Sowing and reaping

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OT references are mainly agricultural with regulatory laws covering crop production and festivals of thanksgiving. God’s blessing was reflected in the harvest. The NT refers more to the spiritual sowing and reaping that takes place in the kingdom of God.

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Regulations concerning the sowing and reaping of crops

Laws of purity related to planting

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Reapers are to leave gleanings for the poor

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Harvest celebrations

Exodus 23:16 NASB95
“Also you shall observe the Feast of the Harvest of the first fruits of your labors from what you sow in the field; also the Feast of the Ingathering at the end of the year when you gather in the fruit of your labors from the field.
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The Sabbath-rest for the land and its cultivators

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Reaping a good harvest is a blessing from God

It is a consequence of obedience

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It is a promise to the remnant of God’s people

Amos 9:13–14 NASB95
“Behold, days are coming,” declares the Lord, “When the plowman will overtake the reaper And the treader of grapes him who sows seed; When the mountains will drip sweet wine And all the hills will be dissolved. “Also I will restore the captivity of My people Israel, And they will rebuild the ruined cities and live in them; They will also plant vineyards and drink their wine, And make gardens and eat their fruit.
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God’s judgment on Israel is reflected in reaping a poor harvest

A poor yield of crops

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The harvesting of one’s crops by others

Leviticus 26:15–16 NASB95
if, instead, you reject My statutes, and if your soul abhors My ordinances so as not to carry out all My commandments, and so break My covenant, I, in turn, will do this to you: I will appoint over you a sudden terror, consumption and fever that will waste away the eyes and cause the soul to pine away; also, you will sow your seed uselessly, for your enemies will eat it up.
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Proverbs and poems of sowing and harvest

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Moral and spiritual sowing and reaping

Good and evil

Job 4:8 NASB95
“According to what I have seen, those who plow iniquity And those who sow trouble harvest it.
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Sowing and reaping in the kingdom of God

Mark 4:3–8 NASB95
“Listen to this! Behold, the sower went out to sow; as he was sowing, some seed fell beside the road, and the birds came and ate it up. “Other seed fell on the rocky ground where it did not have much soil; and immediately it sprang up because it had no depth of soil. “And after the sun had risen, it was scorched; and because it had no root, it withered away. “Other seed fell among the thorns, and the thorns came up and choked it, and it yielded no crop. “Other seeds fell into the good soil, and as they grew up and increased, they yielded a crop and produced thirty, sixty, and a hundredfold.”
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The certainty of reaping

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Reaping where others have sown

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Reaping a material harvest from spiritual sowing

1 Corinthians 9:9–11 NASB95
For it is written in the Law of Moses, “You shall not muzzle the ox while he is threshing.” God is not concerned about oxen, is He? Or is He speaking altogether for our sake? Yes, for our sake it was written, because the plowman ought to plow in hope, and the thresher to thresh in hope of sharing the crops. If we sowed spiritual things in you, is it too much if we reap material things from you?

People and nations are reaped for judgment

Joel 3:13 NASB95
Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Come, tread, for the wine press is full; The vats overflow, for their wickedness is great.
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Metaphorical use of sowing and reaping

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