalmist expressed the earnest desire of his heart: he yearned to be directed or steadfast in obeying God’s commands (v. 5). Directed (kuhn) means established, steadfast, fully committed. Aware of his failure to consistently keep God’s statutes, the psalmist longed for the blessings brought about by walking in complete obedience to God’s holy Word.[5] (Ps 25:4–5). More specifically, the psalmist seeks to learn God’s statutes and requests understanding so he may observe God’s law with complete devotion (Ps 119:33–34).

· Beyond mere intellectual knowledge, the psalmist’s petitions reflect a desire for transformation. He asks God to teach him His way so he can walk in God’s truth and develop a unified heart devoted to fearing God’s name (Ps 86:11). In another request, the psalmist asks to be taught how to do God’s will, seeking God’s good Spirit to guide him (Ps 143:10). The psalmist also requests “good discernment and knowledge,” recognizing that deeper insight strengthens obedience (Ps 119:66).

· The underlying motivation appears practical rather than theoretical. Aware of his natural tendency toward waywardness, the psalmist sought to learn God’s laws more clearly[1]. In one poignant request, the psalmist asks God to teach him to number his days so he might develop wisdom (Ps 90:12)—connecting learning to the reality of human mortality and the need for wise living.  (This is a good place to pause and discuss at class’ pleasure)

· Throughout these petitions, a consistent pattern emerges: the psalmist views God’s instruction not as abstract doctrine but as the pathway to faithful obedience and spiritual maturity. The psalmist’s prayer for God to teach him is linked to practical life and obedience[2], revealing that learning God’s truth and living it out are inseparable in his understanding.

[1] Leadership Ministries Worldwide, Psalms: Chapters 107–150, The Preacher’s Outline & Sermon Bible (Chattanooga, TN: Leadership Ministries Worldwide, 2016), 3:116. [2] Christopher J. H. Wright, Life through God’s Word: Psalm 119 (Carlisle, Cumbria: Langham Preaching Resources, 2020), 46.

Thoughts to Soak On:

· Consider the longing expressed for steadfastness in obeying God's decrees and the resolve to praise Him with an upright heart. I suggest that this yearning reflects a sincere desire to honor God, encouraging the congregation to examine their own commitment to and passion for following His directives wholeheartedly.

· Relate this point to Christ's steadfast obedience to God and how honoring Him through His Word can lead to spiritual maturity.

· Pray for the strength to walk faithfully in His ways, as the psalmist did.

Psalm 119:9–12 (NASB95) Pursuing Purity

   9          How can a young man keep his way pure?

By keeping itaccording to Your word.

10          With all my heart I have sought You;

Do not let me wander from Your commandments.

11          Your word I have treasured in my heart,

That I may not sin against You.

12          Blessed are You, O Lord;

Teach me Your statutes.

Holiness Day By Day Though Enlightened Understanding

· Vs. 9:  Along with an attitude of diligence in approaching God’s Word, we also need an attitude of dependence, as is expressed in Proverbs 2:3: “Call out for insight and raise your voice for understanding.” This is an almost-desperate sense of dependence, an attitude far different from a more usual perfunctory prayer for God to teach us as we begin our weekly Bible study.

· Do we really believe we’re dependent on the Holy Spirit to enlighten our understanding, or do we actually depend on our own intellectual ability in our study of Scripture? I suspect that many of us, while giving lip service to dependence on the Spirit, actually depend on our own intellect, be it ever so limited on Bible teachings.

· It’s difficult to maintain an attitude of both diligence and dependence, but we must do this if we want to learn from the Holy Spirit. He does not reward either laziness or sinful self-confidence. He does bless diligence when it’s pursued in a sincere attitude of dependence on Him. What we’re talking about here is not just acquiring more knowledge of biblical truth, but rather developing Bible-based convictions by which we are to live as purely as possible.

· Unfortunately, too many Christians seem to approach Bible study in the same way they would approach more academic subjects. When we do this, we’re more apt to become proud over our “superior” knowledge of biblical truth than humbled over our lack of obedience to what Scripture teaches. We should pray for knowledge of truth that will change our lives rather than simply inform our minds. We need to pray with the psalmist, “Blessed are You, O Lord; Teach me Your statues” (Psalm 119:12).

