Sermon Tone Analysis

Haggai 2:10 On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month of Darius’ second year, the Lord spoke again to the prophet Haggai: 2:11 “The Lord who rules over all says, ‘Ask the priests about the law.

2:12 If someone carries holy meat in a fold of his garment and that fold touches bread, a boiled dish, wine, olive oil, or any other food, will that item become holy?’ ” The priests answered, “It will not.”

2:13 Then Haggai asked, “If a person who is ritually unclean because of touching a dead body comes in contact with one of these items, will it become unclean?”

The priests answered, “It will be unclean.”

2:14 Then Haggai responded, “ ‘The people of this nation are unclean in my sight,’ says the Lord.

‘And so is all their effort; everything they offer is also unclean.

2:15 Now therefore reflect carefully on the recent past, before one stone was laid on another in the Lord’s temple.

2:16 From that time when one came expecting a heap of twenty measures, there were only ten; when one came to the wine vat to draw out fifty measures from it, there were only twenty.

2:17 I struck all the products of your labor with blight, disease, and hail, and yet you brought nothing to me,’ says the Lord.

2:18 ‘Think carefully about the past: from today, the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, to the day work on the temple of the Lord was resumed, think about it.

2:19 The seed is still in the storehouse, isn’t it?

And the vine, fig tree, pomegranate, and olive tree have not produced.

Nevertheless, from today on I will bless you.’”

(NET)

In Haggai 2:15, the Lord through the prophet Haggai issues the remnant of Judah a command.

It demanded that each and every one of them were to immediately thoughtfully reflect within their hearts upon the recent past.

This is identified as the period of time before a stone was place upon a stone in the Lord’s temple.

In other words, each of the citizens of Judah were to thoughtfully reflect in their hearts upon the period of time prior to laying the foundation of the Lord’s temple in Jerusalem which was in 536 B.C.

This interpretation is supported by a comparison of Haggai 2:15 and Ezra 3:10-11.

Haggai 2:15 contains two prepositional phrases: (1) miṭṭerem śûm-ʾeben ʾel-ʾeben bĕhêkal yĕhwâ (מִטֶּ֧רֶם שֽׂוּם־אֶ֛בֶן אֶל־אֶ֖בֶן בְּהֵיכַ֥ל יְהוָֽה), “before one stone was laid on another in the Lord’s temple” (2) min-hayyôm hazze wāmāʿlâ (מִן־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה וָמָ֑עְלָה), “on the recent past.”

The former stands in apposition to the latter and identifies specifically the meaning of the latter.

It speaks of the period before the foundation of the temple was laid.

On the other hand, Ezra 3:10-11 asserts that the temple of the Lord was established, which refers to the laying of the foundation of the temple.

Therefore, the remnant of Judah’s obedience to the Lord’s command in Haggai 1:8 was simply resuming the work of rebuilding the temple since the foundation of the temple was laid in 536 B.C.

Haggai 1:15 says they resumed the work on the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month of the second year of Darius’ reign, which was August 29, 520 B.C.

Ezra 6:15-18 asserts that the temple was completed on the third day of the month of Adar, which was the sixth year of the reign of Darius, which was 516 B.C.

This command in Haggai 2:15, the statements recorded in Haggai 2:16-17, the command in Haggai 2:18 and the statements in Haggai 2:19 all stand in contrast with the Lord’s assessment of the kingdom of Judah in Haggai 2:14, which asserts that the citizens of the remnant of Judah were unclean in the Lord’s sight.

Haggai 2:16-17 elaborate further on this command in Haggai 2:15 because they describe the dire agricultural and economic situation in Judah prior to the laying of the foundation of this temple sixteen years earlier in 536 B.C. up to the present moment.

Haggai 2:18 contains another command which required that the citizens of the kingdom of Judah reflect thoughtfully upon the past.

Specifically, they were to thoughtfully reflect upon the period starting from the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month to the day the work on the temple of the Lord was resumed.

The latter took place on the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month King Darius’ second year (Hag.

1:15).

Haggai 2:19 poses a rhetorical question to the citizens of Judah which asks them if the seed was still in their storehouses, which demands a positive response.

