Humanity: Who Are We?

Introduction

There is very intentional phrase that is used eleven times in Genesis at specific transitional points in the book. It is the phrase, “these are the generations of _____”, and it is meant to be a title that introduces the next section and a link that connects the next section with what just came before it. (footnote of all occurences in Genesis) Another way that you might interpret this phrase is, “here is a fuller development of the story of _____.”

When we get to , we notice that the rhythms, repetitions and patterns of stop. The introductory song is complete, and now we are entering into the story. And the story begins with the phrase that we just mentioned:

“These are the generations of the heavens and the earth when they were created, in the day that the Lord God made the earth and the heavens.” ()

4 These are the generations

This is the title introducing us to the next section which will be a fuller development of the story of the heavens and the earth. It is providing a link between the introductory song about our Creator in and this intimate story about the origins of humanity that begins in . And the scenes in these two chapters are strikingly similar, but the change in tone and focus are obvious. The spotlight has shifted onto humanity now.

of the heavens and the earth when they were created,

The story begins much like the previous chapter. The land is portrayed as an uninhabited wild wasteland covered with water (5-6), but this time it is also portrayed as somewhat awaiting the arrival of humanity. And we must not overlook the fact that even God is referred to in a much more intimate way. In , we were introduced to Elohim (translated ‘God’); in , he is now referred to much more personally as Yahweh Elohim (translated ‘the Lord God’).

As David Atkinson points out:

The story begins much like the previous chapter. The land is portrayed as an uninhabited wild wasteland covered with water, but God brings order and life to what previously formless and void.

“Our focus of interest is no longer the cosmic perspective of the One who made the stars. It is the intimacy of fellowship with the One who calls Man by his name.”

Atkinson, D. (1990). The Message of : The Dawn of Creation. (J. A. Motyer & D. Tidball, Eds.) (p. 54). England: Inter-Varsity Press.

Whereas the primary focus in was God as the Creator of the cosmos, now the focus become more set on humanity here on earth. Who are we and what does it mean to be human? The garden story in gives us an answer:

We are the resident caretakers of the creation made for loving community with one another and trusting obedience towards God.

The spotlight has shifted onto humanity now, and even God is referred to in a much more intimate way. In , we were introduced to Elohim (translated ‘God’); in , he is now referred to as Yahweh Elohim (translated ‘the Lord God’).

The spotlight has shifted onto humanity now, and even God is referred to in a much more intimate way. In , we were introduced to Elohim (translated ‘God’); in , he is now referred to as Yahweh Elohim (translated ‘the Lord God’).

in the day that the Lord God made the earth and the heavens.

As David Atkinson points out:

“Our focus of interest is no longer the cosmic perspective of the One who made the stars. It is the intimacy of fellowship with the One who calls Man by his name.”

The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. (2016). (). Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles.

Our focus of interest is no longer the cosmic perspective of the One who made the stars. It is the intimacy of fellowship with the One who calls Man by his name.

Atkinson, D. (1990). The Message of : The Dawn of Creation. (J. A. Motyer & D. Tidball, Eds.) (p. 54). England: Inter-Varsity Press.

Humanity was created to be the resident caretakers of the creation who were made for loving fellowship with one another and trusting obedience towards God.

Context: explain relationship to chapter 1 (historical reporting vs song) and explain the scene and condition of the land — it’s still portraying order and life from what was previously a wild wasteland covered with water (the word used here for dust “dama” which is a play on “Adam” is not the Hebrew word that means the dry dirt “apar”). But this land is also portrayed as waiting for the man’s arrival. The spotlight of the story is now on man.

We were created with a special relationship with the creation, with one another and with God, and when any of these relationships are missing or become fractured, we lose a significant element of what it means to be human. And so, lets look at each one of these relationships as they are originally portrayed here in the garden story.

Our Relationship with Creation

begins the story of humanity by once again describing God bringing order and life to what was previously formless and void. From out of the watery wasteland described in verses 2:5-6, we read that:

“The Lord God formed the man out of the dirt from the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living creature.” ()

This one verse, with profound simplicity, reveals the common but yet complex nature of human beings in relation to the rest of creation. On the one hand, we are living creatures (footnote about the same Hebrew word being used in 1:20, 24 to describe sea creatures and land creatures) like the other animals that are made up of the common chemicals associated with the natural world (from the ground). (footnote on the Hebrew word play for Adam and ground - adamah) But on the other hand, there is a supernatural element given to humanity that we do not see God giving to any other creature in creation.

