THE BIBLICAL TERMINOLOGY - Salvation
Doctrine of Salvation, Sunday School • Sermon • Submitted
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Chapter 49
THE BIBLICAL TERMINOLOGY
THE BIBLICAL TERMINOLOGY
I. THE OLD TESTAMENT USAGE
I. THE OLD TESTAMENT USAGE
The most important Hebrew root word related to salvation in the Old Testament is yasha˒. Originally it meant to be roomy or broad in contrast to narrowness or oppression. Thus it signifies freedom from what binds or restricts, and it came to mean deliverance, liberation, or giving width and breadth to something.
Sometimes this deliverance came through the agency of man (e.g., through judges,
18 Whenever the Lord raised up judges for them, the Lord was with the judge, and he saved them from the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge. For the Lord was moved to pity by their groaning because of those who afflicted and oppressed them.
14 And the Lord turned to him and said, “Go in this might of yours and save Israel from the hand of Midian; do not I send you?”
22 Then the men of Israel said to Gideon, “Rule over us, you and your son and your grandson also, for you have saved us from the hand of Midian.”
8:22; 12:2;
; ;
2 And Jephthah said to them, “I and my people had a great dispute with the Ammonites, and when I called you, you did not save me from their hand.
; ; ;
;
; ;
or kings,
or kings,
2 Therefore David inquired of the Lord, “Shall I go and attack these Philistines?” And the Lord said to David, “Go and attack the Philistines and save Keilah.”
), and sometimes through the agency of Yahweh (; ; ; ; ).
, and sometimes through the agency of Yahweh
6 Now I know that the Lord saves his anointed; he will answer him from his holy heaven with the saving might of his right hand.
; ; ; ; ).
6 This poor man cried, and the Lord heard him and saved him out of all his troubles.
Psalms ; ; ; ).
10 I will greatly rejoice in the Lord; my soul shall exult in my God, for he has clothed me with the garments of salvation; he has covered me with the robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom decks himself like a priest with a beautiful headdress, and as a bride adorns herself with her jewels.
; ; ).
23 They shall not defile themselves anymore with their idols and their detestable things, or with any of their transgressions. But I will save them from all the backslidings in which they have sinned, and will cleanse them; and they shall be my people, and I will be their God.
; ).
).
Sometimes salvation is individual
1 Incline your ear, O Lord, and answer me, for I am poor and needy.
2 Preserve my life, for I am godly; save your servant, who trusts in you—you are my God.
) and sometimes corporate, that is, of the nation (, though all the world will share in it, 45:22; 49:6). In the Old Testament salvation was not only a deliverance from some trouble but also a deliverance to the Lord for His special purpose (43:11–12; 49:6).
and sometimes corporate, that is, of the nation
2 “Behold, God is my salvation; I will trust, and will not be afraid; for the Lord God is my strength and my song, and he has become my salvation.”
, though all the world will share in it, 45:22; 49:6). In the Old Testament salvation was not only a deliverance from some trouble but also a deliverance to the Lord for His special purpose (43:11–12; 49:6).
(though all the world will share in it, 45:22; 49:6). In the Old Testament salvation was not only a deliverance from some trouble but also a deliverance to the Lord for His special purpose
11 I, I am the Lord, and besides me there is no savior.
12 I declared and saved and proclaimed, when there was no strange god among you; and you are my witnesses,” declares the Lord, “and I am God.
).
Psalm 43:11–12
; 49:6).
Faith was the necessary condition for salvation in the Old Testament as well as in the New. Abraham believed in the Lord, and the Lord counted it to him for righteousness (). The Hebrew prefix beth indicates that Abraham confidently rested his faith on God (cf. ; ). The covenant relationship established by the Mosaic Law also implied that an Israelite had to have faith in the God of that covenant if he were to be pleasing to Him and not be cut off.
6 he says: “It is too light a thing that you should be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob and to bring back the preserved of Israel; I will make you as a light for the nations, that my salvation may reach to the end of the earth.”
Faith was the necessary condition for salvation in the Old Testament as well as in the New.
Abraham believed in the Lord, and the Lord counted it to him for righteousness
6 And he believed the Lord, and he counted it to him as righteousness.
). The Hebrew prefix beth indicates that Abraham confidently rested his faith on God (cf. ; ). The covenant relationship established by the Mosaic Law also implied that an Israelite had to have faith in the God of that covenant if he were to be pleasing to Him and not be cut off.
The Hebrew prefix beth indicates that Abraham confidently rested his faith on God (cf.
31 When Israel saw the great power that the Lord had exercised over the Egyptians, they feared the Lord, and they believed in the Lord and in his servant Moses.
; ). The covenant relationship established by the Mosaic Law also implied that an Israelite had to have faith in the God of that covenant if he were to be pleasing to Him and not be cut off.
5 And the people of Nineveh believed God. They called for a fast and put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them to the least of them.
). The covenant relationship established by the Mosaic Law also implied that an Israelite had to have faith in the God of that covenant if he were to be pleasing to Him and not be cut off.
The covenant relationship established by the Mosaic Law also implied that an Israelite had to have faith in the God of that covenant if he were to be pleasing to Him and not be cut off.
