Echoes in Advent: The King is Coming
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Advent
Longing for redemption for the people of God were in exile.
Anticipation
For a redeemer (exile)
For a king (David)
The men on the road to Emmaus were hoping that Jesus would be the one to redeem Israel.
For a king (David)
For a blessing (Abraham)
Remember
The men on the road to Emmaus were hoping that Jesus would be the one to redeem Israel.
Then Jesus replies,
And he said to them, “O foolish ones, and slow of heart to believe all that the prophets have spoken! Was it not necessary that the Christ should suffer these things and enter into his glory?” And beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, he interpreted to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning himself.
As Jesus walked through the OT to show them how all of scripture echoes Jesus, he would have have talked about
Luke 24:
How Joseph Echoes Jesus
How Jacob echoes Jesus
How Isaiah echoes Jesus
How Jonah Echoes Jesus
And perhaps the one he would have spent the most time on is showing these two men how David Echoes Jesus.
David is the paramount king in the OT
Israel’s greatest king, David, is esteemed in Scripture as a great ruler, warrior, poet and musician, and most of all, as a man after God’s own heart. Subsequent kings in Israel are compared, either favourably or unfavourably, with David. Most significantly, David is the prototype of the ideal coming king—the Messiah. God’s promise to David of a perpetual line () becomes in the royal psalms and the prophets the expectation of an ideal king from David’s line. The NT sees in Jesus Christ, the son of David, the fulfilment of these hopes
Israel’s greatest king, David, is esteemed in Scripture as a great ruler, warrior, poet and musician, and most of all, as a man after God’s own heart.
New Dictionary of Biblical Theology Introduction
Israel’s greatest king, David, is esteemed in Scripture as a great ruler, warrior, poet and musician, and most of all, as a man after God’s own heart. Subsequent kings in Israel are compared, either favourably or unfavourably, with David. Most significantly, David is the prototype of the ideal coming king—the Messiah. God’s promise to David of a perpetual line (2 Sam. 7) becomes in the royal psalms and the prophets the expectation of an ideal king from David’s line. The NT sees in Jesus Christ, the son of David, the fulfilment of these hopes
David wrote 75 Psalms -
He has chapters in the bible devoted to his victories on the battle field
outside of the psalms he has 3 books of the bible that are dedicated to telling his story.
David is
Subsequent kings in Israel are compared, either favourably or unfavorably, with David.
Most significantly, David is the prototype of the ideal coming king
The longing and the anticipation the people of God had for the Messiah was that he would be a king like David.
He would be a king who, like David, freed the people from oppression
He would be a king who, like David, fights the enemy and is their champion
He would be a king who, like David, would establish worship and lead the people of God toward the eternal cosmic kingdom.
The NT sees in Jesus Christ, the son of David, as the fulfilment of these hopes.
Remember the two
Remember the two
The gospel writers are constantly making the connection between Jesus and David.
Matthew begins his gospel in the first verse making the connection between Jesus and David.
The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham.
Later in Matthew’s gospel after healing a demon possessed man the crowds were amazed and said,
Matthew 12:23
And all the people were amazed, and said, “Can this be the Son of David?”
When Jesus makes his triumphal entry into the Jerusalem how do the people respond? They say,
Blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David! Hosanna in the highest!”
Jesus birth, life, and death are all associated with King David.
Matthew begins his gospel in the first verse making the connection between Jesus and David.
Tun with me to
Gabriel comes to Mary to announce Jesus birth and says to her,
And the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. And the Lord God will give to him the throne of his father David, and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end.”
“I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star.”
The angel is telling Mary that Jesus WILL be the one who is given the eternal throne of David.
Jesus WILL be the one who fulfills the Davidic covenant.
Jesus WILL be the King, and all the nations of the world will one day bow before their king.
So how does David’s life prepare us for Jesus? In what way does David’s story echo forward into the life of Jesus?
David was born in Bethlehem - and the prophecy given Micah was that the future king would also be born in Bethlehem
And Jesus, like David, was born in Bethlehem
David was literally a shepherd, and when he was anointed king God told him that he would be a shepherd to the people of Israel.
John’s gospel tells us that Jesus is the good shepherd
David was the only OT King to cast out demons,
So when Jesus cast out demons people thought that he might be the one to come after David.
In fact In Luke’s mind Jesus is so much like David that he structured his gospel to parallel 1st and 2nd Samuel two books dedicated to the life of David.