The Lord God formed humanity from the mud like a potter forms a lump of clay into a new pot (footnote to see ), and then God breathed into humanity the breath of life. This verse seems to match and complete the general statement made about the creation of humanity in . The Lord God carefully formed humanity in his image and intimately breathed into him his own life and likeness.

While human beings have much in common with other living beings, we are much more than the mere by-product of natural processes and the reigning champions of the survival of the fittest competition. And deep down, we can sense this inner paradox of our own existence.

As G.K. Chesterton puts it:

The same term in Hebrew is used in 1:20, 24 to denote sea and land creatures. While human beings have much in common with other living beings,

“The simplest truth about man is that he is a very strange being; almost in the sense of being a stranger on the earth. In all sobriety, he has much more of the external appearance of one bringing alien habits from another land than of a mere growth of this one.“ (Chesterton)

“The simplest truth about man is that he is a very strange being; almost in the sense of being a stranger on the earth. In all sobriety, he has much more of the external appearance of one bringing alien habits from another land than of a mere growth of this one.“ (Chesterton)

We know that there is something uniquely different about us, and we sense that there is a purpose behind our existence that exceeds the purpose of any other creature. And regardless of our worldview or spiritual beliefs, human beings know that we have the leading role when it comes to taking care of this world. We feel an instinctive responsibility towards the rest of the creation, and the author of Genesis seeks to tell us why.

Combining what we see in and , we read:

“And the Lord God planted a garden in Eden, in the east, and there he put humanity whom he had formed… to work it and to keep it… And God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue it, and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over every living thing that moves on the land.””

Human beings are the resident caretakers of God’s entire creation. Like a tenant that you place in your own home to take care of the place on your behalf, we have been entrusted with the role and responsibility of cultivating and preserving the resources of God’s own creation. We are not permitted to exploit the earth or its creatures in order to satisfy our own greed or selfishness; we must take care of the place with the same sense of concern and care that God has as the owner of the creation.

As the psalms tell us:

“The earth is the LORD's… but the earth he has given to man.” (, )

but the earth he has given to the children of man.

(, )

To understand who we are, we must understand our relationship with the creation. We are created creatures made from the same natural chemicals common to all creatures. Therefore, we must not exalt ourselves to the level of gods. But we are complex creatures carefully formed by our Creator in his image and intimately given his supernatural life and likeness. Therefore, we must not reduce ourselves to mere animals.

God has delegated His creation to human beings granting us the priviledged position of cooperating with Him to preserve and develop its resources for the common good of the entire creation. We are to rule over every living thing on the earth, but are not permitted to exploit the earth or its creatures in order to satisfy human greed and excessive living.

As respresentatives of God made “in the image of God” () there is an expectation on us to use the earth wisely and govern it with the same sense of responsibility and care that God has for His created world. While we ought to never elevate the creation to the point of reverance and worship, it is our duty to respect the creation enough to exercise responsible stewardship with it. God has delegated His creation to human beings granting us the priviledged position of cooperating with Him to preserve and develop its resources for the common good of the entire creation. We are to rule over every living thing on the earth, but are not permitted to exploit the earth or its creatures in order to satisfy human greed and excessive living.

FCF: misunderstanding of rule and dominion (too elevated view of humanity) / borderline worship of the creation and reducing humanity to be of equal status with certain aspects of the creation (too high a view of creation)

We are the resident caretakers of the creation. To be truly human means that we should be bothered by disorder and destruction in this world, and that we ought to never feel at home in a world full of chaos and corruption. We exhibit our truest humanity whenever we “confront the formless and disordered places of our world, and of our lives, and make them places of beauty and goodness.”

Tenancy and authority towards the creation

Example of a resident caretaker of your own home. Realization that they don’t own the home but a felt responsibility to take care of it.

