Doctrine of the Resurrection

Review of the Crucifixion

A Messiah who failed to deliver and to reign, one who was defeated, humiliated, and slain by his enemies was a contradiction in terms. Nowhere do ancient Jewish texts speak of this sort of “Messiah.”

Jews believed that the resurrection to glory and immortality only took place after the end of the world; they had no concept of, much less belief in, a resurrection within history. Ancient Judaism had no place for the resurrection of an isolated individual, especially of the Messiah.

So it’s difficult to exaggerate, therefore, what a catastrophe Jesus’ crucifixion would have been for the disciples. It wasn’t just that their beloved teacher was gone; rather, Jesus’ death on the cross meant the crushing defeat of any hopes they had entertained that he was the Messiah.

Importance of the Resurrection

Why is the resurrection so important to Christianity? Read

1 Corinthians 15:14–19 ESV

And if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain. We are even found to be misrepresenting God, because we testified about God that he raised Christ, whom he did not raise if it is true that the dead are not raised. For if the dead are not raised, not even Christ has been raised. And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile and you are still in your sins. Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished. If in Christ we have hope in this life only, we are of all people most to be pitied.

Jesus’ burial is reported in extremely early, independent sources:

All four gospels contain accounts of Jesus’ resurrection (; ; ; ). Throughout the book of Acts, the apostles continually speak of Jesus’ resurrection, encouraging people to trust in him as the one who is alive and reigning in heaven.

The rest of the New Testament depends entirely on the assumption that Jesus is a living, reigning Savior who is the head of the newly formed church. Simply put, one can find ample proof for the resurrection throughout the New Testament.

A Different Resurrection

Christ’s resurrection was not a simple coming back from the dead as others had experienced (such as Lazarus in ). What do you think was different with Christ?

Rather, when Jesus rose from the dead, he began a new kind of human life in which he had a perfect body that was no longer subject to weakness, aging, death, or decay. When Jesus rose from the dead, he had a body that would live eternally, for Jesus had “put on the imperishable”; he had “put on immortality” ().

1 Corinthians 15:53 ESV

For this perishable body must put on the imperishable, and this mortal body must put on immortality.

Jesus’ new body was a physical body. When his disciples saw him, they “took hold of his feet” (). His disciples “ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead” (). In his new body, Jesus “took … bread and blessed and broke it” (). He also invited Thomas to touch his hands and side (). The Bible is clear: Jesus physically rose from the dead with a body made of “flesh and bones” ().

Matthew 28:9 ESV

And behold, Jesus met them and said, “Greetings!” And they came up and took hold of his feet and worshiped him.

Acts 10:41 ESV

not to all the people but to us who had been chosen by God as witnesses, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead.

Luke 24:30 ESV

When he was at table with them, he took the bread and blessed and broke it and gave it to them.

John 20:27 ESV

Then he said to Thomas, “Put your finger here, and see my hands; and put out your hand, and place it in my side. Do not disbelieve, but believe.”

Luke 24:39 ESV

See my hands and my feet, that it is I myself. Touch me, and see. For a spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see that I have.”

Skeptics will say, “Of course the Bible will talk about the resurrection. That’s not proof.” How would you respond?

Results of the Resurrection

Consequently, all who look to Jesus for their salvation have been “born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead” ().

1 Peter 1:3 ESV

Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! According to his great mercy, he has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead,

That is, Christ earned for us a new future life that is like his own. Although our bodies are not yet like his new body, our spirits have already been made alive with new resurrection power.

This resurrection power helps us live the lives we were made to live. It gives us the power to gain more and more victory over sin in our lives.

Because of the resurrection, we can consider ourselves “dead to sin” (). Although we will not attain sinless perfection in this life, Paul still tells us that “sin will have no dominion” over us (); it will not rule us or control us. This resurrection power also includes power from the Holy Spirit, which enables us to do the work Jesus commissioned us to do ().

).

Romans 6:11 ESV

So you also must consider yourselves dead to sin and alive to God in Christ Jesus.

Romans 6:11 ESV

So you also must consider yourselves dead to sin and alive to God in Christ Jesus.

