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The Wisemen of the Nativity
Words composed by an Englishman named William Chatterton Dix in 1865 continue to help people around the world consider the annual question posed during the Christmas season: What child is this? Within the lyrics of this famous Christmas carol about the baby Jesus who was born in the manger in Bethlehem, people encounter characters and their actions which help answer the inquiry posed in the title of the song.
Although wise men or magi specifically are not mentioned as characters in the carol, their notifiable actions of worship and generosity lead the lyrics of the third stanza.
"So bring him incense, gold, and myrrh…"
The wise men make their appearance in Matthew's gospel account of the Christmas story.
From the start of chapter two, we are introduced to these men and discover some details about their origins and intentions.
As we understand who these wise men were, we can begin to see a reflection of some of their attributes found in the life of Jesus.
Let us allow their lives to help us understand "what child is this."
Matthew introduces the Magi into the Nativity story at the beginning of chapter two:
According to the text, the wise men came "from the east."
Depending on where Matthew was composing this text, "from the east" could mean a variety of places.
Most likely these wise men were Gentiles from Arabia.
For a Jewish Christian living in the Holy Land, "from the east" would be a term that referred to places on the east side of the Jordan River.
It meant that in the first century to Jewish Christians just as it does today.
Those who lived in the Holy Land in the first century would have referred to the Jordanian desert areas that connect with the deserts of Arabia as "from the east."
The Arabian deserts and Arabian Peninsula include areas such as modern day Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, and Jordan.
"Now after Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, behold, wise men from the east came to Jerusalem, saying, ‘Where is he who has been born king of the Jews? For we saw his star when it rose and have come to worship him.'"
Matthew 2:1-2
According to the text, the wise men came "from the east."
Depending on where Matthew was composing this text, "from the east" could mean a variety of places.
Most likely these wise men were Gentiles from Arabia.
For a Jewish Christian living in the Holy Land, "from the east" would be a term that referred to places on the east side of the Jordan River.
It meant that in the first century to Jewish Christians just as it does today.
Those who lived in the Holy Land in the first century would have referred to the Jordanian desert areas that connect with the deserts of Arabia as "from the east."
The Arabian deserts and Arabian Peninsula include areas such as modern day Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, and Jordan.
One of the strong indicators that these wise men came from that general region of the world is linked to the types of gifts they came to lay before Jesus at his birth as part of their intentions to worship this newborn king.
Matthew 2:11 says,
"And going into the house they saw the child with Mary his mother, and they fell down and worshiped him.
Then, opening their treasures, they offered him gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh."
Matthew 2:11
These wise men likely were carrying this gold from the place it was mined: most likely Arabia.
Biblical writers give astute readers clues to the origin of much of the mined gold in biblical times such as Ophir and Sheba which were located in the Arabian Peninsula.
(cf.
1 Kings 9:28; 10:2; 1 Chronicles 29:3-4; Job 28:16).
More than the gold, the remaining gifts of frankincense and myrrh are the real evidence that these wise men likely were from Arabia.
Both of these gifts are harvested from trees that primarily grow in southern Arabia.
The Arabian Peninsula dwellers who were wealthy would have been in the possession of these localized treasures.
Those in the early church likely would have been aware of these realities.
These wise men likely were carrying this gold from the place it was mined: most likely Arabia.
Biblical writers give astute readers clues to the origin of much of the mined gold in biblical times such as Ophir and Sheba which were located in the Arabian Peninsula.
(cf.
1 Kings 9:28; 10:2; 1 Chronicles 29:3-4; Job 28:16).
More than the gold, the remaining gifts of frankincense and myrrh are the real evidence that these wise men likely were from Arabia.
Both of these gifts are harvested from trees that primarily grow in southern Arabia.
The Arabian Peninsula dwellers who were wealthy would have been in the possession of these localized treasures.
Those in the early church likely would have been aware of these realities.
It is also important regarding prophecy fulfillment to trace the origins of the wealthy wise men back to Arabia.
The words of Isaiah 60 speak of a prophetic future glory of Israel that ultimately gets fulfilled in the person of Jesus.
"Arise, shine; for your light has come, and the glory of the Lord has risen upon you.
For behold, darkness shall cover the earth, and thick darkness the peoples; but the Lord will arise upon you and his glory will be seen upon you.
And nations shall come to your light and kings to the brightness of your rising.
