Sermon Tone Analysis
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The Atonement
Defined:
“the act by which God and man are brought together in personal relationship.
The term is derived from Anglo-Saxon words meaning ‘making at one,’ hence ‘at-one-ment.’
It presupposes a separation or alienation that needs to be overcome if human beings are to know God and have fellowship with him.”
- Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible
- Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible
“The word atonement, constructed from at and one, means ‘to set at one’ or ‘to reconcile.’
In Christian Theology, atonement denotes the doctrine of the reconciliation of God and man accomplished by the Crucifixion and death of Jesus Christ.” - Evangelical Dictionary of Theology
- Evangelical Dictionary of Theology
A Sample of Scripture pointing to Christ’s work and the Atonement:
-53.12
Jesus came to give his life as a ransom
Jesus is the Lamb of God
Jesus spoke of the temple’s destruction
The Son of Man must be lifted up.
Jesus is the Good Shepherd who lays down his life for the sheep.
Jesus died for all and became sin that we might become the righteousness of God.
, Jesus became a curse for us.
At the cross, God provided redemption for the adoption
2.1 Need for a sacrifice?
3) Historical Theories on the Atonement[2]:
Ransom Theory –
A commercial transaction took place in which Jesus’ death was the price paid to ransom the human race from its bondage to sin.
&
Advocates: Origen (184-254) and Gregory of Nyssa (335-94).
Christus Victor –
The death of Jesus was the ultimate expression of cosmic conflict, in which Christ conquered the forces of sin and Satan forever.
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Advocate: Gustav Aulén (1879-1977) in Christus Victor
Satisfaction Theory –
The death of Jesus on the cross satisfied the wounded honor and majesty of God.
Advocate: Anselm (1033-1109) in Cur Deus Homo?
Moral Influence Theory –
Jesus’ death on the cross so reveals God’s love that it acts as inspiration providing a revival of moral fortitude in man.
Advocates: Peter Abelard (1079-1142) and Horace Bushnell (1802-1876)
Example Theory –
The death of Jesus on the cross was the most compelling example imaginable and draws all men to act as Jesus acted in response to the open forgiveness of God.
Advocate: Socinus (1525-1562)
Governmental Theory –
The death of Jesus on the cross was an offering to God necessary not to forgive sin but to restore the moral order of the universe.
Advocate: Hugo Grotius (1583-1645)
Penal Substitutionary Atonement –
The death of Jesus was a sacrificial death offered as a propitiation to God in His wrath against sin and as our substitute.
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John Calvin (1509-1564)
Basic Themes of the Atonement-
Sacrifice
Propitiation
Substitution
Reconciliation
Motives for the Atonement
[1] Provided by a slide show from Dr. Adam Harwood, Systematic Theology II
[2] Ibid.
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