Romans 6:14 ESV

For sin will have no dominion over you, since you are not under law but under grace.

Romans 6:14 ESV

For sin will have no dominion over you, since you are not under law but under grace.

Acts 1:8 ESV

But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.”

Matthew 28:19–20 ESV

Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.”

In addition, Jesus’ resurrection insures our right standing before God. Read

Romans 4:25 ESV

who was delivered up for our trespasses and raised for our justification.

When God raised Jesus from the dead, he was affirming Jesus’ work on our behalf. He was demonstrating his approval of Jesus’ work of suffering and dying for our sins.

He was affirming that Jesus’ work on our behalf was complete; the penalty for sin was paid, and therefore, Jesus did not need to remain dead any longer.

What is the significance of and

Defending the Resurrection - Historical Proof

1 Corinthians 6:14 ESV

And God raised the Lord and will also raise us up by his power.

2 Corinthians 4:14 ESV

knowing that he who raised the Lord Jesus will raise us also with Jesus and bring us with you into his presence.

Our New Bodies

Jesus’ resurrection means we will also experience a resurrection of our own. Look at the following verses: ; ;

1 Corinthians 15:20 ESV

But in fact Christ has been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.

1 Corinthians 15:51 ESV

Behold! I tell you a mystery. We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed,

; ; ).

1 Corinthians 15:53 ESV

For this perishable body must put on the imperishable, and this mortal body must put on immortality.

At the final resurrection, our resurrection, we will receive a new body just like the one Jesus now inhabits.

Jesus’ Ascension

Forty days after his resurrection (), Jesus led his followers just outside Jerusalem “and lifting up his hands he blessed them. While he blessed them, he parted from them and was carried up into heaven” (). When Jesus left the earth, he left for a specific place: heaven.

Acts 1:3 ESV

He presented himself alive to them after his suffering by many proofs, appearing to them during forty days and speaking about the kingdom of God.

Luke 24:50–51 ESV

And he led them out as far as Bethany, and lifting up his hands he blessed them. While he blessed them, he parted from them and was carried up into heaven.

Once in heaven, Jesus was “exalted at the right hand of God” (). God “highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name” (). After his ascension, Jesus received glory, honor, and authority that had never been his before as one who was both God and man. Angelic choirs now sing praise to him with the words, “Worthy is the Lamb who was slain, to receive power and wealth and wisdom and might and honor and glory and blessing!” (). Now at God’s right hand, Christ “must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet” ().

Christ’s life provides a pattern for ours. Just as his resurrection lets us know what will eventually happen to us, his ascension lets us know where we will eventually go. And so we wait “with eager longing” () for Christ’s return when we will be taken from this world into a glorious new one. Then we, with our new perfect bodies, will live forever in our new perfect world.

Romans 8:19 ESV

For the creation waits with eager longing for the revealing of the sons of God.

INTRODUCTION

The Empty Tomb

1. the discovery of Jesus’ empty tomb by a group of his female followers on the Sunday morning after his crucifixion; 2. various individuals and groups’ experiencing appearances of Jesus alive after his death; and 3. the origin of the earliest disciples’ belief that God had raised Jesus from the dead. If these three facts can be established as historical, the question will then be whether they are best explained by what I’ll call the “Resurrection Hypothesis”— namely, that God raised Jesus from the dead, or by some other explanation.

According to the accounts, Jesus was buried by a member of the Jewish Sanhedrin named Joseph of Arimathea. As a member of the Jewish Sanhedrin that condemned Jesus, Joseph of Arimathea is unlikely to be a Christian invention.

Jesus’ burial by Joseph is very probably historical, since it would be almost inexplicable why Christians would invent a story about a Jewish Sanhedrist who gives Jesus a proper burial.

If the accounts of Jesus’ burial in the Gospels are basically accurate, then the location of Jesus’ tomb was known in Jerusalem to both Jew and Christian alike.

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If the accounts of Jesus’ burial in the Gospels are basically accurate, then the location of Jesus’ tomb was known in Jerusalem to both Jew and Christian alike.

Why is this important?