Lift up your eyes all around, and see; they all gather together, they come to you; your sons shall come from afar, and your daughters shall be carried on the hip.
Then you shall see and be radiant; your heart shall thrill and exult, because the abundance of the sea shall be turned to you, the wealth of the nations shall come to you.
A multitude of camels shall cover you, the young camels of Midian and Ephah; all those from Sheba shall come.
They shall bring gold and frankincense, and shall bring good news, the praises of the Lord."
Isaiah 60:1-6
The Lands to the East
The ancient lands of Midian, Ephah, and Sheba all are located in the Arabian Peninsula.
The first two are tribal lands in the north with Sheba found in the south.
The gifts mentioned in the Isaiah prophecy are consistent with the gifts the wise men brought to Jesus mentioned in the Matthew account.
These gifts were carried from their origins in Arabia.
The ancient lands of Midian, Ephah, and Sheba all are located in the Arabian Peninsula.
The first two are tribal lands in the north with Sheba found in the south.
The gifts mentioned in the Isaiah prophecy are consistent with the gifts the wise men brought to Jesus mentioned in the Matthew account.
These gifts were carried from their origins in Arabia.
Commentary on the birth narrative also affirms that the wise men were from Arabia.
As early as 160 A.D., a Palestinian Christian named Justin Martyr recorded a conversation with a Jew named Trypho.
The conversation in book form called Dialogue with Trypho, the Jew, which still survives today, includes these words inscribed by Justin: "The wise men from Arabia came to Bethlehem and worshiped the child and offered to him gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh."
The location of
Arabia is mentioned as fact in Justin Martyr's writings in five different places.
Such information regarding an Arabian origin of the wise men also is asserted by Tertullian and Clement of Rome.
What do the origin and gifts of the wise men have to do with answering the question: What child is this?
First, they both came from afar
First, consider the comparison of origins of the wise men and Jesus that led to a pair of arrivals.
The wise men traveled a great distance before their arrival at the manger.
Likewise, Jesus came a great distance to draw near to humanity and embody Immanuel: God with us. While Jesus did not come "from the east" as did the wise men, He did come to dwell among us from His previous position of being "with God…from the Father."
Thus, the child in the manger is the one who, like the wise men, made an arrival in Bethlehem from some distance.
Notice how John records such origins of Jesus regarding location of His whereabouts in the opening verses of his gospel.
, ,
When considering the Christmas story, it is important to remember that Jesus came not only to seek and save Jewish working class shepherds who did not always have much money but also came for Gentile Arabs who were wealthy and came bearing gifts to the Messiah.
This mention of wealth and gifts brings us to the second comparison between the wise men and Jesus.
Second, they all came from a place of wealth
The scenes from Revelation 4, 5 and 21 each speak to the wealth, glory, and power that surrounded Jesus in heaven.
Equally, this is the same God of whom the Psalmist writes and speaks of His wealth.
Just as it is inferred that the wise men were from a position of wealth, likewise, Jesus came from a place of means.
He is the God who stepped out from the riches of heaven and into the poverty of a lowly manger in a Bethlehem stable.
The scenes from Revelation 4, 5 and 21 each speak to the wealth, glory, and power that surrounded Jesus in heaven.
Equally, this is the same God of whom the Psalmist writes and speaks of His wealth.
When considering the Christmas story, it is important to remember that Jesus came not only to seek and save Jewish working class shepherds who did not always have much money but also came for Gentile Arabs who were wealthy and came bearing gifts to the Messiah.
This mention of wealth and gifts brings us to the second comparison between the wise men and Jesus.
Just as it is inferred that the wise men were from a position of wealth, likewise, Jesus came from a place of means.
He is the God who stepped out from the riches of heaven and into the poverty of a lowly manger in a Bethlehem stable.
The scenes from Revelation 4, 5 and 21 each speak to the wealth, glory, and power that surrounded Jesus in heaven.
Equally, this is the same God of whom the Psalmist writes and speaks of His wealth.
"For every beast of the forest is mine, the cattle on a thousand hills."
Psalm 50:10
"The earth is the Lord's and the fullness thereof, the world and those who dwell therein."
Psalm 24:1
Whether in His throne room of heaven or among the earth He created as we previously read in John's gospel passage, this child in the manger is the Lord.
He is the One who created and owns all wealth.
Thus, this child is like the wise men in that they both come from a place of means and have access to wealth.
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