Kingdom of Heaven in Matthew's Gospel

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Kingdom of Heaven

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OT “The LORD has established his throne in the heavens, and his kingdom rules over all” ( NRSV)
Dictionary of Biblical Imagery Kingdom of God/Kingdom of Heaven

the faithful in Israel “shall speak of the glory of your kingdom, and tell of your power … your kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and your dominion endures throughout all generations” (Ps 145:11–13

Dictionary of Biblical Imagery Kingdom of God/Kingdom of Heaven

the faithful in Israel “shall speak of the glory of your kingdom, and tell of your power … your kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and your dominion endures throughout all generations” (Ps 145:11–13

Dictionary of Biblical Imagery Kingdom of God/Kingdom of Heaven

the faithful in Israel “shall speak of the glory of your kingdom, and tell of your power … your kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and your dominion endures throughout all generations” (Ps 145:11–13

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Dictionary of Biblical Imagery Kingdom of God/Kingdom of Heaven

enthronement psalms (Ps 45; 93; 96; 97; 98; 99) provide a fertile and verdant field of imagery for understanding Jesus’ message of the kingdom of God

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God is King and a man of war primarily in the Exodus 15.3

Yahweh is a man of war; Yahweh is his name.

v8 Yahweh will reign as king forever and ever
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Over all creation; intimately involved in shaping history and individual lives
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Then David blessed Yahweh in the sight of all the assembly, and David said, “Blessed are you, O Yahweh, God of Israel, our father forever and ever!

11 To you, O Yahweh, is the greatness and the power and the splendor and the glory and the strength, for everything in the heavens and in the earth. Yours, O Yahweh, is the kingdom and exaltation over all as head!

12 And wealth and glory are from you, and you rule over all. And in your hand is power and might. And in your hand is power to make great and to give strength to all.

And now if you will carefully listen to my voice and keep my covenant, you will be a treasured possession for me out of all the peoples, ⌊for all the earth is mine⌋,c

6 but you, you will belong to me as a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.

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All the ends of the earth

will remember and turn to Yahweh.

All the families of the nations

will worship before you.

28 Because the kingship belongs to Yahweh,

and he rules over the nations

Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels 2. Old Testament Antecedents

No other writing of the OT has more to say about the sovereignty of God than Daniel, where the kingdom of God is the central theme

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Human kingdoms are under the control of YHWH, called the God of Heaven.
stone; son of man
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Term Kingdom of God nowhere in OT.
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Judaism - At the basis was the OT idea of Yahweh’s eschatological epiphany in judgment* to punish the wicked (i.e., Israel’s enemies) and reward the just (i.e., Israel).
this done thr King Messiah, descendant of David, bringing great blessing and prosperity as never before. The messianic age will finally free Israel from Gentile rule. “We have never been in bondage to any man.” Preceded by Elijah and prophet like Moses.
Before the coming of Messiah, there will be tribulation for the Jewish people. In rabbinic literature this came to be called the birth pangs of the Messiah (b. Sanh. 98b.; Str-B I.950).

of God, and to vindicate the righteous (1 Enoch 46:1–6; 48:2–6; 62:5–7; 4 Ezra 12:32). Another difference is that according to 1 Enoch 90:16–38 the Messiah will appear after the judgment, whereas in most other works (Sib. Or. 3:652–6; Pss. Sol. 17:14–41; 1 Enoch 46:4–6; 62:3–12; 69:27–9; 4 Ezra 13:32–8; cf. Mt 25:31–46) he actually conquers or judges his enemies

The traditional view of a fully human, Davidic Messiah (Pss. Sol. 17:5, 23; Sib. Or. 3:49) who conquers the wicked (Sib. Or. 3:652–56; Pss. Sol. 17:23–32) is frequent, while in works belonging to the Danielic tradition the Messiah is a pre-existent, supernatural being with powers to judge the kings and the mighty, in short, all the enemies

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of God, and to vindicate the righteous (1 Enoch 46:1–6; 48:2–6; 62:5–7; 4 Ezra 12:32). Another difference is that according to 1 Enoch 90:16–38 the Messiah will appear after the judgment, whereas in most other works (Sib. Or. 3:652–6; Pss. Sol. 17:14–41; 1 Enoch 46:4–6; 62:3–12; 69:27–9; 4 Ezra 13:32–8; cf. Mt 25:31–46) he actually conquers or judges his enemies