Even if people had believed that Jesus had risen, the Jewish authorities would have crushed the whole affair simply by pointing to Jesus’ occupied tomb or perhaps even opening the tomb to reveal the corpse as decisive proof that Jesus had not risen back to life.

Jesus’ resurrection story flourished in the very city where Jesus had been publicly crucified.

One of the most noteworthy facts about the early Christian belief in Jesus’ resurrection was that it flourished in the very city where Jesus had been publicly crucified. So long as the inhabitants of Jerusalem thought that Jesus’ corpse lay in the tomb, few would have been prepared to believe such silliness as the claim that God had raised Jesus from the dead.

One of the most noteworthy facts about the early Christian belief in Jesus’ resurrection was that it flourished in the very city where Jesus had been publicly crucified. So long as the inhabitants of Jerusalem thought that Jesus’ corpse lay in the tomb, few would have been prepared to believe such silliness as the claim that God had raised Jesus from the dead.

So long as the inhabitants of Jerusalem thought that Jesus’ corpse lay in the tomb, few would have been prepared to believe such silliness as the claim that God had raised Jesus from the dead.

even if people had believed that Jesus had risen, the Jewish authorities would have crushed the whole affair simply by pointing to Jesus’ occupied tomb or perhaps even opening the tomb to reveal the corpse as decisive proof that Jesus had not risen back to life.

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First, Jesus’ burial is reported in extremely early, independent sources.

The Creed Paul Received

Someone read

1 Corinthians 15:3–5 ESV

3 For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, 4 that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures, 5 and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve.

In the minds of first-century Jews, there would have been no question that Jesus’ tomb would have been empty as a result of his being raised. Therefore, when the tradition states that Christ “was buried and he was raised,” it automatically implies that an empty tomb was left behind.

Paul in his first letter to the church in Corinth cites an old Christian tradition that he had received from the earliest disciples

Paul probably received this tradition no later than his visit to Jerusalem in AD 36 after his conversion in AD 33 ()

This tradition, therefore, goes back to within the first five years after Jesus’ crucifixion in AD 30.

Galatians 1:18 ESV

18 Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to visit Cephas and remained with him fifteen days.

Empty Tomb: Women Witnesses

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CHAPTER 2:

First, women were not regarded as credible witnesses.

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Second, women occupied a low rung on the Jewish social ladder. Compared to men, women were, frankly, second-class citizens.

The negative attitude toward the testimony of women is evident in the Jewish historian Josephus’ description of Jewish rules for admissible testimony: “Let not the testimony of women be admitted, on account of the levity and boldness of their sex.”

In the minds of first-century Jews, there would have been no question that Jesus’ tomb would have been empty as a result of his being raised. Therefore, when the tradition states that Christ “was buried and he was raised,” it automatically implies that an empty tomb was left behind.

If you are going to create a legend, you certainly would not want to use weak witnesses to help your claim

If the empty tomb story were a legend, then male disciples would have been made to be the ones who discover the empty tomb.

CHAPTER 3:

The fact that women— whose testimonies were deemed worthless— are the chief witnesses to the fact of the empty tomb can only be plausibly explained if, like it or not, they actually were the discoverers of the empty tomb, and the Gospel writers faithfully record what (for them) was an awkward and embarrassing fact.

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The Disciples Stole the Body??

First, women were not regarded as credible witnesses. The negative attitude toward the testimony of women is evident in the Jewish historian Josephus’ description of Jewish rules for admissible testimony: “Let not the testimony of women be admitted, on account of the levity and boldness of their sex.”

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What’s the problem with this argument?

Matthew 28:11–15 ESV

11 While they were going, behold, some of the guard went into the city and told the chief priests all that had taken place. 12 And when they had assembled with the elders and taken counsel, they gave a sufficient sum of money to the soldiers 13 and said, “Tell people, ‘His disciples came by night and stole him away while we were asleep.’ 14 And if this comes to the governor’s ears, we will satisfy him and keep you out of trouble.” 15 So they took the money and did as they were directed. And this story has been spread among the Jews to this day.

