Luke 20
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Jesus has the Authority over the Sabbath
Jesus has the Authority over the Sabbath
1 Now it happened on the second Sabbath after the first that He went through the grainfields. And His disciples plucked the heads of grain and ate them, rubbing them in their hands.
2 And some of the Pharisees said to them, “Why are you doing what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath?”
3 But Jesus answering them said, “Have you not even read this, what David did when he was hungry, he and those who were with him:
4 how he went into the house of God, took and ate the showbread, and also gave some to those with him, which is not lawful for any but the priests to eat?”
5 And He said to them, “The Son of Man is also Lord of the Sabbath.”
6 Now it happened on another Sabbath, also, that He entered the synagogue and taught. And a man was there whose right hand was withered.
7 So the scribes and Pharisees watched Him closely, whether He would heal on the Sabbath, that they might find an accusation against Him.
8 But He knew their thoughts, and said to the man who had the withered hand, “Arise and stand here.” And he arose and stood.
9 Then Jesus said to them, “I will ask you one thing: Is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do evil, to save life or to destroy?”
10 And when He had looked around at them all, He said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” And he did so, and his hand was restored as whole as the other.
11 But they were filled with rage, and discussed with one another what they might do to Jesus.
12 Now it came to pass in those days that He went out to the mountain to pray, and continued all night in prayer to God.
Intro: The gospel of Luke. Jesus authority.
Authority in His teaching.
Authority on sickness.
Authority over nature.
Authority over demons.
Authority to for give sins.
Today His authority over the Sabbath.
The Holy Men had come after Jesus for forgiving sins.
They had come after Jesus for eating with sinners.
They had come after Jesus about fasting.
They did not give up easy.
Now its going to be about the Sabbath.
VS 1-5
VS 1-5
1 Now it happened on the second Sabbath after the first that He went through the grainfields. And His disciples plucked the heads of grain and ate them, rubbing them in their hands.
Matthew and Mark also cover this. Luke is the only one that says “second Sabbath”
Many of the more modern translations also just say Sabbath.
It may be referring to the second Sabbath after the Passover. there were 7 between the Passover and Pentecost.
On this Sabbath day. Jesus’ disciples are hungry. They go through grainfields pick some grain, rub it together and eat.
According to the law, this could be done in a field that someone else owned.
24 “When you come into your neighbor’s vineyard, you may eat your fill of grapes at your pleasure, but you shall not put any in your container.
25 When you come into your neighbor’s standing grain, you may pluck the heads with your hand, but you shall not use a sickle on your neighbor’s standing grain.
Elab on this verse. This was a way of taking care of poor people.
God cares for the poor.
Jesus and His disciples were poor.
Remember, they walked way from everything, left their fishing business. Matthew left all, when he left as a tax collector.
How did the Pharisees know that a few men walking in grainfields had rubbed a little grain in their hands?
They are stalking Jesus. They spy on him and his disciples, looking for a way to trap him.
They were watching everything Jesus and His disciples did. They were spying on them. Maybe even hiding the grain felids.
Elab on how they would pluck the grain, rub in their hands, blow away the outer put and eat the grain.
This was called threshing, and that was work. This is was the problem the Holy Men.
8 “Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.
9 Six days you shall labor and do all your work,
10 but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord your God. In it you shall do no work: you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates.
11 For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it.
So they devised rules and lists for defining “work” on the Sabbath. You could not walk very far or it was considered work. You could not cook on the Sabbath. You could not light a fire. And on it went.
The Sabbath was a day of rest, but they took it far beyond that.
We have our worship service on Sunday. I have heard some preachers tell people how bad and sinful it is for them to work on Sunday.
Then those same pastors will go out to eat at a restaurant after church.
So these Holy men were spying on Jesus and His disciples.
And now they acusse them of breaking the Sabbath law because they were working.
Again, they think they have Jesus. Look at VS 2
2 And some of the Pharisees said to them, “Why are you doing what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath?”
The Holy men looked at themselves as being being righteous, they were self-righteous, better then everyone else.
So they looked down on everyone else.
They had no compassion for the needed.
So hit Jesus with what they think is a trick question.
“Why are you doing what is not lawful to do on the Sabbath?”
Their question show that keeping Sabbath regulations was more important than the needs of people—in this case, hunger.
Because they elevate law over people, they become hard toward people and cold toward needs.
Rules and regulation over compassion.
6 For I desire mercy and not sacrifice, And the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings.
This verse is saying “I desire faithful love and not sacrifice.” The Pharisees desire the opposite.
They wanted obedience to the law instead of loving mercy to fellow Israelites in need.
They did not see Jesus for who He was. They wanted to make their religious rules more important than Jesus himself.
They did this because they want Jesus to submit to their rules. They want Jesus under their law.
Jesus now response to their accusation.
3 But Jesus answering them said, “Have you not even read this, what David did when he was hungry, he and those who were with him:
4 how he went into the house of God, took and ate the showbread, and also gave some to those with him, which is not lawful for any but the priests to eat?”
Jesus does not argue with with them.
Have you not even read this
We have answers in the Bible.
The problems we have going on today, the answers are in the Bible.
Jesus responds to the Pharisees by asking whether they have read about David’s actions when he was hungry, along with his companions.
