Enjoy and Exalt
Me, Me, Me
Jesus, Jesus, Jesus
Mad, Bad or God!
Why Die?
1 - Enjoy Jesus
2 - Exalt Jesus
This is the fourth successive section to point out ways in which Jesus fulfills and surpasses Judaism: in 2:1–11, Jesus provides new wine that vastly surpasses anything that contemporary Judaism could afford, and renders obsolete the stone jars of purification; in 2:12–25, Jesus displaces the temple and thereby intimates that the temple’s proper role is best seen as an anticipation of the ultimate point of mediation between God and man; in 3:1–21, Jesus fulfills prophecies of a ‘water and spirit’ regeneration, and proves in his death to be the ultimate antitype of the snake ‘lifted up’ in the desert; and hence (3:22–30) Jesus surpasses John the Baptist and any baptism or rite of purification he may represent. In the next chapter (4:1ff.), the uniqueness of Jesus will be set against movements that extend beyond the boundaries of Palestinian Judaism.
This Gospel repeatedly associates ‘joy’ with the verb plēroun (‘to fulfil’, ‘to complete’); here John the Baptist means that he has the final and ultimate satisfaction of knowing that his God-given (v. 27) ministry has been successful
3:30. In short, John says, He must become greater; I must become less. The ‘must’ (dei) is nothing less than the determined will of God. John finds his joy, not in grudgingly conceding victory to a superior opponent, but in wholeheartedly embracing God’s will, and the supremacy it assigns to Jesus. A great deal of later Christian piety has turned on the same truth.
From the immediate context, the Evangelist is explaining why Jesus the incarnate Word must become greater (v. 30): he alone is from above and is therefore above all. The Greek for ‘from above’, anōthen, immediately recalls 3:3: the new birth from above can be experienced only by faith in the One who is from above.
John pessimistically evaluates the reception of the one from above: no-one accepts his testimony. In this he is merely repeating the evaluation of Jesus himself (3:11).
Throughout redemptive history, God spoke to his people through many accredited messengers. Each received that measure of the Spirit that was required for his or her assigned task. Three centuries after John wrote, Rabbi Aha rightly commented that the Holy Spirit who rested on the prophets did so according to the measure (bemišqal) of each prophet’s assignment (Leviticus Rabbah 15:2). Not so to Jesus: to him God gives the Spirit without limit (this is almost certainly the correct rendering). John the Baptist had already testified that he had seen the Spirit descend and remain on Jesus (1:32–33), in fulfillment of Isaiah’s prophecy (Is. 11:2; 42:1; 61:1); the same truth is repeated in new form. (Cf. also the notes on 4:23–24.)
Because of his love for the Son, the Father has given the Spirit to him without limit, and has placed everything in his hands (cf. Mt. 11:27; Lk. 10:22). Even the unfolding of redemptive history finds its ultimate source in the loving relationships in the Godhead. ‘The Son is the Father’s envoy plenipotentiary, his perfect spokesman and revealer’ (Bruce, p. 97).
Judgment has already been threatened (vv. 19–20); now it is alarmingly explicit. God’s wrath is not some impersonal principle of retribution, but the personal response of a holy God who comes to his own world, sadly fallen into rebellion, and finds few who want anything to do with him. Such people are ‘condemned already’ (cf. v. 18).