Because David has such a significant role in the history of Israel and YHWH’s redemption of Israel to who how David echoes Jesus would take its own sermon series that could last well over a year. So this morning we will look at the most popular story of David’s life.
David and Goliath
David and Goliath
The story of David and Goliath is very popular story in the OT because its exciting, its relevant, and it appeals to our affections in rooting for the underdog.
Context
We are introduced to David in where after God rejects Saul as king he sends Samuel to Bethlehem to anoint the next king.
Samuel obeys God and goes to Bethlehem and finds David, the youngest of eight sons whom God had chosen to be king.
David then is given a position in King Saul’s service to play music for him. David played the lyre (looks like a small harp) for Saul in order to keep the evil spirit from tormenting him.
Then in we have the story of David and Goliath
The story of David and Goliath sets a trajectory for Davids life. He would be a man of war who defeats the enemies of God and lead the people of God with love and justice
(though he was not perfect, he was a man after God’s own heart.)
Verse 1-11 - Goliath
Israel and the Philistines are standing on two mountains facing each other with the valley Elah in between them.
Then Goliath steps forward and offers a deal.
He offers to engage in what is called solo warfare, or a battle of champions, where two individuals would fight on behalf of the their army.
This is solo warfare, or a battle of champions
And the winner takes all.... look at 1 sam 17.9
Goliath offers a deal vs.9
If he is able to fight with me and kill me, then we will be your servants. But if I prevail against him and kill him, then you shall be our servants and serve us.”
Victory = Freedom
Defeat = Slavery
Now this deal clearly favored the Philistines because of the type of warrior Goliath was
He stood at roughly 6’8”
“If he is able to fight with me and kill me, then we will be your servants. But if i prevail against him and kill him, then you shall be our servants and serve us.”
Samuel goes into great detail about Goliath’s armor and weaponry
He had a bronze helmet
He had bronze armor on his leges and he had a bronze javelin slung between his shoulders
He had his own shield-bearer
He had a coat of mail that is described as scales
Goliath was not only a fierce warrior, he was evil, he was an enemy of God’s people and an enemy of YHWH himself
Samuel describes Goliath as a serpent, as a dragon with scales. This sort of description is picked up in the book of Revelation when John describes Satan as a dragon seeking to destroy the people of God.
So here stands this battle tested warrior who is like a dragon wanting to destroy God’s people.
He mocks God
He mocks God’s people
And Goliath continued to do this for 40 days
And as he does this he strikes fear into the people of God.
When we think about the application of stories like David and Goliath we often identify ourselves with David
We must be bold and brave to battle the giants in our lives
We must be willing to go against the culture and stand up for whats right
Yet, if we are honest with ourselves we identify far more with Saul and the Israelites.
We become fearful in the face of opposition
We lack confidence in God when it feels like life is impossible
We shrink back when people mock God or mock his Church.
If we are honest, the best application for us is not to be David, but to the people of God who will no be fearful because we have great king who, like David, has and will fight for us.
Saul, who as king should have been the one to fight for the people, was also afraid and would not go and face the giant.
The is a leader who would not lead because he was afraid
And without a leader who was willing to lead according to the word of God, the people had no one to follow
God has called all of us in one way or another to lead.
God has called all of us in one way or another to follow.
May we lead when
In fact, Saul offers a prize for the one who would defeat this dragon of a man
He offers
Riches and glory for the champion
he offers honor to his father
And he offers his own daughter as a bride for the champion.
And he offers his own daughter as a bride for the champion.
David
What the people of God need is a true king. One that would not be afraid to lay down his life for his people. One that would fight on behalf of his people.
And God called David to be that king. Having already been anointed, though has not yet been enthroned, David comes to the battle and is the king the people need.
David had been going back and forth from his house to the battle bringing supplies to his brothers (who were also afraid to go and fight)
As David is with the army he hears Goliath spew his insults and mockery
David begins to ask the soldiers what is to be done about this.
And David said to the men who stood by him, “What shall be done for the man who kills this Philistine and takes away the reproach from Israel? For who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God?”
1 sam 17
Davids older brothers get embarrassed by David’s questions and tell David to stop. Yet he keeps on talking.
Finally king Saul hears that David is willing to fight Goliath and calls David to himself
31 When the words that David spoke were heard, they repeated them before Saul, and he sent for him.
32 And David said to Saul, “Let no man’s heart fail because of him. Your servant will go and fight with this Philistine.”
33 And Saul said to David, “You are not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him, for you are but a youth, and he has been a man of war from his youth.”