§ Jerry Bridges, Holiness Day by Day: Transformational Thoughts for Your Spiritual Journey, ed. Thomas Womack (Colorado Springs, CO: NavPress, 2008), 179.

· Vs. 10:  We need a heart that seeks God, for if our heart is seeking God, our feet will not stray from God (v. 10; Prov. 4:23). Such a heart will see Him in all of life, learn more about Him, fellowship with Him, and glorify Him in all that is said and done. Again, the Holy Spirit enables us to do this as we yield to Him. But we must also spend time in the Word and treasure it in our hearts (v. 11; Job 23:12; Prov. 2:1; 7:1[6]

· Verse 11 is one of the most loved and memorized verses in the Bible. It teaches us that those who have “treasured” God’s Word in their heart will not live a life dominated by and enslaved to sin.

o Their lives will be characterized by purity as they seek the Lord with all their hearts (vv. 1–2). As they are taught by the Lord through his Word (v. 12)……………………………………..

o They will testify (v. 13) to the greatness of his Word

o They will “rejoice” in it “as much as in all riches” (v. 14).

o They will “delight” in the Lord’s Word

o They will  never forget it (v. 16).

o Martin Luther says of verse 11, “I have purposed to serve You with my whole heart. Therefore, I have imprinted Your words on my heart, so that I may no longer sin against them” (First Lectures on the Psalms II, 419). Here is not a person who is sinless. It is, however, a person who sins less.[7]

Let’s look at the daily and eternal value of Psalm 119:11

· Psalm 119:11 addresses both the immediate struggle against temptation and the deeper transformation of character that shapes a believer’s entire existence.

· On a daily level, hiding God’s Word in your heart means being totally captivated by it, committed to it, and controlled through it[1]. This involves knowing the Word, memorizing key verses, and applying the Word to times when you need to hear and obey God’s Word[2]. The practical benefit is concrete:

o If we hide God’s Word in our hearts, it will retard the development of sin in our lives, and there are verses in the Bible to equip us to fight whatever temptation we face[3].

o When you face a specific temptation—whether anger, greed, or lust—a memorized verse becomes an immediate defense.

o When Jesus was tempted, He quoted Scripture to ward off the tempter’s subtle lies;

o When the devil quoted Scripture, Jesus recognized the false application and countered with a verse that applied to His situation[2].

· On an eternal level, the practice transforms your entire inner being. The heart encompasses one’s inner self and nature, including the intellect, emotions, and will—the personality—so God’s Word must govern all of us, our entire being[1].

o Hiding the word in the heart means there is a new supreme court; that heart saturated with the word of God becomes the final word—not your carnal mind, not your reasoning of things, not your emotional reactions to circumstances[4].

o This is one of the primary ways God is making you better, more like Christ[5].

o The verse thus operates as both shield and sculptor—protecting you from sin today while reshaping who you become for eternity.

[1] J. D. Watson, A Hebrew Word for the Day: Key Words from the Old Testament (Chattanooga, TN: AMG; WORDsearch, 2015), 341.

[2] Robert J. Dean, Family Bible Study, Winter 2002-03, Herschel Hobbs Commentary (LifeWay Christian Resources, 2003), 110.

[3] Robert J. Morgan, 100 Bible Verses Everyone Should Know by Heart (Nashville, TN: B&H Books, 2010). [See here.]

[4] John Robert Stevens, This Week (1976) (North Hollywood, CA: Living Word Publications, 1986), 83.

[5] Ruth Schwenk, The Better Mom Devotional: Shaping Our Hearts as We Shape Our Homes – 100 Daily Devotions to Encourage Your Soul and Overcome Mom Guilt (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2018). [See here.

Thoughts to Soak On:

· Consider the purity achieved through living according to God's Word, especially in the hearts of young believers.

· We should encourage the practice of storing Scripture in one’s heart as a safeguard against sin, like a treasure chest filled with wisdom.

· Connect this to Jesus, who is the source of purity, and how meditating on Him can transform our lives.

· Notice the vital importance of hiding God’s Word in our hearts, prompting us to commit to memorization and reflection as tools for spiritual growth.

Infallibility is a word we should understand

· The ordinances of the LORD are reliable and altogether righteous. They are more desirable than gold—than an abundance of pure gold.… In addition, Your servant is warned by them; there is great reward in keeping them. Psalm 19:9-11

· DEFINITION: The infallibility of the Bible means that it is perfectly true and that it accomplishes the purpose the divine Author intended each of its parts to achieve.