CHAPTER 4:

Think about that: “His disciples came by night and stole him away.” The Jewish authorities did not deny the fact that Jesus’ tomb was empty;

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Think about that: “His disciples came by night and stole him away.” The Jewish authorities did not deny the fact that Jesus’ tomb was empty;

In other words, the Jewish claim that the disciples stole the body presupposes that the body was, in fact, missing. Therefore, we have evidence from the very adversaries of the early Christian movement for the fact of the empty tomb.

The Appearances

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There can be little doubt that such an appearance occurred, for it is attested in the old Christian tradition, vouched for by Paul, and independently described by both Luke and John.

The Gospel-appearance narratives also show that the appearances were physical and bodily; in fact, every resurrection appearance cited in the Gospels unanimously testifies to a physical, bodily appearance.

The 500

Look at

1 Corinthians 15:6 ESV

6 Then he appeared to more than five hundred brothers at one time, most of whom are still alive, though some have fallen asleep.

What is the significance of Paul’s statement here?

the fact that the most of the 500 are still alive, unless Paul is saying, in effect, ‘The witnesses are there to be questioned.’” 10 Paul would not have said this if the event had not occurred. He wouldn’t have challenged people to talk to the eyewitnesses if the event had never taken place and there were no eyewitnesses.

The Appearance to James

Jesus’ family didn’t believe he was the Messiah, or a prophet, or even anybody special. By the criterion of embarrassment, the unbelief of Jesus’ own family is undoubtedly a historical fact.

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Go to ;

Mark 3:21 ESV

21 And when his family heard it, they went out to seize him, for they were saying, “He is out of his mind.”

John 7:5 ESV

5 For not even his brothers believed in him.

Jesus’ crucifixion would not account for this transformation, since Jesus’ execution would only confirm in James’ mind that his brother’s Messianic pretensions were delusory, just as he had thought.

Yet, James was one of the earliest martyrs for the Christian faith. Why would he change so dramatically?

Mark 3:21 ESV

21 And when his family heard it, they went out to seize him, for they were saying, “He is out of his mind.”

Mark 3:31–35 ESV

31 And his mother and his brothers came, and standing outside they sent to him and called him. 32 And a crowd was sitting around him, and they said to him, “Your mother and your brothers are outside, seeking you.” 33 And he answered them, “Who are my mother and my brothers?” 34 And looking about at those who sat around him, he said, “Here are my mother and my brothers! 35 For whoever does the will of God, he is my brother and sister and mother.”

John 7:1–10 ESV

1 After this Jesus went about in Galilee. He would not go about in Judea, because the Jews were seeking to kill him. 2 Now the Jews’ Feast of Booths was at hand. 3 So his brothers said to him, “Leave here and go to Judea, that your disciples also may see the works you are doing. 4 For no one works in secret if he seeks to be known openly. If you do these things, show yourself to the world.” 5 For not even his brothers believed in him. 6 Jesus said to them, “My time has not yet come, but your time is always here. 7 The world cannot hate you, but it hates me because I testify about it that its works are evil. 8 You go up to the feast. I am not going up to this feast, for my time has not yet fully come.” 9 After saying this, he remained in Galilee. 10 But after his brothers had gone up to the feast, then he also went up, not publicly but in private.

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Now, how does one explain this? On one hand, it seems certain that Jesus’ brothers did not believe in him during his lifetime; on the other, it’s equally certain that they became ardent Christians who were active in ministry. Jesus’ crucifixion would not account for this transformation, since Jesus’ execution would only confirm in James’ mind that his brother’s Messianic pretensions were delusory, just as he had thought.

The Appearance to Paul

Can there be any doubt that the reason for this amazing transformation is the fact that “then he appeared to James”? Even the skeptical New Testament critic Hans Grass acknowledges that James’ conversion is one of the surest proofs of the resurrection of Jesus Christ.

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The incident on the Damascus Road changed Saul’s whole life. He was a rabbi, a Pharisee, a respected Jewish leader. He hated the Christian heresy and did everything he could to stamp it out.

What is it about Paul that proves Jesus appeared to him?