34 But David said to Saul, “Your servant used to keep sheep for his father. And when there came a lion, or a bear, and took a lamb from the flock,
35 I went after him and struck him and delivered it out of his mouth. And if he arose against me, I caught him by his beard and struck him and killed him.
36 Your servant has struck down both lions and bears, and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be like one of them, for he has defied the armies of the living God.”
37 And David said, “The Lord who delivered me from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear will deliver me from the hand of this Philistine.” And Saul said to David, “Go, and the Lord be with you!”
1 Sam 17:31-
David tells Saul that YHWH was given him victories lions and bears when they had tried to attack his sheep.
And now he will give him victory over this beast as he tries to attack God’s sheep
I love verse 37 because David directly associates Goliath, this serpent man, as less than human.
After saying in verse 36 that Goliath will be like a lion or a bear, He says ,“The Lord who delivered me from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear will deliver me from the hand (paw) of this Philistine.”
David does not see Goliath as anything other than a beast of the field trying to destroy the people of God.
Saul then offers David his armor, but David rejects the offer and takes his staff, his sling, and five stones in his shepherds pouch to go do battle with Goliath
David goes to war not dressed like a king, but dressed like a shepherd
He does not enter this battle with the pride of wielding a sword with flashy armor, he goes to battle with humility - he is about to battle the serpent man with a stick, a sling, and few stones
The Battle
The stage is set, the champions are ready to fight.
And David assumes the role of the king when he says he’ll fight Goliath
Goliath mocks Saul and the armies of God
Saul and all Israel were greatly afraid (v.11)
12-23 - David
David was the son of Jesse (who was from Bethlehem)
David had seven brothers
The three oldest sons of Jesse had followed Saul to the battle
David was the youngest son
David was a shepherd
Goliath’s taunting had been going on for 40 days
Jesse sent David to the battle with supplies
David hears the words of Goliath
24-30 - David Considers Fighting
All the men of Israel were afraid
There is a promise for the man who kills Goliath v.25
Goliath comes as a warrior
David sees what’s really going on v.26b
David’s older brother rebukes David
31-39 - Saul Talks to David
Saul sends for David
David says he will fight Goliath
David comes as a Shepherd
Saul tells him not to fight for he is just a youth
David assures Saul with examples
David comes with only
David faught a lion
David faught a bear
The winner will be given freedom
David said Goliath will fall like the previous beasts
The living God will hand Goliath over to David
The loser will be enslaved
Saul offers his armor to David
41 And the Philistine moved forward and came near to David, with his shield-bearer in front of him.
42 And when the Philistine looked and saw David, he disdained him, for he was but a youth, ruddy and handsome in appearance.
43 And the Philistine said to David, “Am I a dog, that you come to me with sticks?” And the Philistine cursed David by his gods.
44 The Philistine said to David, “Come to me, and I will give your flesh to the birds of the air and to the beasts of the field.”
45 Then David said to the Philistine, “You come to me with a sword and with a spear and with a javelin, but I come to you in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied.
46 This day the Lord will deliver you into my hand, and I will strike you down and cut off your head. And I will give the dead bodies of the host of the Philistines this day to the birds of the air and to the wild beasts of the earth, that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel,
47 and that all this assembly may know that the Lord saves not with sword and spear. For the battle is the Lord’s, and he will give you into our hand.”
David rejects the armor
This is the king the people needed.
The people had their champion. one who would go before them and fight on their behalf.
48 When the Philistine arose and came and drew near to meet David, David ran quickly toward the battle line to meet the Philistine.
49 And David put his hand in his bag and took out a stone and slung it and struck the Philistine on his forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell on his face to the ground.
50 So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and struck the Philistine and killed him. There was no sword in the hand of David.
51 Then David ran and stood over the Philistine and took his sword and drew it out of its sheath and killed him and cut off his head with it. When the Philistines saw that their champion was dead, they fled.
52 And the men of Israel and Judah rose with a shout and pursued the Philistines as far as Gath and the gates of Ekron, so that the wounded Philistines fell on the way from Shaaraim as far as Gath and Ekron.
53 And the people of Israel came back from chasing the Philistines, and they plundered their camp.
54 And David took the head of the Philistine and brought it to Jerusalem, but he put his armor in his tent.
48 When the Philistine arose and came and drew near to meet David, David ran quickly toward the battle line to meet the Philistine.
49 And David put his hand in his bag and took out a stone and slung it and struck the Philistine on his forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell on his face to the ground.
