Tremendous Grace in 6 Hours of Agony
Jesus Refusal of Wine and Myrrh Mark 15:23&36
Crucifixion was the cruelest means of execution
Medical Hypotheses
The medical cause of death by crucifixion is disputed. Death may have come from asphyxiation, as hanging with one’s arms stretched out to the sides would make breathing labored, forcing death when the victim grew tired (e.g., Halperin, “Crucifixion”). Zias, however, maintains that only victims with hands bound or nailed directly overhead (affixed to a stake only, with no crossbeam) would be susceptible to asphyxiation. Alternate suggestions as to the cause of death in crucifixion include hypovolemic shock, heart failure, and dehydration (Maslen and Mitchell, “Medical Theories”). Maslen and Mitchell conclude: “It is quite likely that different individuals died from different physiological causes,” depending on how they were affixed to the cross (Maslen and Mitchell, “Medical Theories”).