Then suddenly, he gave up everything— including his position as a respected Jewish leader— and became a Christian missionary. He entered a life of poverty, labor, and suffering. He was whipped, beaten, and stoned; left for dead; shipwrecked three times; and remained in constant danger, deprivation, and anxiety (

2 Corinthians 11:25–28 ESV

25 Three times I was beaten with rods. Once I was stoned. Three times I was shipwrecked; a night and a day I was adrift at sea; 26 on frequent journeys, in danger from rivers, danger from robbers, danger from my own people, danger from Gentiles, danger in the city, danger in the wilderness, danger at sea, danger from false brothers; 27 in toil and hardship, through many a sleepless night, in hunger and thirst, often without food, in cold and exposure. 28 And, apart from other things, there is the daily pressure on me of my anxiety for all the churches.

2 Corinthians 11:25–28 ESV

25 Three times I was beaten with rods. Once I was stoned. Three times I was shipwrecked; a night and a day I was adrift at sea; 26 on frequent journeys, in danger from rivers, danger from robbers, danger from my own people, danger from Gentiles, danger in the city, danger in the wilderness, danger at sea, danger from false brothers; 27 in toil and hardship, through many a sleepless night, in hunger and thirst, often without food, in cold and exposure. 28 And, apart from other things, there is the daily pressure on me of my anxiety for all the churches.

The Bible does not record Paul’s death, but early Christian writers such as Eusebius record his death during the reign of Emperor Nero, likely occuring anywhere from A.D. 64 - A.D. 68. As a Roman citizen, he would not have been crucified, but likely beheaded.

2 Corinthians 11:25 ESV

25 Three times I was beaten with rods. Once I was stoned. Three times I was shipwrecked; a night and a day I was adrift at sea;

)

2 Corinthians 11:25–26 ESV

25 Three times I was beaten with rods. Once I was stoned. Three times I was shipwrecked; a night and a day I was adrift at sea; 26 on frequent journeys, in danger from rivers, danger from robbers, danger from my own people, danger from Gentiles, danger in the city, danger in the wilderness, danger at sea, danger from false brothers;

2 Corinthians 11:25–26 ESV

25 Three times I was beaten with rods. Once I was stoned. Three times I was shipwrecked; a night and a day I was adrift at sea; 26 on frequent journeys, in danger from rivers, danger from robbers, danger from my own people, danger from Gentiles, danger in the city, danger in the wilderness, danger at sea, danger from false brothers;

Then suddenly, he gave up everything— including his position as a respected Jewish leader— and became a Christian missionary. He entered a life of poverty, labor, and suffering. He was whipped, beaten, and stoned; left for dead; shipwrecked three times; and remained in constant danger, deprivation, and anxiety.

Finally, he made the ultimate sacrifice and was martyred for his faith at Rome. And it was all because on that day outside Damascus, he saw “Jesus our Lord” (l Cor. 9: 1). To summarize, Paul’s testimony establishes historically that various individuals and groups of people on different occasions experienced appearances of Jesus alive after his death.

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Even the skeptical German critic Gerd Ludemann is emphatic: “It may be taken as historically certain that Peter and the disciples had experiences after Jesus’ death in which Jesus appeared to them as the risen Christ.” 13 The evidence firmly establishes that on separate occasions, different individuals and groups had experiences of seeing Jesus alive from the dead. Scarcely any historical scholar today disputes this conclusion.

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We can also conclude that the Resurrected Christ’s appearances were physical, bodily appearances.

Paul implies that the appearances were physical in two ways. First, he conceives of the resurrection body as physical; all commentators recognize that Paul does not teach the immortality of the soul alone, but rather the resurrection of the body. In ,

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Paul draws four essential contrasts between the present, earthly body and our future, resurrection body.

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We can be sure of Paul’s meaning by looking at the way Paul uses precisely these same words in , several chapters earlier and within the same letter. The natural person does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are folly to him, and he is not able to understand them because they are spiritually discerned. The spiritual person judges all things, but is himself to be judged by no one. - Clearly natural person doesn’t mean physical person; rather, a person oriented toward human nature. Similarly, spiritual person doesn’t mean an intangible, invisible person; it refers to a person oriented toward the Spirit. We find the same contrast in . The present, earthly body will be freed from its domination by sinful human nature and will become, instead, fully empowered and directed by God’s Spirit. Paul’s doctrine of the resurrection body therefore implies a physical resurrection.