48 When the Philistine arose and came and drew near to meet David, David ran quickly toward the battle line to meet the Philistine.
49 And David put his hand in his bag and took out a stone and slung it and struck the Philistine on his forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell on his face to the ground.
50 So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and struck the Philistine and killed him. There was no sword in the hand of David.
51 Then David ran and stood over the Philistine and took his sword and drew it out of its sheath and killed him and cut off his head with it. When the Philistines saw that their champion was dead, they fled.
52 And the men of Israel and Judah rose with a shout and pursued the Philistines as far as Gath and the gates of Ekron, so that the wounded Philistines fell on the way from Shaaraim as far as Gath and Ekron.
53 And the people of Israel came back from chasing the Philistines, and they plundered their camp.
54 And David took the head of the Philistine and brought it to Jerusalem, but he put his armor in his tent.
God gave David the victory over Goliath.
He took the enemies own weapon and cut the head of the serpent
God gave freedom to his people
God gave Israel a great king who would fight on their behalf
This was the beginning of David’s long story of how he would become the greatest king Israel ever had.
This is also the beginning of the story of how Jesus would come and be a king like David.
Throughout the rest of the OT after David the people of God are waiting for another King to come, a king who is like David.
And this waiting is what we celebrate during Advent
The King is Coming
The King is Coming
And like the angel told Mary in her vision, Jesus would be given the throne of David. Jesus is the new and greater David. And the story of David and Goliath is a story that echoes the greater King, Jesus.
Like David, Jesus was born in Bethlehem
Like David, Jesus Fights as a solo champion on behalf of his people
David fought Goliath who is a Satan like figure compared to a serpent. So Jesus comes to fight and defeat the serpent from the Garden, Satan
Goliath mocks and temps God’s people for 40 days
Satan temps Jesus for 40 days
David fights and defeats the evil kingdom without sword and spear. JUST AS Jesus fights and defeats the evil kingdom without sword and spear
So Jesus also fights and defeats the evil kingdom without sword and spear
David fights as anointed king though he had not yet taken his throne, JUST AS Jesus came and fought for us as anointed king, though he had not yet taken his throne.
David’s victory secured freedom for Israel JUST AS Jesus victory secured freedom for his people.
David cut off the head of the serpent JUST AS ultimately Jesus crushes the head of the serpent on the cross
David defeats Goliath with his own weapon JUST AS Jesus defeats Satan with his own weapon.
Jesus conquered death by dying
After the victory David was given a bride JUST AS Jesus was given his bride (the Church) after his victory over Satan, sin and death.
After David defeated Goliath he brought his severed head to Jerusalem, the same place that many years later the greatest battle would take place, on Golgotha, the place of the Skull.
And because Jesus was the greater David and fought on behalf of his people he was given the throne of David, and he established the eternal kingdom that has been advancing throughout the centuries.
As we celebrate this Christmas season, lets remember that Jesus was born to rule, he was born to conquer, he was born to slay the greatest giant - Satan, sin and death.
As we celebrate this Christmas season lets remember that Jesus the Jesus we see laying in a manger is now reigning from his throne sitting at the right hand of God.
As we spend time with one another, as we fellowship and eat good food, and drink good wine, and open presents and sing Christmas songs let us remember we eat, drink, and sing together because of what Jesus has done!
He is the great king who has defeated all the enemies and now we invites us into his peace. He invites us into his presence. He invites us to celebrate the the victory of our King.
He is the king of Peace
Where in his presence chaos is controlled and anxieties are calmed
He is the king of Righteousness
where He has brought the guilty sinners to himself and has covered them in his own righteousness
He is the king of Truth
Where in his presence fear, lies, grief and ungodliness fall away and truth reigns from his throne
He is the king of Love
Where he brings people together from all the nations of the world into one family where we will be known, you will be loved, and you will love others as Christ loves you.
He is the king of Joy
Where in his presence fun and laughter, praise and pleasure, find their fullest expression.
And he is the king of Glory
He is the incomparable one. There is nothing that satisfies outside of him. Everything is shifting shadows and allusions apart from his glory. It only in his presence that all your desires will be fulfilled and nothing will be lacking.
My friends, If you don’t know this king. If you have not experienced life in his presence, if you have not tasted and seen that he is good. Now is the day. Come to Christ, repent of your rebellion and submit to the great king who sits on the throne.