We should be against disorder and destruction to the creation. Tenancy and authority towards the creation

* (Humility) We are creatures created. We are like the lump of clay in a Potter’s hand. We are not fellow potters. We need to be careful of viewing ourselves as a superior species that has won the survival of the fittest fight. Yes, we are the superior of all creatures but we are creatures nevertheless. Our superior status was a gift not something we won.

confront the formless and disordered places of our world, and of our lives, and make them places of beauty and goodness.

Atkinson, D. (1990). The Message of : The Dawn of Creation. (J. A. Motyer & D. Tidball, Eds.) (p. 62). England: Inter-Varsity Press.

Our Relationship with One Another

The next thing that we learn about what it means to be a human being is summed up in the phrase, “It is not good that the man should be alone” (2:18). This is a foundational truth for what it means to be truly human. We are creatures made to experience fellowship with one another. And therefore, an existence separated from fellowship with other human beings is a sub-human existence.

Atkinson writes:

“Aloneness is not part of God’s creation intention. Marriage, as we shall see, is one way in which personal communion with another person may be enjoyed, but as the life of our Lord himself illustrates, it is not the only way.”

Atkinson, D. (1990). The Message of : The Dawn of Creation. (J. A. Motyer & D. Tidball, Eds.) (p. 73). England: Inter-Varsity Press.

Despite the many good things that have come out of the Enlightenment period, one of the more devastating consequences of that philosophy is the hyper-individualistic way of viewing and thinking about life in this world. The emphasis on the individual as the center of the universe has led to a sense of isolation and loneliness for much of modern society.

A human is a creature made to experience fellowship with other humans, and it is actually this kind of fellowship with other humans that brings out the different elements of our own humanity. In his book, The Four Loves, C.S. Lewis describes this well when talking about what happened among his friends after one of them passed away. He writes:

“In each of my friends there is something that only some other friend can fully bring out. By myself I am not large enough to call the whole man into activity; I want other lights than my own to show all his facets. Now that Charles is dead, I shall never again see Ronald’s reaction to a specifically Charles joke. Far from having more of Ronald, having him “to myself” now that Charles is away, I have less of Ronald.”

Human beings are made for fellowship, and so whether in marriage or family or friendships or community, we must embrace the foundational truth that it is not good for man to be alone.

Unfortunately, the church as a whole has not done a great job filling that void. We must do a better job providing the fellowship needed for those who are not married, or for those who are no longer married, or for those who are struggling in their marriage.

Here in , we see God fulfilling this need through a marriage.

“I will make him a helper fit for him… So the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and while he slept took one of his ribs and closed up its place with flesh. And the rib that the Lord God had taken from the man he made into a woman and brought her to the man… Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and they shall become one flesh.”

God created a companion like the man but not like the man who would be able to compliment the man and supply something that he lacked in himself. The woman was not created as an inferior made to serve the superior; she was the perfect match made of the same substance and made in the image of God.

As Matthew Henry once expressed:

“[The woman was] not made out of his head to top him, not out of his feet to be trampled upon by him, but out of his side to be equal with him, under his arm to be protected, and near his heart to be beloved.”

So the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and while he slept took one of his ribs and closed up its place with flesh.

Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and they shall become one flesh.

‘Not made out of his head to top him, not out of his feet to be trampled upon by him, but out of his side to be equal with him, under his arm to be protected, and near his heart to be beloved.

The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. (2016). (). Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles.The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. (2016). (). Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles.

22 And the rib that the Lord God had taken from the man he made into a woman and brought her to the man.

Wenham, G. J. (1994). Genesis. In D. A. Carson, R. T. France, J. A. Motyer, & G. J. Wenham (Eds.), New Bible commentary: 21st century edition (4th ed., p. 62). Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press.

The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. (2016). (). Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles.

While there is so much more to be said on the institution of marriage here in , it is enough for our current argument to simply say that we are made for loving fellowship with other human beings. To be truly human means that we will not be comfortable with isolation which is why solitary confinement is a form of punishment in human society. We exhibit our truest humanity when we seek out and enjoy mutual loving relationships with other human beings.

