School of Ministry: The Atonement
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Order of Salvation
Order of Salvation
Soteriology : Doctrine of Salvation
Atonement : To cover, or to expiate ( to extinguish the guilt incurred by) , condone
To purge, to purge away
Merriam-Webster, I. (2003). Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary. (Eleventh ed.). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc. , condone
To reconcile
To answer or make satisfaction for , to expiate.
To appease, which is to make quite :to allay:to satisfy, pacify, especially by giving in to the demands of someone to appease wrath.
to make amends
At-one; agreement: concord; reconciliation after enmity or controversy.
The person of Christ is who He is , the Work of Christ is what He did
34 Jesus said to them, “My food is to do the will of him who sent me and to accomplish his work.
john
17 But Jesus answered them, “My Father is working until now, and I am working.”
4 I glorified you on earth, having accomplished the work that you gave me to do.
John
The Necessity of the Atonement
The Holiness of God
Holiness describes God’s inner character, His very essence.
Because God is absolutely Holy, He can expect no less than holiness in His creatures
15 but as he who called you is holy, you also be holy in all your conduct,
14 Righteousness and justice are the foundation of your throne; steadfast love and faithfulness go before you.
17 For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith for faith, as it is written, “The righteous shall live by faith.”
The Divine Law
When God created angelic and human beings with free will, it necessitated that they all live within the boundaries of God’s will. Thus God gave divine law as a standard of righteousness for all to follow.
Without law there would be no order, just chaos.
17 but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die.”
4 Everyone who makes a practice of sinning also practices lawlessness; sin is lawlessness.
The Sinfulness of Man
Man fell into a state of sinfulness becoming depraved in spirit, soul, and body. Sin made man lawless a rebel at heart totally separated from God. Creating a gulf between man and God. Man isn't a sinner because He sins, he sins because hes a sinner.
23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,
The Wrath of God
What happens when the Holiness of God comes into conflict with the sinfulness of Man?
Divine wrath is manifested
15 For the law brings wrath, but where there is no law there is no transgression.
36 Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life; whoever does not obey the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God remains on him.
18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth.
Man broke God’s holy law, violating the principles of righteousness by his willful disobedience. This brought man under the power of sin and made his conscience laden with guilt. With the violation of the divine law also came the divine penalty of death. Sin provoked God’s wrath which then needed to be appeased. The law demanded a satisfaction and it could only be satisfied when it’s standard of holiness is upheld. Not until the death penalty had been executed upon sin could the law be satisfied. God’s holiness and righteousness upheld and God’s wrath be appeased. Sin had to be purged before there could be reconciliation between God and man.
It is important that we understand that the death of Christ is an absolutely unique death. All the combined deaths of mankind cannot be compared to the death of Christ.
His death was an atoning death. It is the only death by which redemption is possible
His death was an atoning death
The entire structure of Christianity is founded upon this death.
Many will accept Christ as a leader an example as a prophet or as a teacher. those things that He modeled and set forth in His life. But the reject His atoning death as priest and sacrifice for sin.
But its not His ethics , His teaching but in His death which saves man.
Recapitulation Theory
Ransom to Satan Theory
Satisfaction Theory
Moral Example Theory
Penal Substitution Theory
The Death of Christ was part of God’s Eternal Purpose.
8 and all who dwell on earth will worship it, everyone whose name has not been written before the foundation of the world in the book of life of the Lamb who was slain.
The Death of Christ was foretold under the Law, Psalms and Prophets.
27 And beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, he interpreted to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning himself.
The Death of Christ was the chief purpose of the Incarnation
45 For even the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.”
5 You know that he appeared in order to take away sins, and in him there is no sin.
The Death of Christ is the major Theme of the Gospel of Grace
1 Now I would remind you, brothers, of the gospel I preached to you, which you received, in which you stand,
2 and by which you are being saved, if you hold fast to the word I preached to you—unless you believed in vain.
3 For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures,
4 that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures,
The Death of Christ is the prominent in NT writings.
2 For I decided to know nothing among you except Jesus Christ and him crucified.
6 For while we were still weak, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly.
The Death of Christ is the burden of the OT
30 And behold, two men were talking with him, Moses and Elijah,
31 who appeared in glory and spoke of his departure, which he was about to accomplish at Jerusalem.
