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In chapter 31 quoted Dr. R.F.R. Gardner, who argues (on the basis of Genesis 2:7) that the fetus does not receive its supersensuous spiritual life until it breathes (at which time it supposedly becomes a living human being).  In response I would simply say:  Animals breathe, too. Certainly breathing is not the mark of manness of humanity.  It is true that Adam’s breathing was coincident with the moment of his being fully formed.  But is must not be forgotten that Adam’s creation was unique in that it was direct and instantaneous, not the result of conception through sexual intercourse of two parents.

Adoption and the Meaning of Personhood, Clifford E. Bajema, page 36