The Man Who Would Be King.
Herod’s Story
Herod Antipas (ca.. 21 B.C.—A.D. 39), son of Herod the Great and his Samaritan wife Malthace, tetrarch of Galilee and Perea during the life of Jesus. He founded Tiberias as his capital city, in honor of the emperor who had bestowed on him the dynastic title Herod, by which he is designated in the New Testament. He became enamored of his niece Herodias, wife of his half-brother Herod II (called “Philip” in the New Testament), and married her, renouncing his first wife, daughter of the Nabatean king Aretas IV. This offended the Jews, and John the Baptist publicly renounced Antipas, who ordered his imprisonment (Matt. 14:3–5 par.); subsequently Antipas was manipulated into presenting the head of John as a favor to Herodias’ daughter Salome (vv. 6–11 par.).
Antipas, who viewed Jesus as a successor to the troublesome Baptist (Matt. 14:1–2 par.), may have considered a plot against him (Luke 13:31–33). Later, Pontius Pilate sent Jesus as a Galilean to Antipas for judgment, but the tetrarch returned him to Pilate for condemnation (23:7–12).
In A.D. 36 Aretas retaliated for the earlier humiliation of his daughter, defeating Antipas’ forces in a border skirmish. Tiberius dispatched Roman troops, but upon the emperor’s death the mission was abandoned. The successor, Caligula, installed Herodias’ brother Agrippa I as king over the territory of Philip, another son of Herod the Great (cf. Luke 3:1). The jealous Herodias convinced Antipas to seek similar treatment at Rome, but Agrippa accused him of being in league with the Parthians. For this Antipas, accompanied by Herodias, was exiled to Lyons in Gaul.