The Death of Christ is essential to our Salvation
18 For Christ also suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh but made alive in the spirit,
14 And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of Man be lifted up,
15 that whoever believes in him may have eternal life.
The Death of Christ was a Voluntary Act
17 For this reason the Father loves me, because I lay down my life that I may take it up again.
18 No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take it up again. This charge I have received from my Father.”
The Death of Christ was an Atoning Sacrifice
A Redemption
14 who gave himself for us to redeem us from all lawlessness and to purify for himself a people for his own possession who are zealous for good works.
Ti
A Ransom
28 even as the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.”
A Ransom
A Substitution
5 and hope does not put us to shame, because God’s love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit who has been given to us.
6 For while we were still weak, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly.
6 For while we were still weak, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly.
7 For one will scarcely die for a righteous person—though perhaps for a good person one would dare even to die—
8 but God shows his love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.
Hohn 3 14
9 Since, therefore, we have now been justified by his blood, much more shall we be saved by him from the wrath of God.
10 For if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, now that we are reconciled, shall we be saved by his life.
A Reconciliation
18 All this is from God, who through Christ reconciled us to himself and gave us the ministry of reconciliation;
A Propitiation
25 whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith. This was to show God’s righteousness, because in his divine forbearance he had passed over former sins.
Rom
26 It was to show his righteousness at the present time, so that he might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus.
1 My little children, I am writing these things to you so that you may not sin. But if anyone does sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous.
2 He is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the sins of the whole world.
An Atonement
16 Thus he shall make atonement for the Holy Place, because of the uncleannesses of the people of Israel and because of their transgressions, all their sins. And so he shall do for the tent of meeting, which dwells with them in the midst of their uncleannesses.
17 No one may be in the tent of meeting from the time he enters to make atonement in the Holy Place until he comes out and has made atonement for himself and for his house and for all the assembly of Israel.
18 Then he shall go out to the altar that is before the Lord and make atonement for it, and shall take some of the blood of the bull and some of the blood of the goat, and put it on the horns of the altar all around.
19 And he shall sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it and consecrate it from the uncleannesses of the people of Israel.
Lev
20 “And when he has made an end of atoning for the Holy Place and the tent of meeting and the altar, he shall present the live goat.
The Death of Christ was a necessary Penalty for Sin
4 Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted.
6 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned—every one—to his own way; and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all.
It satisfied the Justice of God
The Death of Christ was a Manifestation of Divine Love
16 “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.
16 By this we know love, that he laid down his life for us, and we ought to lay down our lives for the brothers.
10 Steadfast love and faithfulness meet; righteousness and peace kiss each other.
The Death of Christ was for the Whole World
29 The next day he saw Jesus coming toward him, and said, “Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!
5 for if someone does not know how to manage his own household, how will he care for God’s church?
1
The Death of Christ was Incomparable to all other Deaths.
Because of the Uniqueness of Christ’s Death it makes His death incomparable with all the deaths of mankind.
All others died for their own sins Jesus alone died for the sins of others. His death was attended by supernatural signs No other man has had signs at His death as Jesus did.
51 And behold, the curtain of the temple was torn in two, from top to bottom. And the earth shook, and the rocks were split.
52 The tombs also were opened. And many bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep were raised,
53 and coming out of the tombs after his resurrection they went into the holy city and appeared to many.
The Death of Christ is of Infinite and Eternal Value
The Death of Christ was an Accomplishment not an Accident
31 who appeared in glory and spoke of his departure, which he was about to accomplish at Jerusalem.
50 I have a baptism to be baptized with, and how great is my distress until it is accomplished!
21 From that time Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and on the third day be raised.
31 And taking the twelve, he said to them, “See, we are going up to Jerusalem, and everything that is written about the Son of Man by the prophets will be accomplished.
The Death of Christ was a Conquest of Satan's Kingdom
14 by canceling the record of debt that stood against us with its legal demands. This he set aside, nailing it to the cross.
37 For I tell you that this Scripture must be fulfilled in me: ‘And he was numbered with the transgressors.’ For what is written about me has its fulfillment.”
15 He disarmed the rulers and authorities and put them to open shame, by triumphing over them in him.
16 Therefore let no one pass judgment on you in questions of food and drink, or with regard to a festival or a new moon or a Sabbath.
The Death of Christ was Complete and Finial
12 But when Christ had offered for all time a single sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God,
Heb