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Jesus
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continuity w OT
K of H is present and demands a response of obedience and righteousness beyond that of the religious establishment. seek first his kingdom and righteousness . 2. K of H not geographical - not limited to Israel, but spiritual, it is to be experienced - to enter into. 3. The K of H was entirely linked to Jesus the Messiah - tho’ Jesus never outwardly proclaimed Himself to be the Messiah, He sought for His hears to deduce He was the expected Messiah. Therefore the fuzzy parables such as the seed. The K of H came quietly. The only cataclysm was in the rejection of family, betraying one another.
. 2. K of H not geographical - not limited to Israel, but spiritual, it is to be experienced - to enter into. 3. The K of H was entirely linked to Jesus the Messiah - tho’ Jesus never outwardly proclaimed Himself to be the Messiah, He sought for His hears to deduce He was the expected Messiah. Therefore the fuzzy parables such as the seed. The K of H came quietly. The only cataclysm was in the rejection of family, betraying one another.
W. Hall Harris III et al., eds., The Lexham English Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012), . 2. K of H not geographical - not limited to Israel, but spiritual, it is to be experienced - to enter into. 3. The K of H was entirely linked to Jesus the Messiah - tho’ Jesus never outwardly proclaimed Himself to be the Messiah, He sought for His hears to deduce He was the expected Messiah. Therefore the fuzzy parables such as the seed. The K of H came quietly. The only cataclysm was in the rejection of family, betraying one another.
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Kingdom central theme in Jesus’ preaching (preaching = announcement)
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the kingdom of heaven is at hand.” Mt 3:2

the kingdom of heaven is at hand.” Mt 4:17 932

proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom, Mt 4:23 932

for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Mt 5:3 932

for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Mt 5:10 932

called least in the kingdom of heaven; Mt 5:19 932

called great in the kingdom of heaven. Mt 5:19 932

will not enter the kingdom of heaven. Mt 5:20 932

‘Your kingdom come. Your will be done, Mt 6:10 932

For Yours is the kingdom and Mt 6:13 932

first His kingdom and His righteousness, Mt 6:33 932

Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, Mt 7:21 932

and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven; Mt 8:11 932

but the sons of the kingdom will be Mt 8:12 932

proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom, Mt 9:35 932

‘The kingdom of heaven is at hand.’ Mt 10:7 932

kingdom of heaven is greater than he. Mt 11:11 932

the kingdom of heaven suffers violence, Mt 11:12 932

“Any kingdom divided against itself is Mt 12:25 932

how then will his kingdom stand? Mt 12:26 932

the kingdom of God has come upon you. Mt 12:28 932

the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, Mt 13:11 932

anyone hears the word of the kingdom and Mt 13:19 932

“The kingdom of heaven may be compared Mt 13:24 932

“The kingdom of heaven is like a Mt 13:31 932

“The kingdom of heaven is like leaven, Mt 13:33 932

seed, these are the sons of the kingdom; Mt 13:38 932

out of His kingdom all stumbling blocks, Mt 13:41 932

THE SUN in the kingdom of their Father. Mt 13:43 932

“The kingdom of heaven is like a Mt 13:44 932

the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant Mt 13:45 932

the kingdom of heaven is like a dragnet Mt 13:47 932

become a disciple of the kingdom of heaven Mt 13:52 932

you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; Mt 16:19 932

the Son of Man coming in His kingdom.” Mt 16:28 932

is greatest in the kingdom of heaven?” Mt 18:1 932

will not enter the kingdom of heaven. Mt 18:3 932

the greatest in the kingdom of heaven. Mt 18:4 932

“For this reason the kingdom of heaven Mt 18:23 932

for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. Mt 19:12 932

for the kingdom of heaven belongs to Mt 19:14 932

rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven. Mt 19:23 932

rich man to enter the kingdom of God.” Mt 19:24 932

“For the kingdom of heaven is like a Mt 20:1 932

“Command that in Your kingdom these two Mt 20:21 932

get into the kingdom of God before you. Mt 21:31 932

the kingdom of God will be taken away Mt 21:43 932

“The kingdom of heaven may be compared Mt 22:2 932

shut off the kingdom of heaven from people; Mt 23:13 932

nation, and kingdom against kingdom, Mt 24:7 932

nation, and kingdom against kingdom, Mt 24:7 932

“This gospel of the kingdom shall Mt 24:14 932

“Then the kingdom of heaven will be Mt 25:1 932

inherit the kingdom prepared for you Mt 25:34 932

it new with you in My Father’s kingdom.” Mt 26:29

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