David had confidence in the God’s
40-58 - David vs. Goliath
David took his staff and sling and took five stones from the brook (wood, stone, water)
David is physically described v.42
Goliath mocks David
David talks trash to Goliath saying that YHWH will give him into his hands
Goliath and David begin to fight
David slings the stone and it hits Goliath in the forehead and he fell face down on the ground
How does this work?
He gets hit in the forehead yet falls on his face?
מֵ֫צַח means forehead it also means shins
The stone hit Goliath in the shins which is why he fell on his face
The death blow was the cutting off of the head
When the Philistines saw that Goliath had been slayed they ran
Israel pursues them
Israel plunders the camp of the Philistines
David takes the head of Goliath back to Jerusalem and stores his armor in his tent.
55-58 - Victory and Transition
Soul asks Abner about David’s father
Abner finds David and brings him to Saul
Saul asks David about his father
Type
Antitype
David - Jesus (Son of David)
Jesus (Son of David)
David was a Shepherd - Jesus was a Shepherd
Jesus was a Shepherd
David was Anointed King (ABNY) - Jesus was Anointed King (ABNY)
Jesus was Anointed King (ABNY)
David’s brothers doubted David - Jesus’ brothers doubted his ministry
Jesus’ brothers doubted his ministry
Goliath - Satan
Satan
Goliath wore a coat of male (scales (dragon)) - Satan is referred to a dragon 12X in Revelation
Satan is referred to a dragon 12X in Revelation
Goliath dies by a head wound - Satan dies by a head wound (along with other enemies of God)
Satan dies by a head wound (along with other enemies of God)
David Battled Goliath in a one-on-one battle (a battle of champions where the champion fights for the people) - Jesus battles Satan in the wilderness in a battle of champions.
Jesus battles Satan in the wilderness in a battle of champions.
Victory = Freedom Defeat = Slavery
Defeat = Slavery
Victory = Freedom Defeat = Slavery
Defeat = Slavery
Goliath taunted the people of God for 40 days - Jesus and Satan battle for 40 days
Jesus and Satan battle for 40 days
David fights naked (no armor) - Jesus fights naked -
Jesus fights naked -
David defeats Goliath with a sword - Jesus defeats Satan with the Sword of the Spirit -
David defeats Goliath with a sword
Jesus defeats Satan with the Sword of the Spirit -
Goliath died by his own weapon.
Goliath died by his own weapon. - Satan was defeated on the cross where Jesus conquered him by his own weapon (death).
Satan was defeated on the cross where Jesus conquered him by his own weapon (death).
Once Goliath died (their champion, their strongman) The people of God plunder the Philistines tents (homes) - Jesus bound the strong man and now the people of God plunder Satan’s house.
Jesus bound the strong man and now the people of God plunder Satan’s house.
David takes Goliath’s head to Jerusalem - Jesus dies in Jerusalem at Golgotha (the place of the skull)
Jesus dies in Jerusalem at Golgotha (the place of the skull)
David receives his reward: a bride - Jesus receives his reward: a bride
Jesus receives his reward: a bride
There is honor for the father and glory for the son - Honor for the father, glory for the Son
Honor for the father, glory for the Son
The victory emboldens the people of God to fight - The victory of Jesus emboldens his people to fight (resurrection and pentecost)
The victory of Jesus emboldens his people to fight (resurrection and pentecost)
Tree: Shepherd's staff
Water: Brook
Rock: Tomb
Tree: The cross
Water: From his side
Moral:
Indicative to Imperative
Based on the historical and typological understanding of the text we now seek to see how it applies to our lives today.
Biblical Virtue: Love
As David’s victory emboldened the people of God to follow God, so Christ’s victory should embolden me, like the disciples, to follow God.
As David’s victory emboldened the people of God to plunder the strong man’s house, so we should be emboldened to plunder the strong man's house - Bring the gospel to all the nations.
The Israelites feared Goliath more than they feared God. May we not follow in their steps, but may we follow in David's steps who feared God and trusted him no matter what.
Eschatological
Looking at the historical, typological and moral senses of the text we now see how this story will ultimately be realized/reconciled.
It is the already not yet reading of the text.
Biblical Virtue: Hope
As the people of God plundered the Philistines, and as we plunder Satan’s house, one day the house will be completely plundered and all things will be brought to the king.
As David’s victory secured freedom for the people of God, so Jesus’ victory secured our freedom. And we will one day fully experience this freedom that Jesus’ victory purchased for us.
As David defeated Goliath and thus the armies of the Philistines, so Jesus defeated Satan and thus his armies. One day this victory will be fully realized and all the enemies of God will be made his footstool and all evil will be abolished.