(Footnote: As it pertains to marriage, we must not overlook the fact that God created only one woman for the man and not several women or another man. We can fill our need for fellowship with other human beings through friendships between the sexes and among the same sex, but we cannot pursue the marriage union or the sexual acts that belong to that union through multiple partners or homosexual practice.)

Our Relationship with God

And now the last element of our humanity that we will look at from the garden story of , is the fact that we were made to experience a relationship of trusting obedience towards God. As the specially formed creatures made in the image of God and given his life and likeness, we are created to reflect the goodness of God; we were not created with the autonomy to define good and evil for ourselves.

Our post-Enlightenment minds may tell us that there are no absolutes and that what is true for you doesn’t have to be true for me. However, deep within the essence of our being, there is an instinctive awareness of something that we can call good which exists beyond us and beyond the decisions that we make. We do not have the autonomy to recreate or redefine what is right and what is wrong, and the garden story gets at the heart of this.

In these first two chapters of Genesis, we see God create a world full of beauty and order and perfectly designed for humanity to flourish and enjoy, and then he gives humanity the keys to the creation as his special representatives and the resident caretakers of his world and tells them to enjoy it and cultivate it for good. God gives humanity incredible freedom, and it’s a freedom thats limits are defined by only one restriction — humanity must not try to be God.

In , we see God giving the one boundary that humans must never cross:

“And out of the ground the Lord God made to spring up every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food. The tree of life was in the midst of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil… And the Lord God commanded the man, saying, “You may surely eat of every tree of the garden, but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die.”

And the Lord God commanded the man, saying, “You may surely eat of every tree of the garden,

God gave this one command in the context of his care and provision for human beings. “It is not a harsh restriction, but rather a symbol of the fact that crossing the God-given limits diminishes rather than enhances human well-being.” Whether we like it or not, human beings have been created to find fulfillment through a relationship of trusting obedience towards their Sovereign Creator.

17 but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die.”

The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. (2016). (). Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles.

It is not a harsh restriction, but rather a symbol of the fact that crossing the God-given limits diminishes rather than enhances human well-being.

Atkinson, D. (1990). The Message of : The Dawn of Creation. (J. A. Motyer & D. Tidball, Eds.) (p. 65). England: Inter-Varsity Press.

To try and live as a human being outside of a trusting relationship with the Lord God is to live a sub-human life that is always looking for and asking, “What is truth?” Humans were made for God’s presence, and that is why they instinctively sense his absence.

As the apostle Paul says that those who have set their minds solely on themselves are dead, but those who set their minds

We exhibit our truest humanity when we live according to God’s definition of good and evil, and when we learn to trust him even when we do not fully understand why we should.

At our creation, we see the Lord God breathe into us the breath of life; but then at our recreation, we see Jesus breathing on his first followers the Holy Spirit that brings a new life (footnote see ). At our creation, we see the Lord God presenting the woman to the man like a loving Father giving his daughter in marriage; but then at the final restoration, we will see God presenting his people (the church) to the New Man, Jesus, as his beautifully adorned bride ().

To be a human being is so much more than to be a mammal who has won incredible mental capacities through a random selection of natural processes. Our closest ancient ancestor is not a gorilla but a gardener. Human beings will only find fulfillment by growing in a relationship with their Creator and caring for his “garden” according to his word.

We The alienation between human beings and their Creator, t

Who are we?

We are the resident caretakers of the creation who were made for loving fellowship with one another and trusting obedience towards God. And if any of these relationships are missing or have become fractured, we are failing to live life like it was meant to be lived and we lose a significant element of what it means to be human.

Trusting obedience towards God

* Note: the change in God’s name from God to Lord (personal)

* God in chapter 1; the Lord God in chapter 2

* “, where Jesus bestows the Holy Spirit as the animating breath of the new creation, the church. Even at our making, then, the pattern ‘God so loved … that he gave …’ is already visible.“ (Kidner)

God presenting the woman to man like a Father giving his daughter in marriage; God presenting the church to Jesus in the same way. Begins and ends with a wedding ceremony.

* Relationship to God

Our closest ancestor was not a gorilla; he was a gardener.

“We are made in the image of someone who is not just a me but an us, and therefore we will not be our true selves until we are not just a me but also an us.” (Keller)