The object of faith was always the true God
11 And the Lord said to Moses, “How long will this people despise me? And how long will they not believe in me, in spite of all the signs that I have done among them?
; ; , , ). This Savior God was the sole origin of salvation (, ). To trust in idols was not only ineffective but ludicrous, for salvation was of the Lord.
12 And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Because you did not believe in me, to uphold me as holy in the eyes of the people of Israel, therefore you shall not bring this assembly into the land that I have given them.”
14 But they would not listen, but were stubborn, as their fathers had been, who did not believe in the Lord their God.
; , , ). This Savior God was the sole origin of salvation (, ). To trust in idols was not only ineffective but ludicrous, for salvation was of the Lord.
22 because they did not believe in God and did not trust his saving power.
; , , ). This Savior God was the sole origin of salvation (, ). To trust in idols was not only ineffective but ludicrous, for salvation was of the Lord.
, , ). This Savior God was the sole origin of salvation (, ). To trust in idols was not only ineffective but ludicrous, for salvation was of the Lord.
, ). This Savior God was the sole origin of salvation (, ). To trust in idols was not only ineffective but ludicrous, for salvation was of the Lord.
5 And the people of Nineveh believed God. They called for a fast and put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them to the least of them.
This Savior God was the sole origin of salvation
8 Salvation belongs to the Lord; your blessing be on your people! Selah
, ). To trust in idols was not only ineffective but ludicrous, for salvation was of the Lord.
9 But I with the voice of thanksgiving will sacrifice to you; what I have vowed I will pay. Salvation belongs to the Lord!”
). To trust in idols was not only ineffective but ludicrous, for salvation was of the Lord.
To trust in idols was not only ineffective but ludicrous, for salvation was of the Lord.
II. THE NEW TESTAMENT USAGE
II. THE NEW TESTAMENT USAGE
In both the Septuagint and the New Testament the Greek verb sōzō and its cognates sōtēr and sōtēria usually translate yasha˒ and its respective nouns. However, a number of times the sōzō group translates shalom, peace or wholeness, and its cognates.
Thus salvation can mean cure, recovery, remedy, rescue, redemption, or welfare. This can be related to preservation from danger, disease, or death
22 But Jesus turning and seeing her said, Daughter, be of good cheer; thy faith hath made thee whole. And the woman was made whole from that hour.
; , , ; ). But the full Christian usage means saving from eternal death and endowing a person with everlasting life (; ).
20 When neither sun nor stars appeared for many days, and no small tempest lay on us, all hope of our being saved was at last abandoned.
, , ; ). But the full Christian usage means saving from eternal death and endowing a person with everlasting life (; ).
31 Paul said to the centurion and the soldiers, “Unless these men stay in the ship, you cannot be saved.”
Acts 27:31, 34; ). But the full Christian usage means saving from eternal death and endowing a person with everlasting life (; ).
34 Therefore I urge you to take some food, for this is important for your survival. For not one of you will lose a hair from his head.”
Acts 27:34; ). But the full Christian usage means saving from eternal death and endowing a person with everlasting life (; ).
7 In the days of his flesh, Jesus offered up prayers and supplications, with loud cries and tears, to him who was able to save him from death, and he was heard because of his reverence.
, ; ). But the full Christian usage means saving from eternal death and endowing a person with everlasting life (; ).
). But the full Christian usage means saving from eternal death and endowing a person with everlasting life (; ).
But the full Christian usage means saving from eternal death and endowing a person with everlasting life
9 Since, therefore, we have now been justified by his blood, much more shall we be saved by him from the wrath of God.
; ).
25 Consequently, he is able to save to the uttermost those who draw near to God through him, since he always lives to make intercession for them.
).
As in the Old Testament, the initiative of salvation is entirely with God
16 “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.
). The Lord Jesus Christ’s death on the cross is the sole basis for that salvation (; ). As stated before, this salvation has a past aspect that occurred when we believed, a present aspect, and a future consummation.
The Lord Jesus Christ’s death on the cross is the sole basis for that salvation
12 And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved.”
; ). As stated before, this salvation has a past aspect that occurred when we believed, a present aspect, and a future consummation.
9 And being made perfect, he became the source of eternal salvation to all who obey him,
). As stated before, this salvation has a past aspect that occurred when we believed, a present aspect, and a future consummation.
As stated before, this salvation has a past aspect that occurred when we believed, a present aspect, and a future consummation.
But word usage does not begin to fathom all that the biblical revelation declares about salvation. Other concepts like sacrifice, redemption, reconciliation, propitiation, and justification are vital to a full understanding of the doctrine.
These will be considered later, but I mention them now lest anyone think that the doctrine is built only on the words related to saving.
Salvation affects the whole person. Nevertheless, the removal of man’s fallen nature and the receiving of a resurrection body awaits a future day. But this is also a part of our salvation
). In addition, the curse that has been on the world will be removed (vv. 18–23), and the entire universe will feel the effects of Christ’s work of reconciliation ().
23 And not only the creation, but we ourselves, who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, groan inwardly as we wait eagerly for adoption as sons, the redemption of our bodies.
In addition, the curse that has been on the world will be removed (vv. 18–23), and the entire universe will feel the effects of Christ’s work of reconciliation
).
20 and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether on earth or in heaven, making peace by the blood of his cross.