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3:15 Jesus’ somewhat ambiguous reply seems to acknowledge the force of John’s logic but nevertheless requests baptism for different reasons. Jesus has not come to confess any sin but “to fulfill all righteousness.” He has previously fulfilled specific prophecies as well as more general scriptural themes. Now he wishes to obey all the moral demands of God’s will. “To fulfill all righteousness” means to complete everything that forms part of a relationship of obedience to God. In so doing, Jesus identifies with and endorses John’s ministry as divinely ordained and his message as one to be heeded.
Another unique feature of Matthew is his account of the Father’s endorsement of the Son (3:17). Here Matthew couches the Father’s words in the third person (“this is my son … with him I am pleased”), instead of the second person (“you are my son … with you I am pleased”). As frequently noted by interpreters, this has the effect of making the endorsement more public in Matthew, though Matthew may intend the endorsement to be only for John’s benefit. Also this form of the endorsement brings it into conformity with the Father’s words at the transfiguration (17:5). Perhaps the third person language is also intended to confront Matthew’s audience more directly with the truth of Jesus’ sonship.
The fulfillment of Old Testament covenantal promises to the nation and to the king is found in Jesus, who recapitulated Israel’s history as he sojourned in Egypt and passed through the waters before being tested in the wilderness. Additionally, it is possible that the emphasis on Jesus as the Father’s beloved son is intended to recall Isaac’s relationship to Abraham (Gen 22:2). More likely are the creation overtones found in the dove-like Spirit, who descends upon Jesus in a manner that calls Genesis 1:2 to mind. Thus, in Jesus God has begun nothing less than the renewal of all of creation (cf. 19:28). It remains for the rest of Matthew’s narrative to develop the distinctive understanding of Jesus and the new people of God that has been begun here.
has an important role in the Gospel narrative. Gardner (1991:68) is correct in pointing out that two main purposes are served by the story of John and Jesus’ baptism. This account provides the basis for the transition between John and Jesus, and it attests Jesus’ unique identity as the Servant-Son of God. John as the forerunner now passes from center stage so that the spotlight may shine on Jesus. While John will appear again in the story, there can be no doubt about his subservience to Jesus in redemptive history. Jesus will proclaim the same message as John (3:2; 4:17) and eventually suffer a similar fate as John’s (17:12), but John’s great redemptive historical significance pales in comparison with that of Jesus
The need for Jesus to be baptized, and thereby to serve as our representative and model, was not optional for him. It was important to the fulfillment of his mission on earth, in identifying with the “righteous remnant” of Israel. He said it was a necessary step in order to fulfill all righteousness (3:15). So Jesus’ baptism was unique. It was not a “baptism of repentance” (as John’s was) nor was it a “Christian baptism” (as ours is today). But it was an identifying step of obedience at the beginning of Jesus’ public ministry. Jesus would not have been fully obedient if he had bypassed this step that seemed to John to be unnecessary for the Holy One (3:14).
This scene is something like a family reunion—all three members of the Trinity manifesting their presence in such a way that bystanders could see or hear them. This was a testimony to human witnesses about the identity of Jesus, the Messiah. It serves as one of hundreds of exhibits in Matthew’s Gospel for Jesus as the Messiah.
HIGH PRIEST (Heb. hākkōhēn hāggādōl “the great priest,” hākkōhēn hāmmāšiaḥ “the anointed priest”).† The Old Testament mediator between Yahweh and the people of Israel who, in addition to performing sacrifices and rituals like other priests, acted to expiate the sins of the nation on the annual Day of Atonement. He is alternately called the chief priest (Heb. kōhēn hār˒ōš; e.g., 2 Kgs. 25:18 par. Jer. 52:24; 2 Chr. 19:11).
The high priest descended from Eleazar, the son of Aaron. The office was normally hereditary and was conferred upon an individual for life (Num. 25:10–13). The candidate was consecrated in a seven-day ceremony which included investiture with the special clothing of his office as well as anointments and sacrifices (Exod. 29:1–37; Lev. 8:5–35).
The high priest was bound to a higher degree of ritual purity than ordinary levitical priests. He could have no contact with dead bodies, including those of his parents. Nor could he rend his clothing or allow his hair to grow out as signs of mourning. He could not marry a widow, divorced woman, or harlot, but only an Israelite virgin (Lev. 21:10–15). Any sin committed by the high priest brought guilt upon the entire nation and had to be countered by special sacrifice (4:1–12). Upon a high priest’s death manslayers were released from the cities of refuge (Num. 35:25, 28, 32).
Additional Proof
What Did Circumcision Do?
The Meaning of “Election” in the Old Testament
The Covenant Community
Now, the issue, again, what I’m hoping you are seeing, is that membership in the elect community of God—the church in our day and age, not Israel—membership in this community, this special community that we call the church, should both foster and sustain faith. This is where the truth is taught, this is where you are going to be encouraged to believe, this is where you’re going to be encouraged to live the Christian life. These were God’s goals also for Israel. Israel was the people of God as well. And so when people entered the community, this was the hope. “Here’s where you’re going to learn who Yahweh is, who the true God is, how He wants us to live because He wants to save us, He wants to save us. How do we know that? Because He entered into a covenant relationship with us. He decided, ‘You alone of all the people on the earth are going to get the truth. You need to believe it, but this is where you come for it, and you enter the community by circumcision.’ ”