2nd Class Conditional Clauses
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Introduction
Introduction
Definition: “indicates the assumption of an untruth (for the sake of argument).” Daniel B. Wallace, Greek Grammar beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1996), 694.
Often called the “contrary to fact” condtion
Better to call it “presumed contrary to fact” condition (Wallace)
Structure of 2nd class condition
εἰ + indicative mood
Protasis: εἰ + indicative mood
Apodosis: usually has ἄν and a secondary tense in the indicative mood
εἰ + indicative mood with a secondary tense (aorist or imperfect usually)
The apodosis usually has ἄν (but some examples lack this particle), and a secondary tense in the indicative mood
Two types of second class conditional clauses
Present contrary-to-fact: uses the imperfect tense in both the protatsis and apodosis
Past contrary-to-fact: uses the aorist tense in both the protasis and apodosis
Examples
Examples
“For if you believed Moses, you would believe Me, for he wrote about Me.
Now when the Pharisee who had invited Him saw this, he said to himself, “If this man were a prophet He would know who and what sort of person this woman is who is touching Him, that she is a sinner.”
the wisdom which none of the rulers of this age has understood; for if they had understood it they would not have crucified the Lord of glory;
“If you were of the world, the world would love its own; but because you are not of the world, but I chose you out of the world, because of this the world hates you.
But when Paul was about to open his mouth, Gallio said to the Jews, “If it were a matter of wrong or of vicious crime, O Jews, it would be reasonable for me to put up with you;
But if we judged ourselves rightly, we would not be judged.
1 Corinthians 11:31
They went out from us, but they were not really of us; for if they had been of us, they would have remained with us; but they went out, so that it would be shown that they all are not of us.