Sin & Jesus
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SIN
SIN
This morning, we’re going to talk about sin and Jesus.
SIN
SIN
23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,
Bible Project - Sin Video
Sin simply means to miss the mark, or fall short of a goal.
Sin simply means to miss the mark, or fall short of a goal.
Video
Hebrew: Khata | Greek: Hamartia
‘Sin’ in Greek - Hamartia
Video
Sin is a failure to love God and love others by not treating them with the honor they deserve.
Sin is about more than just doing bad things; it describes how we easily deceive ourselves and spin illusions to redefine our bad decisions and our good ones.
The first appearance of the word ‘sin’ is in the story of Cain and Abel .
Failed human behavior, our tendency toward self-deception, runs deep. It’s rooted in our desires and selfish urges that compels us to act for our own benefit at the expense of others.
In the New Testament, the apostle Paul describes sin (Hamartia) as a power or force that rules humans. “We are slaves to sin”
Summary of Sin:
Summary of Sin:
1. It’s a failure to be humans who fully love God and other
2. Our inability to judge whether we’re succeeding or failing
3. Deep selfish impulse that drives lots of our behavior
6 For we know that our old self was crucified with him so that the body ruled by sin might be done away with, that we should no longer be slaves to sin—
Deep selfish impulse that drives lots of our behavior
Romans :
15 I do not understand what I do. For what I want to do I do not do, but what I hate I do. 16 And if I do what I do not want to do, I agree that the law is good.
Original Sin
Original Sin
Death is the consequence of sin (Romans 5:12-19)
Death originated in the human race because of Adam’s sin. Death is universal and the cause of this is the universal sin of humankind.
12 Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, and in this way death came to all people, because all sinned—
13 To be sure, sin was in the world before the law was given, but sin is not charged against anyone’s account where there is no law. 14 Nevertheless, death reigned from the time of Adam to the time of Moses, even over those who did not sin by breaking a command, as did Adam, who is a pattern of the one to come.
15 But the gift is not like the trespass. For if the many died by the trespass of the one man, how much more did God’s grace and the gift that came by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, overflow to the many! 16 Nor can the gift of God be compared with the result of one man’s sin: The judgment followed one sin and brought condemnation, but the gift followed many trespasses and brought justification. 17 For if, by the trespass of the one man, death reigned through that one man, how much more will those who receive God’s abundant provision of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one man, Jesus Christ!
18 Consequently, just as one trespass resulted in condemnation for all people, so also one righteous act resulted in justification and life for all people. 19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the one man the many will be made righteous.
Pay attention to verse 12; Paul is saying that death originated in the human race because of Adam’s sin. He’s also saying that death is universal and the cause of this is the universal sin of humankind.
JESUS
JESUS
Jesus is such good news! He did not sin, but still took responsibility for humanities history of failure. He lived for others, died for their sins, and raised from the dead to offer us the gift of his life that covers for their failures. He is the second person of the trinity.
The word “Christology” comes from two Greek words meaning “Christ / Messiah” and “word” - which combine to mean the “study of Christ”. It’s the study of the Person and work of Jesus Christ.
C&MA Statement of Faith - https://www.cmalliance.org/about/beliefs/doctrine
Jesus Christ is the true God and the true man. He was conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of the virgin Mary. He died upon the cross, the Just for the unjust, as a substitutionary sacrifice, and all who believe in Him are justified on the ground of His shed blood. He arose from the dead according to the Scriptures. He is now at the right hand of Majesty on high as our great High Priest. He will come again to establish His kingdom, righteousness and peace.
22 “He committed no sin,
and no deceit was found in his mouth.”
23 When they hurled their insults at him, he did not retaliate; when he suffered, he made no threats. Instead, he entrusted himself to him who judges justly. 24 “He himself bore our sins” in his body on the cross, so that we might die to sins and live for righteousness; “by his wounds you have been healed.”
Jesus - Christ | Messiah
Jesus’ Deity
Jesus’ Deity
Did Jesus every claim to be God?
- Get in groups of 3 or 4 and try to find....
Jesus never said the words “I am God”. He did make statements, though, that can’t be interpreted any other way than Jesus being god.
58 “Very truly I tell you,” Jesus answered, “before Abraham was born, I am!”
John identifies the Word being with God, and that the Word was divine.
2 books that are helpful in reading about Jesus’ divinity: The Gospel of John and Hebrews .
John
58 “Very truly I tell you,” Jesus answered, “before Abraham was born, I am!”
John identifies the Word being with God, and that the Word was divine.
1 In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, 2 but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed heir of all things, and through whom also he made the universe. 3 The Son is the radiance of God’s glory and the exact representation of his being, sustaining all things by his powerful word. After he had provided purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty in heaven.