· The religious and ethical teachings of the Bible declare the mind of God to mankind. He gave His Word not for the joy of theoretical knowledge but to lead persons to know Him, resulting in eternal life. God's Word infallibly performs what He means it to accomplish: “So My word that comes from My mouth will not return to Me empty, but it will accomplish what I please, and will prosper in what I send it to do” (Is 55:11). God's people throughout the ages have depended on Scripture as utterly reliable in at least these ways:

o Historical accuracy: The narrative accounts of Scripture that on the surface claim to record real space-time events are in fact accurate descriptions.

o Scientific facts: Such facts as the creation of the world and the flood of Noah's time are accepted, not the least because Jesus believed them to be true (Mt 19:4; Lk 17:26-27).

o Divine commands: The ethical and religious teachings of the Bible are binding on His people (recognizing that many commands, such as those concerning animal sacrifices, had a built-in obsolescence; (Heb. 8:13).

o Prophetic revelation: The prophecies of the Bible will certainly come to pass. The focus of prophecy is on the first and second coming of the Messiah.

· Infallibility, of course, presumes that the Bible is interpreted correctly. Both fools and those who are willfully perverse can twist Scripture so that its message is missed. This goes all the way back to Eden, with the tempter's insinuation, “Did God really say…? ” (Gn 3:1). The burden of right interpretation is balanced by the parallel truth of Scripture's perspicuity (clarity). This means that Scripture is sufficiently clear in its essential teaching. All believers may read and study it, confident that they will learn all they need for becoming more Christlike. (However, it helps to learn in the environment of a “church” Bible study for more clarity.)

· In the twentieth century, many North American Christians emphasized the term “inerrancy” in their descriptions of the Bible. This term focuses on historical and scientific statements in the Bible as being without error. Because the Bible's religious teachings are often based on the reliability of historical reports (such as the bodily resurrection of Jesus), it is important to insist that these have been accurately recorded. In various translations it is possible to have grammatical errors. When all the facts have become known, the Bible time and time again has been seen as entirely true in its message. One of the best approaches for understanding inerrancy and infallibility is to study the way Jesus treated the Scriptures of His day. He considered Scripture to be historically accurate, prophetically reliable, and a true record of the will of God. Along these lines He stated, “Scripture cannot be broken” (Jn 10:35-38) and “You are deceived, because you don't know the Scriptures or the power of God” (Mt 22:29).

REFLECTION: Why believe that the Bible itself is inerrant? What is the difference between infallibility and inerrancy?

PRAYER: Dear Lord, thank You that according to Hebrews 4:12 “the word of God is living and effective and sharper than any two-edged sword, penetrating as far as to divide soul, spirit, joints, and marrow.” Help me to live by Your Word today and every day. Amen.1

1 Kendell Easley, 52 Words Every Christian Should Know (Nashville, TN: B&H Books, 2010).

Psalm 119:13–16 (NASB95)  Rejoicing in Reflection

13          With my lips I have told of

All the ordinances of Your mouth.

14          I have rejoiced in the way of Your testimonies,

As much as in all riches.

15          I will meditate on Your precepts

And regard Your ways.

16          I shall delight in Your statutes;

I shall not forget Your word.

What are the ‘testimonies’ mentioned in Psalm 119?

· In Psalm 119, “testimonies” appears alongside related terms like God’s word, precepts, statutes, and commandments[1]—they function as parallel expressions for God’s revealed standards. The term refers to God’s solemn testimony regarding His standards for human behavior, not suggestions or optional proposals, but His absolute standards. They eventually came to be used, then, for a solemn testimony of the will of God, a sober and serious expression of God’s standards for human behavior. In other words, God’s testimonies are not suggestions or optional proposals, rather His absolute standards. It is tremendously significant, in fact, that the stone tablets containing the Ten Commandmentsare called God’s “testimony,” ʿēḏût (Exod. 25:16; 31:18; 32:15)[8] [2].

· The concept gains clarity through Old Testament usage. The two stone tablets inscribed with God’s law are called the “tables of the testimony,” and the ark containing them is called the “ark of the testimony”[1]. This connection shows that God’s testimonies embody His revealed requirements—what He demands of humanity.

