YOUR ROYAL IDENTITY (2)

The Complete Word Study Dictionary: New Testament 217. ἅλας hálas

217. ἅλας hálas; gen. hálatos, neut. noun, equivalent to háls (251). Salt.

(I) Natural salt which purifies, cleanses, and preserves from corruption (Luke 14:34; Sept.: Lev. 2:13; Judg. 9:45). In Matt. 5:13 and Mark 9:50 applied spiritually to the disciples of Christ who were to circulate among and purify the corrupted mass of mankind by their heavenly doctrines and holy examples.

(II) Metaphorically used of wisdom and prudence (Matt. 5:13; Mark 9:50 [cf. Acts 15:9; Col. 4:6; 1 Pet. 1:4; 1 John 3:3]).

Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament based on Semantic Domains 9.22 οἰκουμένη, ης; γῆ, γῆς

9.22 οἰκουμένηc, ης f; γῆe, γῆς f: (figurative extensions of meaning of οἰκουμένηa ‘inhabited earth,’ 1.39, and of γῆa ‘earth,’ 1.39, respectively) all people who dwell on the earth—‘people, all mankind.’

οἰκουμένηc: ἔστησεν ἡμέραν ἐν ᾗ μέλλει κρίνειν τὴν οἰκουμένην ‘he has fixed a day in which he will judge all mankind’ Ac 17:31.

γῆe: ὑμεῖς ἐστε τὸ ἅλας τῆς γῆς ‘you are like salt for all mankind’ Mt 5:13.

The Complete Word Study Dictionary: New Testament 5457. φῶς phṓs

5457. φῶς phṓs; gen. phōtós, neut. noun from pháō (n.f.), to shine. Light. Also from pháō (n.f.): phōnḗ (5456), to sound.

(I) Particularly and generally:

(A) Of light in itself (2 Cor. 4:6, “For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness”); raiment (Matt. 17:2, “and his raiment was white as the light”; Sept.: Gen. 1:3, 4, 18).

(B) As emitted from a luminous body as a lamp, phṓs lúchnou ([3088], of a candle), the light of a candle (Luke 8:16; Rev. 18:23); of the sun (Rev. 22:5; Sept.: Is. 4:5; 30:26; Jer. 25:10; of the moon, Ezek. 32:7; Hab. 3:11).

(C) Of daylight (John 11:9, 10; Sept.: 1 Sam. 25:34, 36; Job 3:16) as the opposite of núx (3571), night. “Hateth the light” (John 3:20); “to the light” (John 3:21) meaning openly, publicly, opposite of en tḗ skotía (4653), “in the darkness” (a.t. [Matt. 10:27; Luke 12:3]). In Eph. 5:13 it also stands in opposition to skótos (4655), darkness, figurative of sin. See Eph. 5:11.

(D) Of the dazzling light, splendor or glory which surrounds the throne of God in which He dwells (1 Tim. 6:16; Rev. 21:24 [cf. Ps. 104:2; Is. 60:1, 19, 20]). Hence, also as surrounding the Lord Jesus Christ in His appearances after His ascension (Acts 9:3, 5; 22:6, 9, 11; 26:13); of angels (Acts 12:7; 2 Cor. 11:14); of glorified saints (Col. 1:12).

(II) Metonymically, a light, a luminous body.

(A) A lamp or torch (Acts 16:29; Sept.: Ps. 119:105).

(B) A fire (Mark 14:54; Luke 22:56).

(C) Of the heavenly luminaries, the sun, moon, and stars (James 1:17; Sept.: Jer. 4:23).

(III) Figuratively, meaning moral and spiritual light and knowledge which enlightens the mind, soul or conscience; including also the idea of moral goodness, purity and holiness, and of consequent reward and happiness.

(A) Generally, true knowledge of God and spiritual things, Christian piety (John 3:19; 8:12; Acts 26:18; Rom. 13:12; 2 Cor. 6:14; Eph. 5:8; 1 John 2:8), true Christians as huioí (5207), “sons of light” (a.t. [Luke 16:8; John 12:36]), and tékna (5043), “children of light” (1 Thess. 5:5). In Eph. 5:8, “ye were sometimes darkness, but now are ye light in the Lord,” means you are enlightened by the Lord. In 1 John 2:10, “He that loveth his brother abideth [ménō {3306}] in the light.” As exhibited in the life and teaching of someone (Matt. 5:16, “let your light so shine before men”; John 5:35; Sept.: Is. 2:5). Where the idea of holiness predominates as of God and those conformed to Him (1 John 1:5, 7); of peace and happiness (1 Pet. 2:9). In Matt. 4:16, “the people which sat in darkness saw great light” quoted from Is. 9:2. See also Acts 26:23; Sept.: Ps. 36:9; Is. 58:8, 10.

(B) Metonymically, a light, the author or dispenser of moral and spiritual light, a moral teacher; generally (Rom. 2:19). Of disciplers (Matt. 5:14; Acts 13:47 quoted from Is. 49:6; see also Sept.: Is. 42:6). Especially of Jesus as the great Teacher and Savior of the world who brought life and immortality to light in His gospel (see Luke 2:32; John 1:4, 5, 7–9; 3:19; 8:12; 9:5; 12:35, 36, 46).

(C) “The light that is in thee” (Matt. 6:23; Luke 11:35) means the mind, conscience, corresponding to ho lúchnos (3088), candle, light, and ho ophthalmós (3788), the eye.

Deriv.: phaínō (5316), to give light illuminate; phōstḗr (5458), gleam; phōsphóros (5459), bearing light, morning star; phōteinós (5460), bright, radiant; phōtízō (5461), to shine, make known.

Syn.: apaúgasma (541), brightness; lamprótēs (2987), brilliancy, brightness.

Ant.: skótos (4655), darkness; skotía (4653), darkness; zóphos (2217), gloom, blackness, darkness

The Complete Word Study Dictionary: New Testament 2889. κόσμος kósmos