Law, Ten Commandments

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The basic laws given to Israel through Moses following the exodus from Egypt (Ex 20:1-17; Dt 5:6-21). The first four commandments safeguard Israel’s special relation to God; the remaining six protect individuals within the community and promote their well-being.

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The Ten Commandments are to govern the life of Israel as the people of God

Israel should obey God alone

Exodus 20:2–3 ESV
“I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. “You shall have no other gods before me.
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Idolatry forbidden

Exodus 20:4–6 ESV
“You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.
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God’s name should not be misused

Exodus 20:7 ESV
“You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.
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A day of rest is commanded

Exodus 20:8–11 ESV
“Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your male servant, or your female servant, or your livestock, or the sojourner who is within your gates. For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy.
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Parents are to be honoured

Exodus 20:12 ESV
“Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you.
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Murder is forbidden

Exodus 20:13 ESV
“You shall not murder.
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Adultery is forbidden

Exodus 20:14 ESV
“You shall not commit adultery.
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Stealing is forbidden

Exodus 20:15 ESV
“You shall not steal.
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False witness is forbidden

Exodus 20:16 ESV
“You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
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Coveting is forbidden

Exodus 20:17 ESV
“You shall not covet your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his male servant, or his female servant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor’s.”
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The circumstances surrounding the giving of the Ten Commandments

The Ten Commandments written on stone tablets

Exodus 24:12 ESV
The Lord said to Moses, “Come up to me on the mountain and wait there, that I may give you the tablets of stone, with the law and the commandment, which I have written for their instruction.”
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The stone tablets broken

Moses broke the stone tablets when he saw that the Israelites had sinned by making the golden calf.
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A second set of stone tablets made

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The second set of stone tablets put in the ark of the covenant

Exodus 40:20 ESV
He took the testimony and put it into the ark, and put the poles on the ark and set the mercy seat above on the ark.
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