· The testimony is fundamentally the law, representing God’s heart desire and His requirement—God’s standard[1]. More precisely, when this testimony comes to humanity, it becomes law; on God’s side it is testimony, but on the human side it is law, though they represent the same thing viewed differently[1]. While it remains in the Lord’s hand, it reveals what kind of God He is; testimony is therefore the self-revelation of God[1].

· Throughout Psalm 119, the psalmist expresses deep devotion to these testimonies—treating them as a delight and counselors, meditating on them for wisdom (Ps 119:99), and inheriting them as a source of joy (Ps 119:111). The repeated references emphasize that God’s testimonies demand both intellectual understanding and practical obedience—they call the believer to align their life with God’s revealed character and will.

[1] Watchman Nee, The Testimony of God (New York: Christian Fellowship Publishers, 2015), 8–9. [2] J. D. Watson, A Hebrew Word for the Day: Key Words from the Old Testament (Chattanooga, TN: AMG; WORDsearch, 2015), 48.

Thoughts to Soak On:

· Note the joy found in delighting in and meditating on God’s laws, rather than forgetting His Word. Inspire listeners to vocalize their love for His statutes and enrich their lives by sharing these truths with others.

· Discuss how Jesus, the living Word, provides ultimate joy, encouraging believers to engage deeply with Scripture as a source of lifelong contentment and strength.

· Consider a lifestyle that prioritizes God's commands, finding intentional joy and stability through them. Urge them to be storytellers of God’s Word.

· So God’s laws are a pleasure. These opening sections use that word twice; it is a word that elsewhere describes the delight and happiness that a child brings to its mother. They are a joy. You realize that even if you understand them reasonably well, there is always more to learn from them. You give your whole energy to getting your mind around them and then to living by them. The psalm can speak of people who have done no wrong in relation to these laws, which shows that they are not setting an impossibly high standard. The Ten Commandments illustrate the point. It’s not so complicated to worship Yahwehalone and not worship other gods, to avoid making images, to keep the Sabbath, to avoid adultery, and so on. It’s not so esoteric, though it may be difficult in that other people are worshiping other gods and making images and working 24/7 and having affairs.

· The question is whether we want to do so. The psalm encourages us to keep reminding ourselves that being desirous of living by God’s rules is worthwhile. It’s not the only key to being able to make that commitment, but it’s one such key.[9]

[1]Timothy J. Sandoval et al., “Introduction to Wisdom and Worship: Themes and Perspectives in the Poetic Writings,” in The Old Testament and Apocrypha, ed. Gale A. Yee, Hugh R. Page Jr., and Matthew J. M. Coomber, Fortress Commentary on the Bible (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2014), 511.

[2]Frants Buhl, “The Aid of Criticism in the Interpretation of the Psalms,” The American Journal of Theology II, no. 4 (1898): 773.

[3]Rod Mattoon, Treasures from Treasured Psalms, Psalm 119, vol. 3, Treasures from Scripture Series (Springfield, IL: Rod Mattoon, 2010), 5.

[4]C. H. Spurgeon, The Treasury of David: Psalms 111-119, vol. 5 (London; Edinburgh; New York: Marshall Brothers, n.d.), 141.

[5]Leadership Ministries Worldwide, Psalms: Chapters 107–150, vol. III, The Preacher’s Outline & Sermon Bible (Chattanooga, TN: Leadership Ministries Worldwide, 2016), 104.

[6]Warren W. Wiersbe, Be Exultant, 1st ed., “Be” Commentary Series (Colorado Springs, CO: Cook Communications Ministries, 2004), 107–108.

[7]Daniel L. Akin, Johnny M. Hunt, and Tony Merida, Exalting Jesus in Psalms 101–150, ed. David Platt, Daniel L. Akin, and Tony Merida, Christ-Centered Exposition (Nashville, TN: Holman Reference, 2021), 174.

[8]J. D. Watson, A Hebrew Word for the Day: Key Words from the Old Testament (Chattanooga, TN: AMG; WORDsearch, 2015), 48.

[9]John Goldingay, Psalms for Everyone, Part 2: Psalms 73–150, Old Testament for Everyone (Louisville, KY; London: Westminster John Knox Press; Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 2014), 145.