After-life

The after-life in the OT

The grave as a place of silence

Psalm 115:17 ESV

The dead do not praise the Lord, nor do any who go down into silence.

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The grave as a place of darkness

Job 10:21–22 ESV

before I go—and I shall not return— to the land of darkness and deep shadow, the land of gloom like thick darkness, like deep shadow without any order, where light is as thick darkness.”

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The grave as a place of no return

Job 7:8–10 ESV

The eye of him who sees me will behold me no more; while your eyes are on me, I shall be gone. As the cloud fades and vanishes, so he who goes down to Sheol does not come up; he returns no more to his house, nor does his place know him anymore.

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The grave as a place of judgment

Psalm 88:5 ESV

like one set loose among the dead, like the slain that lie in the grave, like those whom you remember no more, for they are cut off from your hand.

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The grave offers peace to the righteous

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The hope of resurrection

Daniel 12:2 ESV

And many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.

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The after-life and God’s judgment

Judgment beyond death is certain

Hebrews 9:27 ESV

And just as it is appointed for man to die once, and after that comes judgment,

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There will be salvation for believers

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There will be separation from God for unbelievers

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The believing dead are already with Jesus Christ

; Believers, with Jesus Christ in spirit, await their final resurrection which will take place when he returns.

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The after-life and believers’ hope of resurrection

The bodily resurrection of Jesus Christ

Luke 24:39–43 ESV

See my hands and my feet, that it is I myself. Touch me, and see. For a spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see that I have.” And when he had said this, he showed them his hands and his feet. And while they still disbelieved for joy and were marveling, he said to them, “Have you anything here to eat?” They gave him a piece of broiled fish, and he took it and ate before them.

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Believers share in Christ’s resurrection

Romans 8:11 ESV

If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through his Spirit who dwells in you.

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The resurrection body of believers

Philippians 3:20–21 ESV

But our citizenship is in heaven, and from it we await a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ, who will transform our lowly body to be like his glorious body, by the power that enables him even to subject all things to himself.

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The future consummation of the believers’ enjoyment of God

Future glory

Romans 8:18–19 ESV

For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worth comparing with the glory that is to be revealed to us. For the creation waits with eager longing for the revealing of the sons of God.

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A new heaven and earth

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God’s presence with his people

The final consummation will bring God’s promises to and purposes for his people to fulfilment;

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The Holy Spirit as a guarantee

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