Inward Strengthening
1. God
It contains two central petitions (vv. 16–17a, 17b–19a) together with a climactic summarizing request that the readers might be filled with all the fulness of God (v. 19b). The first petition (vv. 16–17a) is for inner strengthening through God’s Spirit. This request consists of two parallel infinitival clauses in which the second elaborates or explains the meaning of the first: to be strengthened by the Spirit in the inner being (v. 16b) corresponds to Christ’s dwelling in their hearts by faith (v. 17a). The second petition (vv. 17b–19a), which builds upon the first, is essentially a prayer for knowledge of (1) the four dimensions (v. 18b), and (2) the love of Christ (v.19a). Finally, v.19b concludes Paul’s intercessory prayer: it has been viewed as the third and climactic request, or the summarizing request in which the contents of the two preceding petitions are realized. The apostle desires that they might ‘be filled up to all the fulness of God’.
Paul desires that, as his readers are strengthened by God’s Spirit and indwelt by Christ so that they are rooted and grounded in love, ‘they might be empowered to grasp with all the saints what is the breadth and length and depth and height, and to know the love of Christ which surpasses knowledge’.
Rather, to speak of Christ’s love as surpassing knowledge means that it is so great that one can never know it fully. We can never plumb its depths or comprehend its magnitude. No matter how much we know of the love of Christ, how fully we enter into his love for us, there is always more to know and experience.179 And the implication, in the light of the following words, is that we cannot be as spiritually mature as we should be unless we are empowered by God to ‘grasp the limitless dimensions of the love of Christ’.180
They are to become what they already are. Divine enabling is essential for them (3:19) in the midst of the tension as they live between the two ages,184 and being filled by the Spirit is an important means in the process (5:18). When the apostle desires that his readers may be strengthened through the Spirit and experience the effects of Christ’s indwelling so that they may be filled to the measure of all the fullness of God, he is praying that they may ‘be all that God wants them to be’, that is, spiritually mature. Since God himself, Christ himself, is the standard, then this means being perfect as he is perfect, being holy as he is holy.185