Holy Spirit Help
16:10 Because I go to the Father means that Jesus will no longer be in the world to teach about true righteousness, and so the Holy Spirit will come to carry on that function, through illumination (v. 13) and through the words of believers who bear witness to the gospel.
The Spirit also convicts of righteousness (10), an unexpected idea until it is recognized that the world’s idea of righteousness is very different from God’s. Only when the world is convicted of the hollowness of its own righteousness will it appreciate the righteousness of Christ, which has been vindicated by his exaltation.
It ought to be observed, that in this passage Christ does not speak of secret revelations, but of the power of the Spirit, which appears in the outward doctrine of the Gospel, and in the voice of men. For how comes it that the voice proceeding from the mouth of a man1 penetrates into the hearts, takes root there, and at length yields fruit, changing hearts of stone into hearts of flesh, and renewing men, but because the Spirit of Christ quickens it?
This assurance was then followed immediately by a description of the effects of that indwelling (v. 8). This is not a description of what the Holy Spirit would do apart from believers, but of what believers would do through the Holy Spirit’s empowering. Believers were the ones who would ‘convict the world of guilt in regard to sin and righteousness and judgment’. And Jesus unpacked each of these three areas.
Firstly, the Holy Spirit convicts through believers ‘in regard to sin, because men do not believe in me’ (v. 9). All true Holy Spirit-indwelt believers will expose the empty, self-serving, God-rejecting agenda of the world. There should be something about believers centring their lives around the promises of God’s mercy and blessing that exposes the emptiness, folly and futility of the world.
16:13 On the Spirit of truth, see note on 14:16–17. The Spirit’s ministry of guiding Jesus’ followers into all the truth is a promise especially directed toward these 11 disciples, and it finds particular fulfillment in the subsequent work of these disciples in personally writing or overseeing the writing of the books of the NT (see note on 14:26). The promise, like the other things that Jesus says in these chapters, also has a broader application to all believers as the Holy Spirit leads and guides them (see Rom. 8:14; Gal. 5:18).
So believers today, as then, have this immense confidence that they are not subject to powerful personalities or the mystically insightful, but that God in his mercy has given them both his Spirit and his Word. Amid all the lies and changing theories that this world embraces, they have this certain, sure, absolute Word to lead and guide them.
We now see that the information given by Christ, that he would be glorified by the Spirit whom he should send, is far from being superfluous; for it was intended to inform us, that the office of the Holy Spirit was nothing else than to establish the kingdom of Christ, and to maintain and confirm for ever all that was given him by the Father. Why then does he speak of the Spirit’s teaching? Not to withdraw us from the school of Christ, but rather to ratify that word by which we are commanded to listen to him, otherwise he would diminish the glory of Christ.