Sermon Tone Analysis

Introdução

1) Only the Gospel of Luke has preserved a story that has come to be known as the Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (16:19–31).

2) Estrutura

II.

PARABLE OF THE RICH MAN AND LAZARUS (16:19–31)

A. The two persons (16:19–21)

1.

The rich man (16:19) : He wears the best of clothes and lives in total luxury.

2. The beggar (16:20–21)

a.

His pain (16:20) : He is covered with sores.

b.

His poverty (16:21) : He longs to eat what falls from the rich man’s table.

B. The two places (16:22–23)

1. Paradise (16:22a): The beggar dies and is carried by angels to be with Abraham.

2. Perdition (16:22b–23): The rich man dies, and his soul goes to hell.

C. The two prayers (16:24–31)

1.

The rich man’s prayer concerning relief for his body (16:24–26)

a.

The request (16:24) : He asks Abraham if Lazarus can come over and help ease his agony in the fires of hell.

b.

The refusal (16:25) : This request is denied.

c.

The reason (16:26) : A great chasm separates them.

2. The rich man’s prayer concerning redemption for his brothers (16:27–31)

a.

The request (16:27–28): He begs Abraham to send Lazarus back to warn his five evil brothers about this terrible place.

b.

The reasons for the refusal (16:29–31)

(1) “Moses and the prophets have warned them” (16:29–30).

(2) “If they won’t listen to Moses and the prophets, they won’t listen even if someone rises from the dead” (16:31) .

2) Contexto literário

Jesus continues to address and repudiate the abusive use of riches with this additional dramatic parable contrasting the excesses of the rich man and the destitute condition of Lazarus.

Jesus continues to address and repudiate the abusive use of riches with this additional dramatic parable contrasting the excesses of the rich man and the destitute condition of Lazarus.

The rich man is dressed in regal splendor (clothed in purple), feasting sumptuously every day, while the poor man named Lazarus lies at his gate, starving and covered with sores—a picture that conveys the utter disregard of the rich man for the poverty-stricken person living in the shadow of the rich man’s own opulent self-indulgence.

Comentário

Comentário

DESCRIÇÃO DO RICO

19a) Havia um homem rico,

Readers and hearers in late antiquity would immediately suspect that this rich man was headed for trouble: “Luxurious living results in ruin” (Sentences of Sextus 73).

In most of the oldest manuscripts there is no name given to the rich man.

However, in the very oldest manuscript (Papyrus 75) the phrase, “by the name of Neues,” is found.

It may be intended as a shortened form of “Nineveh.”

That a name would be assigned to the rich man is understandable, since a name is assigned to the poor man.

But why “Neues” (or Nineveh) was assigned is anybody’s guess.

The name “Dives” comes from the Vulgate (i.e., homo quidam erat dives), but there it is not intended to be a name; it is simply the adjective “rich.”

19b) que se vestia com roupas finas e elegantes

πορφύραν καὶ βύσσον

=> Púrpura

The clothing of the rich man is described in 16:19, “dressed in purple and fine linen,” in OT terms reminiscent of Prov.

31:22, suggesting that he lived like a king (Fitzmyer 1981–1985: 1130).

19c) e fazia festas esplêndidas

19d) todos os dias.

DESCRIÇÃO DO POBRE

20a) Um pobre,

20b) chamado Lázaro,

The name “Lazarus” (16:20), which corresponds to the Hebrew name “Eliezer” (“God helps”), has sometimes been taken to allude to Abraham’s trusted servant of the same name (Gen.

15:1–2), due to the presence of Abraham in the story (Derrett 1970: 86–87):

20c) cheio de feridas,

helkoomai, um termo médico usado por Hipócrates, que significa "causar úlceras ou feridas", usado aqui por Lucas para significar que Lázaro estava coberto de feridas.

Esta doença poderia ter sido como ter uma infecção por estafilococos que produz furúnculos, etc. (cf.

Jó 2: 7–8).

20d) estava no chão,

20e) à porta do rico.

O DESEJO DO POBRE

21a) Ele queria matar a fome

21b) com as sobras que caíam da mesa do rico.

Como ele poderia comer as sobras das mesa do rico, se ele estava "no chão" e "à porta"?

A “DOAÇÃO” DO POBRE (?)

21c) E, além disso,

21d) vinham os cachorros lamber suas feridas.

The reference to the dogs who came and licked Lazarus’s sores (16:21) echoes OT passages in which dogs consume the dead (cf. 1 Kings 14:11; 16:4; 21:24; Ps. 22:15–16; Jer.

15:3; see Hultgren 2000: 112).

O CONTRASTE NA MORTE DOS DOIS

22a) Quando o pobre morreu,

22b) os anjos levaram-no

The statement in 16:22 that Lazarus was “carried away by the angels to be with Abraham” has been interpreted as alluding to Enoch, who was taken to heaven by God (Gen.

5:24), and to Elijah, who was taken to heaven in a whirlwind (2 Kings 2:11)

Jewish lore often speaks of the righteous being carried away by angels; Jesus spares his hearers the traditional corresponding image of the wicked being carried away by demons.

Every person, no matter how poor, was to receive a burial, and not to be buried was seen as terrible (e.g., 1 Kings 14:13).

22c) para junto de Abraão.

A Jewish work dating from around the time of Yeshua says, “After this suffering of ours, Avraham, Yitzchak and Ya‛akov will receive us, and all our ancestors will praise us” (4 Maccabees 13:17).

Thus being at “Avraham’s side” suggests both being in Gan-Eden (Paradise) and being present at the Messianic banquet (Mt 8:11, Rv 19:7–9).

22d) Morreu também o rico

22e) e foi enterrado.

This extra detail, not mentioned in relation to Lazarus, is appropriate for someone who is wealthy; the implication may be that Lazarus was so impoverished that he was not even buried properly.

23Na região dos mortos,

NA REGIÃO DOS MORTOS

23a) Na região dos mortos,

καὶ ἐν τῷ ᾅδῃ

“Sheol” is the most common word for the afterlife in the Bible, appearing 65 times in the Old Testament.

Biblical passages are the only source of information regarding Sheol.

References to Sheol in the Old Testament include:

• Genesis 37:35: Jacob wishes to join Joseph in death, saying: “I shall go down to Sheol to my son, mourning.”

• 2 Samuel 12:23: David calls it the land of no return as he mourns his son.

"sheol" ou "hades" = morada dos mortos

23b) no meio dos tormentos,

23c) o rico levantou os olhos

23d) e viu de longe a Abraão,

23e) com Lázaro ao seu lado.

-> Alguns rabinos judeus acreditavam que ele era dividido em duas partes por um muro que tinha a largura de um dedo ou de uma palma.

Essa informação está no Talmud.

PRIMEIRO GRITO DO RICO