It also asserts that the vine, fig tree, pomegranate and olive tree have not produced.

Lastly, this verse asserts that from today, the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month the Lord would bless the citizens of Judah.

Therefore, Haggai 2:15 begins a section which ends in Haggai 2:19, which stands in contrast to the Lord’s assessment of the citizens of Judah in Haggai 2:14 which asserts that they were unclean in His judgment.

Haggai 2:15-19 stands in contrast with Haggai 2:14 because the former asserts the Lord would bless the kingdom of Judah even though He had been disciplining them before they laid the foundation of the temple and after they He had done so.

The reason why the citizens of Judah were unclean in the Lord’s judgment is not identified in Haggai 2:10-19.

However, Haggai 1:9 identifies the reason as they did not complete the rebuilding of His temple in Jerusalem.

Therefore, the reason why the citizens of Judah were unclean is because they failed to complete the rebuilding of the Lord’s temple.

Also, the reason why the Lord decided to bless them rather than continue to discipline them is not given in Haggai 2:10-19.

However, Haggai 1:12-15 makes clear that it was because the citizens of the kingdom of Judah obeyed the command the Lord communicated to them through Haggai to resume rebuilding His temple in Jerusalem.

Again, Haggai 1:15 asserts that this took place on the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month during Darius’ second year.

Furthermore, as we noted the Lord issues the citizens of Judah another command in Haggai 2:18.

It required that they thoughtfully reflect upon the past.

This period is identifies as extending from the day they received this message, the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month to the day work on the temple was resumed, which again Haggai 1:15 identifies as the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month during Darius’ second year of reign.

As we also noted, Haggai 2:19 asserts that the seed was still in the storehouses of the remnant of Judah.

However, the vine, fig tree, pomegranate and olive tree had not produced yet.

Lastly, the Lord asserts He would bless from the twenty-fourth day of the ninth.

So therefore, the command in Haggai 2:15 required the remnant of Judah to thoughtfully reflect upon the period prior to the foundation of the temple being laid when they returned from Babylon.

On the other hand, the command in Haggai 2:18 required that they thoughtfully reflect upon the period after they began to resume the work of completing the temple, which extended up to the day they received this third message.

The Lord was disciplining them during the period prior to laying the foundation of His temple.

However, He asserts in Haggai 2:19 that this discipline had ended because He promises from the day they received this third message on to bless them.

Therefore, we can see from a comparison of these verses that the Lord is telling the remnant of Judah that He is no longer going to discipline them because they obeyed His command to complete the rebuilding of His temple in Jerusalem.

Zechariah 8:9-15 also speaks of the Lord ending the discipline He had been administering to the remnant of Judah prior to resuming the work of rebuilding the temple since it echoes Haggai 2:10-19.

The commands in Haggai 2:15 and 18 are not only to encourage and give assurance to the citizens of Judah as they completed the rebuilding of His temple in Jerusalem but also, they serve as a warning because they remind them that they were disciplined because of disobedience but blessed because of their obedience.

He wanted to warn them of the consequences of disobeying His commands but encourage them to continue to obey Him in the future.

This spiritual principle that God’s covenant people would be blessed as a result of their obedience to His commands and disciplined as a result of disobedience is in accordance with the Law and the prophets.

Leviticus 26:4, 19-20, Deuteronomy 11:11-17, 28:22-24, Amos 4:6-10 and Psalm 67:6 taught Israel that if they obeyed the Lord, then He would send rain in its season and the ground would yield its crops.

However, if they disobeyed, then He would make the sky like iron and the ground like bronze and the ground as a result would not produce its crops.

Like Haggai 1:8-12, Haggai 2:10-19 presents one of the great themes of the book of Haggai, namely obedience to God’s commands.

Several times Haggai mentions the consequences for disobedience (cf.

Hag.

1:6, 11; 2:16-17).

The prophet also mentions the consequences for obedience.

God graciously provides the energy or enthusiasm (1:14), strength (2:4-5) and resources (2:8) to do His will when the remnant of Judah obeyed Him (1:12).

He also promised the post-exilic community that He would bless with His presence (2:9), peace (2:9) and material prosperity (2:19) if they obeyed Him.