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Text -
In this part of the series
Martin Luther’s encounter with biblical justification
Luther’s and Roman Catholic Church’s views compared
Other views compared
On Righteousness - infused or imputed?
Conclusion
Roman Catholic View on Justification
This is the main difference between Protestant and Roman Catholic views of justification.
For Roman Catholicism justification is primarily God’s making us righteous, not declaring us righteous.
It is not a consistently forensic concept but overlaps sanctification.
So, on the Roman view God makes us righteous within and declares us to be righteous on the basis of this “infused righteousness.”
That infused righteousness, to some degree, merits eternal life.
This means, then, that salvation is based partly upon our works.
We cannot be assured of our salvation in this life, because we are never sure whether our works have been sufficient.
Rome teaches that the sinner is justified on the basis of the inherent righteousness that has been infused into his heart, and which, in turn, is the fruit of the co-operation of the human will with prevenient grace.
This applies to what is called the first justification; in all following justification the good works of man come into consideration as the formal cause or ground of justification.
According to the Romish scheme (1.) God is the efficient cause of justification, as it is by his power or supernatural grace that the soul is made just.
(2.) Christ is the meritorious cause, as it is for his sake God grants this saving grace, or influence of the Spirit to the children of men.
(3.) Inherent righteousness is the formal cause, since thereby the soul is made really just or holy.
(4.) Faith is the occasional and predisposing cause, as it leads the sinner to seek justification (regeneration), and disposes God to grant the blessing.
In this aspect it has the merit of congruity only, not that of condignity.
(5.) Baptism is the essential instrumental cause, as it is only through or by baptism that inherent righteousness is infused or justification is effected.
So much for the first justification.
After this justification, which makes the sinner holy, then, (6.) Good works, all the fruits and exercises of the new life, have real merit and constitute the ground of the Christian’s title to eternal life.
In Summary
Justification is the process of becoming righteous through the sacraments
Baptism – initial justification; sins are forgiven sin; righteousness is infused
Penance – cleansing from sins after baptism; believer is becomes righteous through penance
Final justification depends on the works of the believer
Purgatory - final cleansing, because final justification cannot be determined on earth
Martin Luther’s Revelation
His understanding of the doctrine was transformed when he understood the real meaning of the word “justify”
RCC teaches that justfy means “to make righteous” - depending on the Latin translation of the Bible, the word read JUSTIFICARE, “to make righteous”
Luther learned the original meaning of “justify” - the Greek word is DIKAIOO, “to declare righteous”
Luther understood justification to mean a declaration of God, not a procedure or process.
The rest is history.
R.C.C.’s and Luther’s Views Compared
RCC’s Teaching
(See above)
Baptism – initial justification; sins are forgiven sin; righteousness is infused
Penance – cleansing from sins after baptism; believer is becomes righteous through penance
Final justification depends on the works of the believer
Purgatory - final cleansing, because final justification cannot be determined on earth
Luther’s Teaching
Justificaion is the act of God whereby the sinner is declared righteous by faith in Christ
Justification takes place in baptism, which is the same as regeneration
Justification is complete
Reformed and Pentecostal Views Compared
Reformed Teaching
•Justification is an act of God whereby He declares righteous the sinner who believes
•Justification is a one-time act, is instantaneous and complete
•Justification does not change the person
Pentecostal Teaching
•Justification is an act of God whereby He declares righteous the sinner who believes
•Justification does not change the person
•Justification is three-fold – past, present and future
Righteousness - Infused or Imputed?
Infuse = fill, soak, flow into
When a person is justified a baptism, righteousness is infused into his heart through the Holy Spirit
infused righteousness is basically God’s righteousness and human works cooperating together for final justification
Final justification is based on how good the person will become
NOTES
there is no biblical rsupport for this view
the works of faith () DO NOT ADD to our justified standing before God.
However, our righteous acts DO NOT ADD to our justified standing before God.
Impute = ascribe, credit, put into account
When a person is justified, righteousness is imputed by faith
Justification is complete and by faith in Christ alone
NOTES
Righteousness belongs to Christ, not ours
the believer’s sins are forgiven
Christ’s righteousness is put into the believer’s account by faith
Errors Observed
On RCC’s teaching
1.) Justification is a process involving human works
In repentance and faith, the believer is only initially justified by being forgiven of his sins
final justification depends on the person’s works
2.) Justification is merited
the believer must work and do penance so that he can become righteous before God
3.) Justification iand sanctification are confused
4.) Final justification is not achieved on earth
Thomas Aquinas invented the doctrine of purgatory to compensate for unfulfilled righteousness on earth
On Protestant Views (Lutheran, Reformed, Arminian)
1.) Justification does not change a person
the believer is both “sinner” and “righteous” at the same time
Regeneration precedes justification (by faith), and yet the person is still not changed
2.) The arminians teach that the believer is only accounted righteous on the basis of his life of obedience
this somewhat similar to RCC’s teaching
On The Pentecostal Teaching
1.) Justification is three-fold - past, present and future
Justification is complete in the declaration
present sins are forgiven, but the believer remains justified
The Biblical View
1.) Justification is God’s imputing righteousness on the believer by faith in the blood of Jesus Christ.
Expressed in 2 ways
faith is imputed for righteousness
righteousness is imputed by faith
2.) Justification is a one-time act of God, final and complete
Abraham was justified all his life
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