Hebrews
John identifies the Word being with God, and that the Word was divine.
The Evidence of His Resurrection
The proclamation of the resurrection in Jerusalem so soon after Jesus’ death is very significant. Within the earliest Christian community there must have been a reliable testimony to the empty tomb.
“There is no claim at all that Jesus’ grave was not empty”
Why the Deity of Christ is Important
We can have real knowledge of God.
Redemption is available to us
God and humankind have been reunited
Worship of Christ is appropriate
The Humanity of Christ
The Humanity of Christ
In addition to a physical nature, Jesus had the same sort of emotions and intellectual qualities that all humans have - he thought, reasoned, and experienced the full gamut of human feelings. - Introducing Christian Doctrine by Millard Erickson
Just as John describes Jesus’ deity in the Gospel of John, he also describes Jesus’ human nature in his first letter.
1 That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked at and our hands have touched—this we proclaim concerning the Word of life.
In addition to a physical nature, Jesus had the same sort of emotions and intellectual qualities that all humans have - he thought, reasoned, and experienced the full gamut of human feelings. - Introducing Christian Doctrine by Millard Erickson
He loved (John 13:23)
23 One of them, the disciple whom Jesus loved, was reclining next to him.
He was compassionate (Mt 9:36)
36 When he saw the crowds, he had compassion on them, because they were harassed and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd.
He showed he could be sorrowful and troubled 6:37
Right before his crucifixion:
37 He took Peter and the two sons of Zebedee along with him, and he began to be sorrowful and troubled.
37 He took Peter and the two sons of Zebedee along with him, and he began to be sorrowful and troubled.
He showed astonishment (; Mark 6:6)
9 When Jesus heard this, he was amazed at him, and turning to the crowd following him, he said, “I tell you, I have not found such great faith even in Israel.”
6 He was amazed at their lack of faith.
Then Jesus went around teaching from village to village.
He struggled and showed stress ()
(death on the cross)
33 He took Peter, James and John along with him, and he began to be deeply distressed and troubled. 34 “My soul is overwhelmed with sorrow to the point of death,” he said to them. “Stay here and keep watch.”
Mark
34 And at three in the afternoon Jesus cried out in a loud voice, “Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?” (which means “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”).
When Jesus saw Mary and others weeping about the death of Lazurus.
He
33 When Jesus saw her weeping, and the Jews who had come along with her also weeping, he was deeply moved in spirit and troubled.
Jesus had incredible knowledge (; )
He
He knew thoughts of his friends and enemies
47 Jesus, knowing their thoughts, took a little child and had him stand beside him.
8 But Jesus knew what they were thinking and said to the man with the shriveled hand, “Get up and stand in front of everyone.” So he got up and stood there.
He knew about the Samaritan woman having 5 husbands
18 The fact is, you have had five husbands, and the man you now have is not your husband. What you have just said is quite true.”
He knew that Lazarus was already dead
14 So then he told them plainly, “Lazarus is dead,
Jesus was dependent on his Father. (Luke 6:12)
Jesus prayed regularly. While choosing his twelve disciples, Jesus prayed all night
12 One of those days Jesus went out to a mountainside to pray, and spent the night praying to God.
The Work of Christ
The Work of Christ
Humiliation
Humiliation
Humiliation
Humiliation
Incarnation - The act of grace whereby Christ took our human nature into union with his Divine Person, became man (biblestudytools.com)
6 Who, being in very nature God,
did not consider equality with God something to be used to his own advantage;
7 rather, he made himself nothing
by taking the very nature of a servant,
being made in human likeness.
What Jesus gave up in coming to earth was huge. He went from “equality with God” which entailed the immediate presence of the Father and the Holy Spirit as well as the continuous praise of the angels, he came to earth where he had none of these.
And he didn’t even come in the highest of human circumstances, but he came as a slave; a servant. He was born into very common family and a very small town of Bethlehem, and was born in the humble setting of a stable and laid in a manger.
But what about his divine attributes? His power?
He didn’t surrender his attributes, but he could only exercise them in dependence upon the Father. An analogy for this might be a safe deposit box; two keys are necessary for it to be opened - the bank’s and the depositor’s.
Death - The ultimate step downward in Jesus’ humiliation.
The ultimate step downward in Jesus’ humiliation.
The man who committed no sin suffered death. And it was a humiliating one; crucifixion was reserved by the Roman Empire for bad criminals; it was a slow, painful death; essentially death by torture. On top of it, he was mocked and taunted by the crowds.
But we all know that wasn’t the end of it.