Jesus refers to a section of the Scripture, the history of Israel’s greatest and most celebrated king, David. In 1 Samuel 21:1–6
David is not yet king. He is running from King Saul, who is trying to kill him because David is God’s chosen king to replace Saul. While on the run, David and his men grow hungry.
There’s only one safe place they can go: the Tabernacle . In the Tabernacle there was always to be “ the showbread” kept before God as a memorial.
There were 12 loaves of bread, for the 12 tribes of Isreal. (Jesus is the bread of Life)
Every Sabbath they would replace the bread with 12 new loaves, and the Priest would the old.
The only people who could eat that bread at the end of the prescribed time were the priests. David and his men ate the bread with the priest’s blessing. Yet nowhere does the Bible rebuke or condemn David for doing so.
I love Jesus response, haven’t even read this?
5 And He said to them, “The Son of Man is also Lord of the Sabbath.”
“Son of Man” is a Messianic title and it means not only humanity that the messiah's man but it also conveys his deity.
We only Jesus refer this title himself. No one else calls Him Son of Man.
He Jesus is the Lord of the Sabbath, He did not break the Sabbath law, but He is Lord of the Sabbath.
“the Son of Man,” Jesus identifies Himself as the Originator and divine Interpreter of the Sabbath.
Jesus is trying to show them the true meaning of the Sabbath. It was not about their rules and regulations.
In this next part, the subject of theSabbath continues.
VS 6-10
VS 6-10
6 Now it happened on another Sabbath, also, that He entered the synagogue and taught. And a man was there whose right hand was withered.
7 So the scribes and Pharisees watched Him closely, whether He would heal on the Sabbath, that they might find an accusation against Him.
Jesus going there to teach. What did He teach? The kingdom of God.
People going to the synagogue.
People hoping to hear from the word of God.
Why do people go to church?
Habit.
Feel like they need to.
Why should people go to church?
Worship.
Fellowship.
Grow on their faith.
To hear from God.
7 So the scribes and Pharisees watched Him closely, whether He would heal on the Sabbath, that they might find an accusation against Him.
Notice what you don’t see.
They lessoned to Him, hoping to hear God speak.
They watched Him closely hoping He would heal the man with the withered hand because they were full of compassion.
The scribes and Pharisees were monitoring Jesus intently to determine whether he would perform healing on the Sabbath, seeking grounds to bring charges against him.
Its possible they sent this man in.
They (the Pharisees) watched Him.
They wanted to see if Jesus would heal this man on the Sabbath.
They wanted to accuse Him.
All the good that Jesus was doing, healing, casting out demons, feeding , teaching.
They had to find fault.
They had religion, but no relationship with God.
What was their problem?
Pride.
Control.
Devil.
8 But He knew their thoughts, and said to the man who had the withered hand, “Arise and stand here.” And he arose and stood.
Jesus knew what they were thinking, He knew their plan, Jesus is going to show that He is Lord of the Sabbath.
They really wanted Jesus to heal this man.
They wanted to see a miracle. (They knew Jesus could heal him)
They wanted to see this man healed, not for the sake of the man, not to give God glory.
But so they could try to make Jesus look bad.
They had no compassion for him. It was all about their agenda.
So Jesus looks at this man with a withered hand (Elab)
The withered hand was a shrunken, immobile body hand. It would have been hard for him to work.
Jesus tells him “Arise and stand here.” And he arose and stood.
The man stands, not knowing what is going to happen. The Holy Men are watching hope to have a reason to find fault.
9 Then Jesus said to them, “I will ask you one thing: Is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do evil, to save life or to destroy?”
“I will ask you one thing:
Is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good or to do evil, to save life or to destroy?
They did not answer Jesus, they kept silent.
They should have said, Jesus your right, we were wrong.
10 And when He had looked around at them all, He said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” And he did so, and his hand was restored as whole as the other.
5 And when He had looked around at them with anger, being grieved by the hardness of their hearts, He said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” And he stretched it out, and his hand was restored as whole as the other.
Jesus was angry and grieved. Not one of them had any sympathy or feeling for the crippled man. Notice, no one else stood up for Jesus or this man.
They were stuck to their precious religious traditions.
They did not want to see any change.
Why was Jesus anger?
He saw the hardness of their hearts.
What causes hardness of hearts?
What are signs of hardness of hearts?
Exploring the Gospel of Mark: An Expository Commentary 3. Finding Fault with His Ministry (3:1–6)
Their silence said that it was better for a man to lose his house, for a child to lose his limb, and for a drowning man to lose his life than for someone to break a rabbinical rule. No wonder Jesus was both angry and grieved. Their hardness was what moved His own heart so. He knew where that hardness would take them—to a lost eternity.
Here it was their silence, because they didn’t speak up and agree with Jesus.
But sometimes its some ones lack of silence that shows who they really are.
He said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” And he did so, and his hand was restored as whole as the other.
11 But they were filled with rage, and discussed with one another what they might do to Jesus.
The One who came from glory.
The one who was full of grace and truth!
He who went about doing good!
Who healed their sick, gave sight to their blind, cleansed their lepers, raised their dead, and fed their hungry multitudes!
They were against Him, they rejected Him. Why? He did no fit into their religious mold.
He wasn’t what they wanted Him to be.
The same reason that people reject Jesus today.
12 Now it came to pass in those days that He went out to the mountain to pray, and continued all night in prayer to God.