CHAPTER 8:

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It was on the basis of belief in his resurrection that the disciples could believe that Jesus was, indeed, the Messiah.

Thus, the origin of the Christian movement hinges on the belief of the earliest disciples that God had raised Jesus from the dead. But now the obvious question cannot be avoided: How do we explain the origin of that belief?

These three great, independently established facts represent the majority view of New Testament critics today. The only point of serious disagreement would be on the physical nature of the resurrection appearances. But the state of current scholarship strongly supports the three facts as I have stated them. These are not merely the conclusions of conservative or evangelical scholars; these are the conclusions of mainstream, New Testament criticism. As we saw, three-quarters of scholars who have written on the subject accept the fact of the empty tomb; virtually no one today denies that the earliest disciples experienced post-mortem appearances of Jesus; and far and away, most scholars agree that the earliest disciples at least believed that God had raised Jesus from the dead. It’s the critic who would deny these facts that today finds himself on the defensive.

CHAPTER 11:

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But the Conspiracy Hypothesis is undoubtedly the weakest when it comes to explaining the origin of the disciples’ belief in Jesus’ resurrection. For the hypothesis really denies that fact; instead, it seeks to explain only why it appeared that the disciples believed in Jesus’ resurrection. But as scholars have universally recognized, you can’t plausibly deny that the earliest disciples at least sincerely believed that God had raised Jesus from the dead, such that they were willing to die for that belief. The transformation in the lives of the disciples cannot be plausibly explained by saying that they were liars and hoaxers; this problem alone has served to sink the old Conspiracy Hypothesis forever.

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As the British New Testament historian N. T. Wright nicely puts it, if you’re a first-century Jew, and your favorite Messiah got himself crucified, then you’ve basically got two choices: Either you go home, or get yourself a new Messiah. But the disciples would never have come up with the outlandish and un-Jewish idea of stealing Jesus’ corpse and saying that God had raised him from the dead.

Jesus predicts his resurrection, and what do the disciples ask? “Why is it that the scribes say that first Elijah must come?” Jews believed that the prophet Elijah would come again before the Day of the Lord, the judgment day on which the dead would be raised. The disciples had no idea of a resurrection occurring prior to the end of the world; therefore, Jesus’ predictions of his own resurrection only confused them.

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Ancient Judaism had no place for the resurrection of an isolated individual, especially of the Messiah. Therefore, after Jesus’ crucifixion and burial, all the disciples could do was wait with longing for the general resurrection of the dead to be re-united their Master. Left to their own devices, then, the disciples would not have come up with the idea that, contrary to Jewish beliefs, God had raised Jesus from the dead. This point undermines not only conspiracy theories, which imagine that the disciples insincerely proclaimed Jesus’ resurrection, but also any theory which suggests that, on the basis of pagan or Jewish influences, they sincerely came to believe in and preached his resurrection.

CHAPTER 12:

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The Apparent Death Hypothesis is terribly implausible. Roman executioners could be relied upon to make sure that their victims were dead! Since it’s difficult to discern the precise moment of death by crucifixion, Roman executioners sometimes ensured death by a spear thrust into the victim’s side. This is what happened Jesus’ case (). Moreover, the scenario that the hypothesis imagines is virtually impossible, medically speaking. The Jewish historian Josephus tells how, when three men he knew were crucified, he managed to have them taken down from their crosses. Despite the best medical attention, two of the three died anyway. 17 The extent of Jesus’ tortures was such that he could not plausibly have survived the crucifixion and entombment. And the idea that a man so critically wounded then went on to appear to the disciples on various occasions in both Jerusalem and Galilee is sheer fantasy.

CHAPTER 15:

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The plausibility of Jesus’ resurrection grows exponentially once we consider it in its proper philosophical context— namely, a theistic worldview— in its historical context, namely Jesus’ own unparalleled life/ radical personal claims. Given that God exists, the hypothesis that God would raise Jesus of Nazareth from the dead cannot be said to be implausible.

Questions for Review and Application

1. Why is it important that Jesus rose from the dead?

3. What about Jesus’ resurrection makes you long for your own resurrection?