Exaltation
Exaltation
Resurrection - The death of Jesus was the low point in his humiliation, but the overcoming of his death through resurrection was the first step in the process of his exaltation
The death of Jesus was the low point in his humiliation, but the overcoming of his death through resurrection was the first step in the process of his exaltation
The resurrection is particularly significant, for inflicting death was the worst thing that sin and the powers of sin could do to Christ. In the inability of death to hold him is symbolized the totality of his victory. What more can the forces of evil do if someone whom they have killed does not stay dead? Introducing Christian Doctrine by Millard Erickson
There is controversy around the resurrection. One of the issues is that there was no human witnesses to the actual resurrection since Jesus was alone in the tomb. There are a couple pieces of evidence though
Evidence:
The tomb that Jesus had been in was empty , and the body was never found
Many people testified that they had seen Jesus alive .
The Evidence of His Resurrection
The proclamation of the resurrection in Jerusalem so soon after Jesus’ death is very significant. Within the earliest Christian community there must have been a reliable testimony to the empty tomb.
“There is no claim at all that Jesus’ grave was not empty”
One thing to note about his resurrection. Throughout the gospels, we know that Jesus ate after the resurrection and was recognizable. He also had the marks of the nails in his hands and the spear wound in his side.
This means that different than when we are resurrected, Jesus’ resurrection and ascension happened as two events. When we are resurrected, we understand that our bodies will be transformed in one step.
Ascension
Ascension
44 it is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body.
If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body.
Jesus’ ascension means that he is now seated at the right hand of the Father.
The right hand is the place of distinction and power. If you remember back in Mark, James and John desired to sit at Christ’s right hand. Jesus’ sittting at the right hand of God should not be interpreted as rest; it’s a symbol of authority and active rule.
In premodern times, people thought this ascension was a transition from earth to heaven. we know, though, that heaven is not simply upward from earth, and it is also likely that the difference between heaven and earth isn’t geographaical.
Jesus’ ascension was not just a physical and spatial change, but spiritual as well. There were several reasons why Jesus had to leave earth.
To prepare a place for our future (John 14:2-3)
2 My Father’s house has many rooms; if that were not so, would I have told you that I am going there to prepare a place for you? 3 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come back and take you to be with me that you also may be where I am.
To send the Holy Spirit ()
7 But very truly I tell you, it is for your good that I am going away. Unless I go away, the Advocate will not come to you; but if I go, I will send him to you.
The sending of the Holy Spirit was essential. Jesus could work with the disciples only through teaching and example, but the Holy Sprit could work within them. The result of this is that the believers, which includes us, would be able to do the works that Jesus did.
The Second Coming
The Second Coming
Scripture is clear that christ will return at some point in the future, and that we do not know the exact time. His victory will be complete at this time. (Phil 2:10-11)
More to come in 2 weeks when we talk about the end times!
10 that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow,
in heaven and on earth and under the earth,
11 and every tongue acknowledge that Jesus Christ is Lord,
to the glory of God the Father.
Atonement
Atonement
God has provided a way for humankind to come back into harmonious relation with him.
Sacrifice - Christ himself sacrificed His body. This was a once-for-all- offering.
10 And by that will, we have been made holy through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.
11 Day after day every priest stands and performs his religious duties; again and again he offers the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins. 12 But when this priest had offered for all time one sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God,
10 And by that will, we have been made holy through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.
11 Day after day every priest stands and performs his religious duties; again and again he offers the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins. 12 But when this priest had offered for all time one sacrifice for sins, he sat down at the right hand of God, 13 and since that time he waits for his enemies to be made his footstool.
Propitiation - To appease God.
Substitution - Christ took our place by dying on the cross (Hebrews 2:9)
By substituting himself for us, Jesus actually bore the punishment due us, appeased the Father, and effected a reconciliation between God and humankind.
9 But we do see Jesus, who was made lower than the angels for a little while, now crowned with glory and honor because he suffered death, so that by the grace of God he might taste death for everyone.
Reconciliation - Our hostility toward God is removed
Although God isn’t the one who is doing anything wrong, he is the one who works to bring reconciliation.
God’s promise - Son of Eve will crush serpents head and destroy evil. Snake will bite this guys heel.
The word “Christology” comes from two Greek words meaning “Christ / Messiah” and “word” - which combine to mean the “study of Christ”. It’s the study of the Person and work of Jesus Christ.
- Get in groups of 3 or 4 and try to find....
Jesus never actually said the words “I am God”. He did make statements, though, that can’t be interpreted any other way than Jesus being god.
Jesus is fully human and fully divine at the same time; it’s not a mixture or dilution.
Jesus as “Son of Man”
The virgin birth